Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Johanna Helmstaedter, Karin Keppeler, Leonie Kuester, Thomas Muenzel, Andreas Daiber, Sebastian Steven
Summary: Cardiovascular outcome trials have shown cardiovascular benefits for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists. However, the effects of GLP-1 and receptor agonists on the cardiovascular system are not fully understood. Further research is needed to explore the potential cardiovascular protection beyond glycaemic control offered by GLP-1 receptor agonists.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Syed Faizan Mehdi, Suma Pusapati, Muhammad Saad Anwar, Durga Lohana, Parkash Kumar, Savitri Aninditha Nandula, Fatima Kausar Nawaz, Kevin Tracey, Huan Yang, Derek LeRoith, Michael J. Brownstein, Jesse Roth
Summary: Inflammation is involved in many chronic conditions and stimulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune cells. GLP-1 levels are associated with disease severity and can serve as markers of inflammation. Previous studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of oxytocin, hCG, ghrelin, alpha-MSH and ACTH, while the anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 have only recently been recognized. GLP-1 has been shown to be beneficial in treating type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and hyperglycemia by reducing inflammation and cell death.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carmen M. Labandeira, Arturo Fraga-Bau, David Arias Ron, Ana Munoz, Gema Alonso-Losada, Antonio Koukoulis, Jesus Romero-Lopez, Ana Rodriguez-Perez
Summary: Parkinson's disease and diabetes mellitus are two chronic disorders associated with aging that are increasingly prevalent worldwide. Research has shown that insulin plays a role in the brain that may affect the development of Parkinson's disease, and some antidiabetic treatments may have a certain impact on this disease.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Katherine O. Kopp, Elliot J. Glotfelty, Yazhou Li, Nigel H. Greig
Summary: Chronic neuroinflammation is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases, and targeting this inflammation has not been effectively utilized in clinical treatments. The risk of inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases is associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance, suggesting that alleviating diabetes pathology may help treat neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. GLP-1 is a hormone that promotes healthy insulin signaling and has shown anti-inflammatory, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective properties in preclinical neurodegenerative disease models.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sachiko Kadowaki, M. Ahsan Siraj, Weiden Chen, Jian Wang, Marlee Parker, Anita Nagy, Chun-Po Steve Fan, Kyle Runeckles, Jing Li, Junko Kobayashi, Christoph Haller, Mansoor Husain, Osami Honjo
Summary: Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, shows protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury in heart transplantation surgery. The experiment results demonstrate that exenatide treatment can increase myocardial oxygen consumption, reduce cardiac troponin-I release, improve diastolic function of the heart, and limit endothelial injury. Therefore, exenatide plays an important role in protecting DCD hearts.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jun Chen, Aihua Mei, Xinxin Liu, Zachary Braunstein, Yingying Wei, Biao Wang, Lihua Duan, Xiaoquan Rao, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Lingli Dong, Jixin Zhong
Summary: This study confirms the expression of GLP-1R in macrophages in inflammatory diseases. Deficiency of GLP-1R reduces macrophage migration and enhances interleukin-6 expression. In a gout model, recruitment of macrophages is suppressed in GLP-1R knockout mice.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zara J. Franklin, Ryan A. Lafferty, Peter R. Flatt, Laura M. McShane, Finbarr P. M. O'Harte, Nigel Irwin
Summary: Ablation of GCGR signaling and activation of the GLP-1 receptor significantly improve metabolism in HFF mice, but combination therapy does not show obvious additional benefits.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Ali Ismaeil, Fawzi Babiker, Suleiman Al-Sabah
Summary: This study found that GLP-1 (9-36) can protect the heart against ischemia reperfusion injury by normalizing cardiac hemodynamic and enzyme levels, while Ex-4 (9-39) can block the protective effect mediated by Ex-4.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Baocheng Xie, Shichun Chen, Yongxiang Xu, Weichao Han, Runkai Hu, Minyi Chen, Yusheng Zhang, Shaobo Ding
Summary: Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis are closely related, and GLP-1RAs may help in controlling blood sugar levels and promoting bone formation, but more research is needed to clarify their specific effects and mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ningxiang Zeng, Elam J. Cutts, Christian B. Lopez, Simran Kaur, Miguel Duran, Sonja A. Virkus, J. Andrew Hardaway
Summary: The study deeply characterized the pattern of Glp1r in the CeA and studied the neurophysiological characteristics of CeA neurons expressing Glp1r. Glp1r(CeA) cells are highly enriched in the medial subdivision of the CeA (CeM) and exhibit unique characteristics in terms of neuronal activity. These findings will be crucial for further understanding the impact of GLP-1R agonists on feeding and motivation.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Bruno Verges, Victor Aboyans, Denis Angoulvant, Pierre Boutouyrie, Bertrand Cariou, Fabien Hyafil, Kamel Mohammedi, Pierre Amarenco
Summary: This review summarizes the potential mechanisms by which glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) provide stroke protection in patients with diabetes. GLP-1RAs show multiple anti-atherosclerotic effects and reduce traditional stroke risk factors. Additionally, GLP-1RAs demonstrate direct cerebral effects in animal stroke models, promoting neurogenesis and reducing infarct volume.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Liang Wang, Xuebai Lv, Jue Tian, Xiaoliang Wang, Ye Wu, Hui Rong Liu
Summary: The study found that Nec-1 may reduce myocardial cell death and maintain myocardial architectural integrity, thus inhibiting the reactive fibrosis process in rats during myocardial ischemia/late reperfusion. Administration of Nec-1 at the onset of reperfusion significantly reduced the release of creatine kinase and downregulated autophagy within 24 hours after reperfusion, with a significantly positive correlation between them.
CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yakun Li, Bingyang Xu, Jun Yang, Lu Wang, Xiaosheng Tan, Xiaofan Hu, Lingjuan Sun, Song Chen, Lan Zhu, Xiaoping Chen, Gang Chen
Summary: Liraglutide exerts protective effects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting HMGB1 nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation and release, partially dependent on GLP-1R. This demonstrates its therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of organ IRI.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Christophe E. M. De Block, Eveline Dirinck, Ann Verhaegen, Luc F. Van Gaal
Summary: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide RA tirzepatide have expanded the population of individuals reaching HbA1c and weight targets, showing potential therapeutic benefits. However, further research is needed to determine whether this will lead to improved cardiovascular outcomes and impact treatment guidelines.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Dihe Cheng, Shuo Yang, Xue Zhao, Guixia Wang
Summary: This article reviews the molecular mechanisms and potential effects of GLP-1 RA in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly diabetes-related Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Subodh Verma, Udi Fainberg, Mansoor Husain, Soren Rasmussen, Lars Ryden, Maria Sejersten Ripa, John B. Buse
Summary: After re-categorization, semaglutide significantly reduced the risk of MACE in the established CVD subgroup, while showing a nonsignificant reduction in the CV risk factor subgroup. These results suggest potential CV benefits of semaglutide across the CV risk continuum in patients with type 2 diabetes.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michael E. Nassif, Sheryl L. Windsor, Fengming Tang, Mansoor Husain, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Darren K. McGuire, Bertram Pitt, Benjamin M. Scirica, Bethany Austin, Michael W. Fong, Shane J. LaRue, Guillermo Umpierrez, Justin Hartupee, Yevgeniy Khariton, Ali O. Malik, Modele O. Ogunniyi, Nanette K. Wenger, Mikhail N. Kosiborod
Summary: This study found that using dapagliflozin can lead to improvement in lung fluid volume in patients with HF, as measured by remote dielectric sensing. This discovery provides a clue to unraveling the mechanisms of benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Woo-Sup Sim, Bong-Woo Park, Kiwon Ban, Hun-Jun Park
Summary: The study explored a novel therapeutic platform called in situ preconditioning to enhance the therapeutic potential of BM-MSCs in a rat myocardial infarction model. Results showed that this approach significantly improved the survival and retention of BM-MSCs in the heart, leading to enhanced cardiac function and repair in myocardial infarction hearts. This suggests that in situ preconditioning could be an effective strategy for cardiac regeneration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Patrick R. Lawler, Ewan C. Golighe, Jeffrey S. Berge, Matthew D. Neal, Bryan J. McVerry, Jose C. Nicolau, Michelle N. Gong, Marc Carrier, Robert S. Rosenson, Harmony R. Reynolds, Alexis F. Turgeon, Jorge Escobedo, David T. Huang, Charlotte A. Bradbury, Brett L. Houston, Lucy Z. Kornblith, Anand Kumar, Susan R. n Kah, Mary Cushman, Zoe McQuilten, Arthur S. Slutsky, Keri S. Kim, Anthony C. Gordon, Bridget-Anne Kirwan, Maria M. Brooks, Alisa M. Higgins, Roger J. Lewis, Elizabeth Lorenzi, Scott M. Berry, Lindsay R. Berry, Derek C. Angus, Colin J. McArthur, Steven A. Webb, Michael E. Farkouh, Judith S. Hochman, Ryan Zarychanski, Aaron W. Aday, Farah Al-Beidh, Djillali Annane, Yaseen M. Arabi, Diptesh Aryal, Lisa Baumann Kreuziger, Abi Beane, Zahra Bhimani, Shailesh Bihari, Henny H. Billett, Lindsay Bond, Marc Bonten, Frank Brunkhorst, Meredith Buxton, Adrian Buzgau, Lana A. Castellucci, Sweta Chekuri, Jen-Ting Chen, Allen C. Cheng, Tamta Chkhikvadzw, Benjamin Coiffard, Todd W. Costantini, Sophie de Brouwer, Lennie P. G. Derde, Michelle A. Detry, Abhijit Duggal, Vladimir Dzavik, Mark B. Effron, Lise J. Estcourt, Brendan M. Everett, Dean A. Fergusson, Mark Fitzgerald, Robert A. Fowler, Jean P. Galanaud, Benjamin T. Galen, Sheetal Gandotra, Sebastian Garcia-Madrona, Timothy D. Girard, Lucas C. Godoy, Andrew L. Goodman, Herman Goossens, Cameron Green, Yonatan Y. Greenstein, Peter L. Gross, Naomi M. Hamburg, Rashan Haniffa, George Hanna, Nicholas Hanna, Sheila M. Hegde, Carolyn M. Hendrickson, R. Duncan Hite, Alexander A. Hindenburg, Aluko A. Hope, James M. Horowitz, Christopher M. Horvat, Kristin Hudock, Beverley J. Hunt, Mansoor Husain, Robert C. Hyzy, Vivek N. Iyer, Jeffrey R. Jacobson, Devachandran Jayakumar, Norma M. Keller, Akram Khan, Yuri Kim, Andrei L. Kindzelski, Andrew J. Kin, M. Margaret Knudson, Aaron E. Kornblith, Vidya Krishnan, Matthew E. Kutcher, Michael A. Laffan, Francois Lamontagne, Gregoire Le Gal, Christine M. Leeper, Eric S. Leifer, George Lim, Felipe Gallego Lima, Kelsey Linstrum, Edward Litton, Jose Lopez-Sendon, Jose L. Lopez-Sendon Moreno, Sylvain A. Lother, Saurabh Malhotra, Miguel Marcos, Andrea Saud Marinez, John C. Marshall, Nicole Marten, Michael A. Matthay, Daniel F. McAuley, Emily G. McDonald, Anna McGlothlin, Shay P. McGuinness, Saskia Middeldorp, Stephanie K. Montgomery, Steven C. Moore, Raquel Morillo Guerreor, Paul R. Mouncey, Srinivas Murthy, Girish B. Nair, Rahul Nair, Alistair D. Nichol, Brenda Nunez-Garcia, Ambarish Pandey, Pauline K. Park, Rachael L. Parke, Jane C. Parker, Sam Parnia, Jonathan D. Paul, Yessica S. Perez Gonzalez, Mauricio Pompilio, Matthew E. Prekker, John G. Quigley, Natalia S. Rost, Kathryn Rowan, Fernanda O. Santos, Marlene Santos, Mayler Olombrada Santos, Lewis Satterwhite, Christina T. Saunders, Roger E. G. Schutgens, Christopher W. Seymour, Deborah M. Siegal, Delcio G. Silva, Manu Shankar-Hari, John P. Sheehan, Aneesh B. Singhal, Dayna Solvaso, Simon J. Stanworth, Tobias Tritschler, Anne M. Turner, Wilma Van Bentum-Puijk, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Sean van Diepen, Gloria Vazquez-Grande, Lana Wahid, Vanessa Wareham, Bryan J. Wells, R. Jay Widmer, Jennifer G. Wilson, Eugene Yuriditsky, Fernando G. Zampieri
Summary: This study showed that therapeutic-dose anticoagulation with heparin in non-critically ill patients with Covid-19 increased the likelihood of survival to hospital discharge and reduced the need for cardiovascular or respiratory organ support compared to usual-care thromboprophylaxis.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ewan C. Goligher, Charlotte A. Bradbury, Bryan J. McVerry, Patrick R. Lawler, Jeffrey S. Berger, Michelle N. Gong, Marc Carrier, Harmony R. Reynolds, Anand Kumar, Alexis F. Turgeon, Lucy Z. Kornblith, Susan R. Kahn, John C. Marshall, Keri S. Kim, Brett L. Houston, Lennie P. G. Derde, Mary Cushman, Tobias Tritschler, Derek C. Angus, Lucas C. Godoy, Zoe McQuilten, Bridget-Anne Kirwan, Michael E. Farkouh, Maria M. Brooks, Roger J. Lewis, Lindsay R. Berry, Elizabeth Lorenzi, Anthony C. Gordon, Scott M. Berry, Colin J. McArthur, Matthew D. Neal, Judith S. Hochman, Steven A. Webb, Ryan Zarychanski, Tania Ahuja, Farah Al-Beidh, Djillali Annane, Yaseen M. Arabi, Diptesh Aryal, Lisa Baumann Kreuziger, Abi Beane, Zahra Bhimani, Shailesh Bihari, Henny H. Billett, Lindsay Bond, Marc Bonten, Frank Brunkhorst, Meredith Buxton, Adrian Buzgau, Lana A. Castellucci, Sweta Chekuri, Jen-Ting Chen, Allen C. Cheng, Tamta Chkhikvadze, Benjamin Coiffard, Aira Contreras, Todd W. Costantini, Sophie de Brouwer, Michelle A. Detry, Abhijit Duggal, Vladimir Dzavik, Mark B. Effron, Heather F. Eng, Jorge Escobedo, Lise J. Estcourt, Brendan M. Everett, Dean A. Fergusson, Mark Fitzgerald, Robert A. Fowler, Joshua D. Froess, Zhuxuan Fu, Jean P. Galanaud, Benjamin T. Galen, Sheetal Gandotra, Timothy D. Girard, Andrew L. Goodman, Herman Goossens, Cameron Green, Yonatan Y. Greenstein, Peter L. Gross, Rashan Haniffa, Sheila M. Hegde, Carolyn M. Hendrickson, Alisa M. Higgins, Alexander A. Hindenburg, Aluko A. Hope, James M. Horowitz, Christopher M. Horvat, David T. Huang, Kristin Hudock, Beverley J. Hunt, Mansoor Husain, Robert C. Hyzy, Jeffrey R. Jacobson, Devachandran Jayakumar, Norma M. Keller, Akram Khan, Yuri Kim, Andrei Kindzelski, Andrew J. King, Aaron E. Kornblith, Matthew E. Kutcher, Michael A. Laffan, Francois Lamontagne, Gregoire Le Gal, Christine M. Leeper, Eric S. Leifer, George Lim, Felipe Gallego Lima, Kelsey Linstrum, Edward Litton, Jose Lopez-Sendon, Sylvain A. Lother, Nicole Marten, Andrea Saud Marinez, Mary Martinez, Eduardo Mateos Garcia, Stavroula Mavromichalis, Daniel F. McAuley, Emily G. McDonald, Anna McGlothlin, Shay P. McGuinness, Saskia Middeldorp, Stephanie K. Montgomery, Paul R. Mouncey, Srinivas Murthy, Girish B. Nair, Rahul Nair, Alistair D. Nichol, Jose C. Nicolau, Brenda Nunez-Garcia, John J. Park, Pauline K. Park, Rachael L. Parke, Jane C. Parker, Sam Parnia, Jonathan D. Paul, Mauricio Pompilio, John G. Quigley, Robert S. Rosenson, Natalia S. Rost, Kathryn Rowan, Fernanda O. Santos, Marlene Santos, Mayler O. Santos, Lewis Satterwhite, Christina T. Saunders, Jake Schreiber, Roger E. G. Schutgens, Christopher W. Seymour, Deborah M. Siegal, Delcio G. Silva, Aneesh B. Singhal, Arthur S. Slutsky, Dayna Solvason, Anne M. Turner, Wilma Van Bentum-Puijk, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Sean van Diepen, Gloria Vazquez-Grande, Lana Wahid, Vanessa Wareham, R. Jay Widmer, Jennifer G. Wilson, Eugene Yuriditsky, Yongqi Zhong
Summary: In critically ill patients with Covid-19, initial therapeutic-dose anticoagulation did not result in improved survival rates or fewer days requiring cardiovascular or respiratory organ support compared to usual-care pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Sora Kwon, Kiwon Ban, Young-Kwon Hong, Jung-Suk Sung, Inho Choi
Summary: The study demonstrates that rapamycin effectively inhibits the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and that Prospero-related homeobox 1 (PROX1) plays a key role in the anti-proliferative effect of rapamycin. The increased expression of PROX1 by MTOR inhibition can be used as a useful marker for predicting whether HCC cells can be affected by rapamycin.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Senthil Selvaraj, Zhuxuan Fu, Philip Jones, Lydia C. Kwee, Sheryl L. Windsor, Olga Ilkayeva, Christopher B. Newgard, Kenneth B. Margulies, Mansoor Husain, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Darren K. McGuire, Bertram Pitt, Benjamin M. Scirica, David E. Lanfear, Michael E. Nassif, Ali Javaheri, Robert J. Mentz, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Svati H. Shah
Summary: This study explored the effects of dapagliflozin on metabolic pathways in HFrEF patients, showing an increase in ketone-related and fatty acid metabolite clusters. It also identified metabolic biomarkers associated with adverse HFrEF outcomes, suggesting a potential role for altered ketone and fatty acid biology with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.
Article
Clinical Neurology
W. David Strain, Ofir Frenkel, Martin A. James, Lawrence A. Leiter, Soren Rasmussen, Peter M. Rothwell, Maria Sejersten Ripa, Thomas C. Truelsen, Mansoor Husain
Summary: This post hoc analysis found that GLP-1 RA drug semaglutide can reduce stroke risk in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially the risk of small-vessel occlusion, compared to placebo.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nikolaus Marx, Mansoor Husain, Michael Lehrke, Subodh Verma, Naveed Sattar
Summary: Multiple large cardiovascular outcome trials have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists significantly reduce cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes, including major adverse cardiovascular events and heart failure. These drugs have received strong recommendations in diabetes and cardiology guidelines, but their usage remains low.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vanita R. R. Aroda, Umut Erhan, Peter Jelnes, Juris J. J. Meier, Morten Tind Abildlund, Richard Pratley, Tina Vilsboll, Mansoor Husain
Summary: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, including oral and subcutaneous semaglutide, are effective in improving glycaemic control and reducing cardiovascular risk. This study analyzed adverse events from clinical trials and found that the most common side effects were gastrointestinal disorders, which decreased with continued therapy.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kashvi Gupta, John A. Spertus, Mary Birmingham, Kensey L. Gosch, Mansoor Husain, Dalane W. Kitzman, Bertram Pitt, Sanjiv J. Shah, James L. Januzzi, Ildiko Lingvay, Javed Butler, Mikhail Kosiborod, David E. Lanfear
Summary: The health status of Black patients with heart failure is worse compared to White patients. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) can reduce cardiovascular mortality and improve health status in heart failure patients, but it is unclear if the effect is similar across races. The study found that SGLT2i improves health status equally for Black and White patients.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Michael E. Nassif, Sheryl L. Windsor, Kensey Gosch, Barry A. Borlaug, Mansoor Husain, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Dalane W. Kitzman, Darren K. McGuire, Bertram Pitt, Benjamin M. Scirica, Sanjiv J. Shah, Guillermo Umpierrez, Bethany A. Austin, Sumant Lamba, Taiyeb Khumri, Kavita Sharma, Mikhail N. Kosiborod
Summary: The benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors on symptoms and physical limitations in patients with heart failure are consistent and clinically meaningful across the full range of ejection fraction (EF), according to a pooled analysis of two trials.
CIRCULATION-HEART FAILURE
(2023)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Subodh Verma, Mansoor Husain, Christian M. Madsen, Lawrence A. Leiter, Anja Birk Kuhlman, Tina Vilsboll, Soren Rasmussen, Peter Libby
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yusaku Mori, Marel Gonzalez Medina, Zhiwei Liu, June Guo, Luke S. Dingwell, Simon Chiang, Carl Ronald Kahn, Mansoor Husain, Adria Giacca
Summary: The study found that the vasculoprotective effects of insulin on inhibiting neointimal growth require action in both endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells.
DIABETES & VASCULAR DISEASE RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Thi Van Anh Bui, Ji-Won Hwang, Jung-Hoon Lee, Hun-Jun Park, Kiwon Ban
Summary: MSCs are promising sources for cardiac regenerative therapy, but their efficacy in human clinical trials needs improvement. Various approaches such as genetic engineering, physical treatments, growth factors, and pharmacological agents have been considered to enhance the therapeutic potential of MSCs.
KOREAN CIRCULATION JOURNAL
(2021)