Article
Chemistry, Physical
Franziska Allgayer, Julia Maibach, Fabian Jeschull
Summary: Graphite in potassium-ion batteries shows a faster capacity fade compared to lithium-ion batteries, possibly due to the reactivity of the potassium metal counter electrode or the instability of the solid electrolyte interphase. Previous studies have focused on different electrolyte formulations or charge states of graphite electrodes in potassium half cells. This study compares the surface layers in both charged and discharged states of lithium and potassium half cells, revealing significant differences in SEI composition.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. A. B. Agier, S. S. Shishvan, N. A. Fleck, V. S. Deshpande
Summary: The growth of voids at the electrode/electrolyte interface in solid-state Li batteries is analyzed using a framework that incorporates power-law creep deformation of the Li electrode and Li+ flux through a single-ion conductor solid electrolyte. The results suggest that void growth is influenced by the interfacial resistance, electrolyte conductivity, and the presence of dislocations within the electrode. The findings provide insights into the failure mechanisms of Li batteries due to void growth.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yixuan Guo, Jun Cheng, Zhen Zeng, Yuanyuan Li, Hongqiang Zhang, Deping Li, Lijie Ci
Summary: The role of the Li2CO3 layer in composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) is elucidated, showing that it inhibits the formation of high conductive interlayers, alters the Li+ transport pathway, and reduces the carrier concentration. In the absence of Li2CO3, the electrolyte exhibits improved ionic conductivity and Li+ transference number, along with excellent cycling performance.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Siamak S. Shishvan, Norman A. Fleck, Vikram S. Deshpande
Summary: The study reveals the importance of considering power-law creep and dislocation motion in predicting void growth in the Li electrode. The modified Butler-Volmer kinetics for the interface flux associated with creep deformation of the Li electrode in a single-ion conductor solid electrolyte is key in understanding the process.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jian Tan, Xuanyang Li, Zhan Fang, Xiaodong Zhu, Chuming Ye, Mingxin Ye, Jianfeng Shen
Summary: This study presents a strategy using LiPF6/FEC soaked separator to overcome the challenges in lithium-sulfur batteries, resulting in improved performance and cycling stability.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Adam M. Boyce, Denis J. Cumming, Chun Huang, Stanislaw P. Zankowski, Patrick S. Grant, Dan J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: Current research is allowing for thicker lithium-ion battery electrodes, which can improve energy density and reduce costs, but challenges such as performance issues, manufacturing challenges, and scalability remain. Pore engineering may provide opportunities to design thicker and better electrodes while ensuring long-term performance and scalability.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fezzeh Pouraghajan, Andrea Thompson, Emilee E. Hunter, Brian Mazzeo, Jake Christensen, Ram Subbaraman, Michael Wray, Dean Wheeler
Summary: This study quantified the changes in effective ionic conductivity and diffusivity, revealing the variations in electronic and ionic resistivity during cell formation and cycling. The results indicate that the chemistry of the electrodes and cycling conditions impact these changes.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhengyu Ju, Steven T. King, Xiao Xu, Xiao Zhang, Kasun U. Raigama, Kenneth J. Takeuchi, Amy C. Marschilok, Lei Wang, Esther S. Takeuchi, Guihua Yu
Summary: In this article, a method for preparing low-tortuosity, high-density, and high-toughness thick electrodes through controlled nanosheet self-assembly is proposed. The electrode exhibits high volumetric and areal capacities, providing a potentially universal approach for designing high-performance battery electrodes with versatile anisotropic properties.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alfonso Pozio, Mariasole Di Carli, Annalisa Aurora, Mauro Falconieri, Livia Della Seta, Pier Paolo Prosini
Summary: Activated hard carbons from waste biomasses were used as active materials for battery electrodes, showing good performance in lithium-sulfur and lithium-ion batteries.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wei Sun, Q. M. Li, Ping Xiao, Paola Carbone
Summary: This study investigates the impact of compressed separators on the electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and its underlying mechanisms. Two commercial separators, polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), with different compressive behaviors were examined. The tortuosity values of compressed PP and PE separators were determined using Electrochemical Impedance Spectrum (EIS) tests. LIBs with compressed PP and PE separators were tested for their capacity performance, revealing that the critical compressive strain for significant reduction in LIB's capacity is the onset strain of densifications. The experimental observations are supported by COMSOL modeling results.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Karthik S. Mayilvahanan, Zeyu Hui, Kedi Hu, Jason Kuang, Alison H. McCarthy, John Bernard, Lei Wang, Kenneth J. Takeuchi, Amy C. Marschilok, Esther S. Takeuchi, Alan C. West
Summary: This study presents an approach to determine tortuosity in porous electrodes by fitting a P2D model to discharge profiles, identifying a dimensionless current as a key parameter for confident estimates of tortuosity. The method is applied to analyze LVO and NMC electrodes, discussing assumptions and uncertainties in the measurements. Additionally, an uncertainty analysis is conducted on the standard method of quantifying tortuosity using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under blocking electrolyte conditions, showing confident estimates can be obtained despite uncertainties in equivalent circuit model parameters.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Tuan-Tu Nguyen, Bruno Delobel, Arnaud Demortiere, Charles Delacourt
Summary: This paper discusses the use of two physics-based models to analyze the discharge performance of high-energy-density electrodes. The analysis reveals a significant discrepancy between the actual discharge performance and the results predicted by the regular Newman pseudo-2D model, which does not consider particle agglomeration effects. By introducing an extension of the Newman model that accounts for agglomeration effects, the discharge rate capabilities of industry-grade electrodes with different electrolytes can be validated. The simulation results indicate that mitigating agglomeration effects can greatly improve the rate performance of high-energy electrodes at high C-rates.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kangsheng Huang, Sheng Bi, Hai Xu, Langyuan Wu, Chang Fang, Xiaogang Zhang
Summary: Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are used as alternatives to liquid electrolytes in lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). Adding diluent 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE) to regulate the electrolyte structure improves the electrochemical stability and ion transport properties of GPEs. The addition of TTE enhances ion association and forms a robust and low-impedance solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the anode surface. This study provides an effective approach for controlling solvation structures in GPEs, which can advance the design of GPE-based LMBs in the future.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hyemin Park, Eun Gyu Lee, So-Yeon Kim, Si Jin Seong, Jae Yong Suh, Mihye Wu, Yongku Kang, Si-Young Choi, Yongseon Kim, Sungho Choi
Summary: Promising soft-rigid and free-standing composite electrolytes were developed by mixing Sr-doped LiZr2(PO4)(3) compound with a PEO-based polymer, showing good ionic conductivity and cycling stability for solid-state Li+-ion rechargeable batteries operating at room temperature.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Bhaskar Akkisetty, Konstantinos Dimogiannis, Joanne Searle, David Rogers, Graham N. Newton, Lee R. Johnson
Summary: This article reports a halogen-rich additive for sodium-ion battery electrolyte, enflurane, which can stabilize the interphase and improve the cycling performance of the electrode.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Xiaoxuan Zhang, Markus Klinsmann, Sergei Chumakov, Xiaobai Li, Sun Ung Kim, Michael Metzger, Munir M. Besli, Reinhardt Klein, Christian Linder, Jake Christensen
Summary: This study investigates the coupling between mechanical deformation and electrochemical response in battery cells, proposing a coupled electrochemomechanical model and verifying its effectiveness through simulations. The results demonstrate that mechanical effects significantly impact the electrochemical response of the cell at high charge/discharge rates.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Munir M. Besli, Anantharaman Subbaraman, Farshad R. Pour Safaei, Christina Johnston, Gerhard Schneider, Nikhil Ravi, Jake Christensen, Yijin Liu, Marca M. Doeff, Michael Metzger, Saravanan Kuppan
Summary: The study investigates the impact of a physics-based, electrochemically optimized fast-charging algorithm on mobile devices. It is found that fast-charging without the optimized algorithm leads to lithium deposits on the anode, causing capacity decay. In experiments, degraded spots on harvested cathodes seem to be reactivated and participate in the intercalation process when lithiumated at low rates from lithium foil counter electrodes.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fezzeh Pouraghajan, Andrea Thompson, Emilee E. Hunter, Brian Mazzeo, Jake Christensen, Ram Subbaraman, Michael Wray, Dean Wheeler
Summary: This study quantified the changes in effective ionic conductivity and diffusivity, revealing the variations in electronic and ionic resistivity during cell formation and cycling. The results indicate that the chemistry of the electrodes and cycling conditions impact these changes.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Mavrik D. Thomas, Timothy M. Moriarty, Douglas D. Cook, Brian A. Mazzeo
Summary: The European Corn Borer is a destructive pest to maize crops, causing internal damage that is difficult to quantify. Research shows that electrical measurements can detect capacitance changes associated with ECB damage, offering a promising new method for evaluating damage caused by this pest.
COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Robert J. Stevens, W. Spencer Guthrie, Jared S. Baxter, Brian A. Mazzeo
Summary: This research evaluates the performance of polyester-polymer concrete (PPC) overlays on bridge decks in the United States, aiming to inform the further development of a new PPC specification. The study uses nondestructive testing methods to assess the properties of in situ PPC and provides new recommendations for hardness testing, skid resistance testing, patching, and surface preparation based on the findings. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of nondestructive testing in evaluating the performance of PPC overlays and guiding specification development.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
M. Nikpour, N. Barrett, Z. Hillman, A. Thompson, B. A. Mazzeo, D. R. Wheeler
Summary: This study uses a multi-phase smoothed particle (MPSP) model to simulate electrode production processes and demonstrates that anodes are more susceptible to heterogeneity than cathodes. Calendering increases variability in electronic and ionic conductivity while also improving mechanical uniformity.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
John E. Vogel, Emilee E. Hunter, Dean R. Wheeler, Brian A. Mazzeo
Summary: A low-cost, flexible probe was developed for measuring the electrical properties of lithium-ion battery electrode films, capable of generating maps of electrode properties at sub-millimeter resolution. Conductivity and contact resistance were validated as sources of variation in electrode manufacturing through the method.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Baichuan Liu, Kayci Prugue, Mojdeh Nikpour, Kristopher Ward, Brian A. Mazzeo, Dean R. Wheeler
Summary: In this study, an aperture probe was developed to measure the heterogeneity of MacMullin number within battery electrodes, and contour maps of the MacMullin number were used to show the ionic resistance profiles of different electrodes. The results showed significant local variation in the MacMullin number of the electrodes on a millimeter length scale. This method helps battery manufacturers and researchers better understand the sources of heterogeneity and improve electrode quality.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
M. Nikpour, B. A. Mazzeo, D. R. Wheeler
Summary: This study investigates the effects of active material particle size, shape, orientation, and stiffness on the performance of graphitic anodes using the MPSP model. It found that smaller active particles result in higher density films with better conductivity and elastic modulus. Additionally, disk-shaped particles tend to be horizontally oriented during calendering, reducing through-plane ionic transport, and increasing stiffness leads to higher porosity in the film.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
John E. Vogel, Jarom G. Sederholm, Edmund M. Shumway, Gabriel J. Abello, Stephen E. Trask, Dean R. Wheeler, Brian A. Mazzeo
Summary: The electronic properties of Li-ion battery electrodes, such as bulk conductivity and contact resistance, are crucial for cell performance and fast-charging capability. This study compares the contact resistance and mechanical peel strength of different commercial-grade cathodes and anodes. It was found that peel strength correlates well with contact resistance in a carefully curated data set, but may not accurately reflect electrical properties when there is significant variation in electrode composition.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Baichuan Liu, Nicole James, Amir-Sina Hamedi, Adrian Yao, Stephen Trask, Brian Mazzeo, Dean R. Wheeler
Summary: To improve the power and cycling performance of lithium-ion batteries, dual-layer or porosity-gradient electrodes have been proposed. By engineering a higher porosity close to the separator, the aim is to enhance ion transport where it has the greatest impact. This research tested the MacMullin numbers of two dual-layer anode samples using impedance measurement technique and developed an improved transmission-line model to characterize the microstructure of each layer independently. Virtual experiments using COMSOL Multiphysics were conducted to simulate impedance measurements and improve the accuracy of the numerical inversion procedure. The results show that the MacMullin numbers of the two dual-layer anodes studied follow expected trends, despite their significant differences.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ryan A. Hanson, Cory N. Newton, Aaron Jake Merrell, Anton E. Bowden, Matthew K. Seeley, Ulrike H. Mitchell, Brian A. Mazzeo, David T. Fullwood
Summary: This paper provides a detailed characterization of the voltage response vs frequency of deformation for polymeric foams embedded with nano-scale conductive particles. It also identifies a new sensing functionality, piezoresistive response, which greatly enhances the potential applications for the foam material.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Daniel Kwabena Yirenya-Tawiah, Alexander Blackham, Alison Langford, Brian Mazzeo, Shiuh-Hua Wood Chiang
Summary: This paper presents the design and measurement of a solar energy harvester capable of indefinitely powering a Bluetooth sensor node. The harvester features a PMIC that integrates various functions including battery charger, MPPT, LDO, and battery protection. It uses a miniature solar cell to harvest sunlight and charge a miniature lithium-ion battery. The measurement results demonstrate that the harvester successfully powers the load under different conditions and also showcases its capability to power a Bluetooth module for wireless communication with a smartphone app.
2022 IEEE 65TH INTERNATIONAL MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (MWSCAS 2022)
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Mojdeh Nikpour, Baichuan Liu, Paul Minson, Zachary Hillman, Brian A. Mazzeo, Dean R. Wheeler
Summary: The drying process of electrodes has significant effects on the microstructure, and unexpected changes can occur depending on the drying conditions. Through experimental investigation, it was found that the drying rate influences the microstructure and transport properties. Optimal drying temperature results in a more uniform binder distribution, leading to high electronic conductivity and low ionic resistivity.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Johnathon B. Hunt, Brian A. Mazzeo, Carl D. Sorensen, Yuri Hovanski
Summary: Friction stir welding is considered an advantageous solid-state joining process suitable for various materials. Increasing welding speed in industrial settings brings challenges in defect detection and evaluation. This research introduces a generalized defect detection method that can handle the stochastic nature of FSW process and has proven to be effective in defect detection and location.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING AND MATERIALS PROCESSING
(2022)