Article
Electrochemistry
Afia Asif, Arto Heiskanen, Jenny Emneus, Stephan Sylvest Keller
Summary: Carbon microelectrodes are widely used in various applications due to their material properties. Optimized fabrication of carbon nanograss electrodes provides high surface area suitable for electrochemical applications such as biosensing or electrochemical monitoring of cells, showing an approximately 2-fold increase in electrochemical signals compared to 2D electrodes.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elyana Kosri, Fatimah Ibrahim, Aung Thiha, Marc Madou
Summary: This paper reviews the use of mu/n-IDEA configurations as working electrodes in four-electrode electrochemical sensors, focusing on the two-dimensional and three-dimensional IDEA configurations and methods to expand the surface area. Compared to traditional electrochemical sensors, IDEAs show improved performance and face several challenges in future development.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ajay Munde, Priti Sharma, Somnath Dhawale, Ravishankar G. Kadam, Subodh Kumar, Hanumant B. Kale, Jan Filip, Radek Zboril, Bhaskar R. Sathe, Manoj B. Gawande
Summary: This study investigates the electro-oxidation of hydrazine using a well-established ruthenium single atom over mesoporous carbon nitride catalyst. The results show that the catalyst exhibits high electrochemical activity, low charge-transfer resistance, and long-term stability.
Article
Electrochemistry
Mahdi Hesari, Rui Jia, Michael V. Mirkin
Summary: Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted considerable interest in electrochemical applications, particularly as electrode materials for sensing analytes. In this study, copper benzene tricarboxylate MOF (HKUST-1) was electrodeposited into an open carbon nanopipette (CNP) to create a CNP-MOF nanoelectrode. The electrochemical response of CNP-MOFs relies on oxidation/reduction of Cu(I)/Cu(II) nodes in the porous nanostructure, and it shows a linear calibration curve for hydrogen peroxide reduction, suggesting its potential as a nanosensor.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shengquan Wu, Jianan Xu, Han Gao, Qingbo An, Fei Wang, Liang Li
Summary: In this study, carbon nanoelectrodes were used as physical probes to directly measure the water layer in ion-selective electrode membranes. It was found that water molecules diffuse through the chloride ion selective membrane until a water layer is formed. Additionally, the diffusion coefficient and concentration of oxygen molecules in the membrane were directly measured using a redox molecule probe.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhaoyan Tian, Xiang Qin, Fengying Shao, Xiuxiu Li, Zhi Wang, Songqin Liu, Yafeng Wu
Summary: The coupling of bipolar electrode (BPE) arrays and electrofluorochromic (EFC) imaging has demonstrated excellent capabilities in bioanalysis. However, the large size of the electrode and rapid diffusion of EFC molecules on the electrode surface have hindered imaging resolution and analytical performance. To overcome these challenges, bipolar nanoelectrodes (BPnE) array and in situ immobilization strategy of EFC molecules were proposed. The strategy achieved high spatial imaging resolution using anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template-assisted Au nanoelectrodes array and avoided rapid diffusion of EFC molecules on the electrode surface by electrically polymerizing them on a single Au nanoelectrode. The proposed strategy exhibited ultra-high sensitivity for dopamine (DA) analysis and enabled monitoring of dynamic changes in DA release from living PC12 cells under drug stimulation.
CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Amir Hatamie, Xiulan He, Xin-Wei Zhang, Pieter E. Oomen, Andrew G. Ewing
Summary: The study of subcellular targets and biochemical processes within a living cell is valuable for biological and medical research. This review focuses on electrochemical sensors to study the biochemistry and quantification of messenger molecules and other species stored in organelles, providing new trends and developments in this field. The effect of the chemical environment of single cells on regulation of the physical and chemical properties of vesicles is also reviewed.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaojia Zhao, Pradip Pachfule, Arne Thomas
Summary: This article introduces the application potential of covalent organic frameworks and discusses the design and synthesis strategies for their use in electrochemical applications. The focus is on the recent development of hybrid COF materials and COFs with hierarchical porosity which can address the challenges in electrochemical applications of COFs. Challenges and future trends in the use of COF materials in electrochemical applications are also outlined.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Polymer Science
Alexandra Virginia Bounegru, Iulian Bounegru
Summary: This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress and applications of chitosan-based electrochemical sensors in the analysis of pharmaceutical products and other samples, with a particular focus on the detection of medicinal substances. The review covers studies and developments from 2003 to 2023, highlighting the remarkable properties of chitosan, such as biocompatibility, chemical versatility, and large surface area, that make it an excellent candidate for sensor modification. Various types of chitosan-based sensors, including those utilizing carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanoparticles, conducting polymers, and molecularly imprinted chitosan, are analyzed, and their excellent sensitivity and stability are emphasized.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hao Wang, Jianmin Li, Ke Li, Yanping Lin, Jianmei Chen, Lijun Gao, Valeria Nicolosi, Xu Xiao, Jong-Min Lee
Summary: Researchers have shown that by designing nanostructured TMNs with tailored morphology, it is possible to address issues such as limited active sites and sluggish ionic kinetics in bulk TMNs, ultimately improving electrochemical performance. Recent progress in TMN-based nanomaterials has focused on geometric-structure design, electronic-structure engineering, and applications in electrochemical energy conversion and storage.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kentaro Ito, Kumi Y. Inoue, Takahiro Ito-Sasaki, Miho Ikegawa, Shinichiro Takano, Kosuke Ino, Hitoshi Shiku
Summary: In this study, we developed an electrochemical endotoxin sensor using an interdigitated array electrode (IDAE) device. The IDAE device showed high redox cycling efficiency and signal amplification rate. The sensor successfully detected p-aminophenol (pAP) released from Boc-Leu-Gly-Arg-p-aminophenol (LGR-pAP) as a product of an endotoxin-induced LAL reaction. The sensor could detect as low as 0.7 and 1.0 endotoxin unit/L after the LAL reaction for 1 h and 45 min, respectively, and these values were within the cut-off range for ultrapure dialysis fluid. Therefore, the highly sensitive endotoxin sensor is useful for ensuring medical safety.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xia Qiu, Haifeng Wei, Renjia Li, Yongxin Li
Summary: Bimetallic Au@Pt/Au NPs with triple-layered core-shell structure were successfully prepared and characterized. The single Au@Pt/Au NPs exhibited size-dependent properties for vol-tametric response and electron-transfer rate, and showed excellent electrocatalytic activity, long-term tolerance, and anti-toxicity compared with traditional Pt catalyst. This work provides new insight into conventional electrocatalysis and offers a platform for designing entirely new catalysts at single NPs level.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiameng Wang, Jia Wen, Hongyuan Yan
Summary: miRNA plays an important role in the early detection of cancer, and the combination of electrochemical biosensors with carbon nanomaterials allows for quick, easy, and sensitive detection of miRNA, enhancing detection sensitivity. Carbon nanomaterials have unique properties and, when combined with electrochemical methods, can play a significant role in miRNA detection.
CHEMISTRY-AN ASIAN JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lianli Zou, Yong-Sheng Wei, Chun-Chao Hou, Caixia Li, Qiang Xu
Summary: This review summarizes the progress in the synthesis of MOF-derived SACs and their electrochemical applications. The synthetic approaches based on MOFs, characterization techniques for SACs, and their electrochemical applications including ORR, OER, HER, CO2RR, NRR, and other energy-related reactions are discussed. Insights into the current challenges and future prospects of this field are also briefly presented.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sergi Brosel-Oliu, Sandra Chacon-Aparicio, Josune Jimenez Ezenarro, Natalia Abramova, Naroa Uria, Andrey Bratov
Summary: This study reports a novel impedimetric biosensor based on a three-dimensional interdigitated electrode array (3D-IDEA) for detecting excessive growth of cyanobacteria in freshwater. The biosensor showed a linear response to cyanobacteria concentrations in the range of 10(2)-10(5) cells center dot mL(-1), and a filtration methodology was developed to recover cyanobacterial cells. The developed system can be used as an alarm system for selecting samples for laboratory analysis.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jongmin Lee, Soosung Kim, Heungjoo Shin
Summary: This study develops a highly sensitive electrochemical heavy metal sensor based on hierarchical porous carbon electrodes, which can detect Cd(II) and Pb(II) at low concentrations. The hierarchical porous structure and sub-micrometer edges of the nanoporous carbon electrodes contribute to the enhanced performance of the sensor.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Subin Choi, Chan Sam Park, Hee Young Chae, Byungjoo Oh, Jongmin Lee, Yeong Min Kwon, Jeong Min Baik, Heungjoo Shin, Jae Joon Kim
Summary: This study introduces a wide-dynamic-range multi-sensor readout interface for portable environmental monitoring systems, optimizing current and resistance detection performance through two-step self-optimization. The ROIC prototype, fabricated in a 180-nm CMOS process, achieves high dynamic range and signal-to-noise ratio, successfully supporting wireless air quality and water pollution monitoring.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Snehan Peshin, Derosh George, Roya Shiri, Lawrence Kulinsky, Marc Madou
Summary: Compact disc (CD)-based centrifugal microfluidics is a popular choice for portable biological and chemical assays. This study presents two new multiple-use wax valve designs driven by capillary or magnetic forces. The capillary-driven wax valve was analyzed through numerical simulations and experimental results, and the parameters of the valve were measured and analyzed theoretically.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Reyna Berenice Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Lucy Teresa Gonzalez, Marc Madou, Cesar Leyva-Porras, Sergio Omar Martinez-Chapa, Alberto Mendoza
Summary: In this study, carbon dots were synthesized from activated and non-activated pyrolytic carbon black obtained from waste tires and chemically oxidized with HNO3. The effects on carbon dot properties were analyzed using various characterization techniques. The results showed that carbon dots from activated precursors exhibited different photoluminescence properties compared to those from non-activated precursors. Additionally, a dialysis method was proposed to purify the carbon dots.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yujia Liu, Lawrence Kulinsky, Roya Shiri, Marc Madou
Summary: In this study, a novel method of inward pumping using elastic membranes was introduced to centrifugal microfluidic platforms, allowing the liquid to be returned from the periphery to the center of the disk. By controlling the disk's angular velocity and the fluidic resistance in two channels, efficient inward pumping was achieved, demonstrating enhanced fluid mixing and the utility for multi-step assays on the disk.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Masoud Madadelahi, Javid Azimi-Boulali, Marc Madou, Sergio Omar Martinez-Chapa
Summary: The fluidic barrier in centrifugal microfluidic platforms is a newly introduced concept that is used for making multiple emulsions and microparticles. This study focuses on the application of particle generation to better understand this method. Theoretical models are used to explain how liquid polymeric droplets pass through a fluidic barrier, and experimental investigations are conducted to explore the effects of different parameters on the size and aspect ratio of the particles. The concept is further extended to two-source fluids, and the importance of source channel geometry, barrier length, and rotational speed in generating two-fluid droplets is studied.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Albert Cisquella-Serra, Marco Magnani, Marc Madou, Manuel Gamero-Castano
Summary: This article presents a novel technique for building carbon nanofiber composites using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) assisted by Joule heating. The heating of electrospun carbon nanofibers mats, induced by the passing of an electric current through the resistive mat and the associated Joule heating, is studied using infrared thermography. A thermal model is developed to correlate the imposed electrical dissipation and the temperature of the mat, a key variable in CVD. Joule heating is used to decompose W(CO)6 and deposit a coating of WO3-x on all carbon nanofibers without the need of annealing.
Review
Biophysics
Vahid Kordzadeh-Kermani, Masoud Madadelahi, Seyed Nezameddin Ashrafizadeh, Lawrence Kulinsky, Sergio O. Martinez-Chapa, Marc J. Madou
Summary: This review introduces the on-board power supply and electrokinetic applications of electrified-LOD (eLOD) devices. By utilizing electrokinetic phenomena, different microfluids can be propelled, separated, and manipulated. While extensive research exists on stationary platforms, the applications on rotating platforms are still underdeveloped.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wootaek Cho, Taejung Kim, Heungjoo Shin
Summary: In this study, an ultralow-power thermal conductivity detector (TCD) was developed using cost-effective technology. The TCD showed high sensitivity and ultrafast response/recovery by optimizing the nanoheater's aspect ratio and employing a suspended architecture. The sensor exhibited a linear gas response and reduced power consumption through pulse-width modulation.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Taejung Kim, Wootaek Cho, Beomsang Kim, Junyeong Yeom, Yeong Min Kwon, Jeong Min Baik, Jae Joon Kim, Heungjoo Shin
Summary: There is an increasing demand for power-efficient micro and nanodevices, and electrothermal nanowire-based heaters have emerged as promising solutions. This article demonstrates a method for producing a 1D nanoheater without complex fabrication processes, and showcases its application in a portable gas sensor system. The developed nanoheater offers superior performance in terms of low power consumption and reliable gas detection.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Snehan Peshin, Marc Madou, Lawrence Kulinsky
Summary: Centrifugal microfluidic platforms enable inexpensive point-of-care diagnostics and offer the ability to transfer complex processes, store reagents, and control flow. Valves play a crucial role in these platforms.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Snehan Peshin, Marc Madou, Lawrence Kulinsky
Summary: Over the past 20 years, numerous immunoassays have been successfully integrated on CD platforms, enabling portable POC platforms with sample-to-answer capabilities. This study demonstrates the simultaneous integration of blood plasma separation (BPS) and reciprocation on a CD platform, allowing for the separation of plasma from red blood cells without inflow into the reciprocation chamber. Experimental results showed that the integrated design had significantly higher fluorescent signal compared to the standard design when the reciprocation time was increased to 7 minutes.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elyana Kosri, Fatimah Ibrahim, Aung Thiha, Marc Madou
Summary: This paper reviews the use of mu/n-IDEA configurations as working electrodes in four-electrode electrochemical sensors, focusing on the two-dimensional and three-dimensional IDEA configurations and methods to expand the surface area. Compared to traditional electrochemical sensors, IDEAs show improved performance and face several challenges in future development.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Masoud Madadelahi, Marc J. Madou
Summary: The pandemic has provided financial and regulatory support for the improvement of limit of detection (LOD), speed, and cost of important diagnostic tools such as lateral flow assays (LFA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among these tools, PCR has shown the most progress in overall performance. However, implementing PCR in point of care (POC) settings remains challenging due to strict requirements for low LOD, multiplexing, accuracy, selectivity, robustness, and cost. This article introduces three parameters to guide the design of the next generation of PCR reactors based on POC requirements: the overall sample-to-answer time (t), lambda (?), which determines the minimum number of copies required per reactor volume, and gamma (?), the system's thermal efficiency. Evaluation: 8/10.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jufeng Deng, Chong Liu, Marc Madou
Summary: Through enhancing the decyanation reaction rate and reducing nanowire diameter, the microstructure transformation of carbon from low crystalline glassy carbon to crystalline micro-structure can be greatly accelerated. The electron transfer on the surface of highly crystalline carbon nanowires almost completely depends on the presence of oxygen groups, exhibiting an ultra-low electron transfer rate. Optimizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement methods could potentially drive the development of a new generation of electrochemical cells and biomedical signal measurements.
