Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jamie E. Knight, Tomiko Yoneda, Nathan A. Lewis, Graciela Muniz-Terrera, David A. Bennett, Andrea M. Piccinin
Summary: Impaired olfaction may indicate early cognitive decline. The study aimed to track the importance of olfactory ability throughout cognitive states and death, finding that higher olfactory scores were associated with a reduced risk of transitioning to impaired cognition and increased longevity without cognitive impairment.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jemma Hazan, Michelle Wing, Kathy Y. Liu, Suzanne Reeves, Robert Howard
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in patients with cognitive impairment. The meta-analysis showed that the use of CSF biomarkers led to changes in diagnosis, increased diagnostic confidence, and influenced patient management. Further research is needed to explore the clinical utility of blood-based biomarkers.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Terry E. Goldberg, Seonjoo Lee, Davangere P. Devanand, Lon S. Schneider
Summary: Using per cent slowing of decline as a metric of outcome in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials may be misleading, while Cohen's d is a more valid and informative measure of efficacy. Standardised effect size determines group overlap, influences NNT computations, and provides information on the likelihood of minimum clinically important differences.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Laura C. Hanson, Kathryn Wessell, Natalie Meeks, Antonia V. Bennett, Mark Toles, Josh Niznik, Sheryl Zimmerman, Joan Carpenter, Christine S. Ritchie, Natalie C. Ernecoff, Debra Saliba
Summary: This study describes the development and structure of the IMbedded Pragmatic ADRD Clinical Trials Collaboratory (IMPACT) iLibrary of potential outcome measures for ADRD pragmatic trials and evaluates their pragmatic characteristics. The study found that pragmatic outcome measures are brief, meaningful to diverse populations, easily scored and interpreted by clinicians, and available in electronic format for analysis. The iLibrary can aid in the selection of measures for a wide range of outcomes relevant to people with ADRD and their care partners.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Noreen Khan, Emily M. Briceno, Roshanak Mehdipanah, Lisa Lewandowski-Romps, Steven G. Heeringa, Nelda Garcia, Deborah A. Levine, Kenneth M. Langa, Lewis B. Morgenstern
Summary: Understanding concordance between informants and cognitively impaired participants is crucial for Alzheimer's and Alzheimer's-related dementia studies. Models were generated to examine predictors of answer discordance, and it was found that gender and informant-participant relationship were most associated with demographic information concordance, while cognitive function was most associated with health information concordance.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Gargi Banerjee, John Collinge, Nick C. Fox, Tammaryn Lashley, Simon Mead, Jonathan M. Schott, David J. Werring, Natalie S. Ryan
Summary: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a significant cerebral small vessel disease that is associated with brain haemorrhage and cognitive change. While the common form affects individuals in mid- to later life, rare early-onset forms are increasingly recognized and may be caused by genetic or iatrogenic factors. This review provides an overview of the causes of early-onset CAA and proposes a structured approach for investigation and management, aiming to raise awareness among healthcare professionals.
Review
Cell Biology
Pritam V. V. Bagwe, Radni D. D. Deshpande, Gabor Juhasz, Sadhana Sathaye, Shreerang V. V. Joshi
Summary: STEP is a brain-specific phosphatase that controls signaling molecules involved in neuronal activity and synaptic development. An imbalance in STEP61 activity is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders. Understanding the relationship between STEP61 and associated illnesses can provide valuable insights for therapeutic interventions.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Wang Liao, Haoyu Luo, Yuting Ruan, Yingren Mai, Chongxu Liu, Jiawei Chen, Shaoqing Yang, Aiguo Xuan, Jun Liu
Summary: This study identifies genetic risk factors associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by analyzing differentially expressed genes in AD patients and healthy controls. The study finds that VSNL1, RTN1, FGF12, and ENC1 may be essential genes that progress asymptomatic AD to symptomatic AD.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Sirawit Sriwichaiin, Nipon Chattipakorn, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
Summary: Alzheimer's disease has become a major health issue among the elderly, and metabolomics research has provided insights into metabolic dysregulations and associated pathophysiology of AD, potentially identifying specific metabolites as biomarkers for the disease.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kan Z. Gianattasio, Erin E. Bennett, Jingkai Wei, Megha L. Mehrotra, Thomas Mosley, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Dean F. Wong, Elizabeth A. Stuart, Michael E. Griswold, M. Maria Glymour, Melinda C. Power, David Couper
Summary: Comparing associations between clinic-based and community-based study samples found a higher proportion of differences than expected by chance, suggesting the need to confirm findings in more representative samples.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Valeria Isella, Daniele Licciardo, Giulia Nastasi, Valentina Impagnatiello, Francesca Ferri, Cristina Mapelli, Cinzia Crivellaro, Monica Musarra, Sabrina Morzenti, Ildebrando Appollonio, Carlo Ferrarese
Summary: Late-onset and early-onset dementia exhibit neurobiological and clinical differences. This study compared the clinical and FDG-PET features of posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), the visual variant of Alzheimer's disease, between late-onset and early-onset cases. The results showed that the main difference between the two groups was a higher prevalence of Balint-Holmes symptoms in the early-onset cases, which was associated with severe bilateral occipito-temporo-parietal hypometabolism. In the late-onset cases, there was a reduction of FDG uptake mainly in the right posterior regions. Age was found to be correlated with metabolism in different brain regions.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Coles M. Hoffmann, Roch A. Nianogo, Kristine Yaffe, Amy Rosenwohl-Mack, Anna Carrasco, Deborah E. Barnes
Summary: This study compared the modifiable risk factors of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) between the U.S. and California, and found variations in risk factors among different regions and population groups. The findings emphasize the importance of tailoring dementia risk reduction strategies based on regional, sex, and race/ethnicity factors.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Hugh G. Pemberton, Lyduine E. Collij, Fiona Heeman, Ariane Bollack, Mahnaz Shekari, Gemma Salvado, Isadora Lopes Alves, David Vallez Garcia, Mark Battle, Christopher Buckley, Andrew W. Stephens, Santiago Bullich, Valentina Garibotto, Frederik Barkhof, Juan Domingo Gispert, Gill Farrar
Summary: This article summarizes and discusses several tools and measures available for amyloid PET quantification, highlighting the importance of quantitative measurement in early diagnosis and treatment response monitoring.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Shangchen Song, Breton Asken, Melissa J. Armstrong, Yang Yang, Zhigang Li
Summary: A prediction model for the onset time of clinical AD dementia was constructed using machine learning survival analysis approaches. The model showed good prediction performance and included six predictors. It was validated on the NACC and ADNI cohorts, and achieved high accuracy in predicting the probability of developing clinical AD dementia.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jonathan Pansieri, Gina Hadley, Andrew Lockhart, Marco Pisa, Gabriele C. C. DeLuca
Summary: The maintenance of adequate blood supply and vascular integrity is crucial for cerebral function. Vascular dysfunction has been reported in white matter dementias, which are characterized by white matter damage in the brain and cognitive impairment. This review provides an overview of vascular-specific regional alterations in white matter dementia, discusses the contribution of cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier disturbances in different conditions, and proposes a hypothetical map of vascular dysfunction to guide future research and therapeutic development.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Adrian Bailey, Isabel Eisen, Antony Palmer, Paul E. Beaule, Dean A. Fergusson, George Grammatopoulos
Summary: This study found that preoperative anemia is associated with negative outcomes in arthroplasty, and preventing and treating anemia can significantly improve postoperative outcomes such as transfusion, complications, and length of stay in hospital.
JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ainsley Matthewson, Olena Bereznyakova, Brian Dewar, Alexandra Davis, Mark Fedyk, Vignan Yogendrakumar, Dean A. Fergusson, Sophia Gocan, Dar Dowlatshahi, Robert Fahed, Michel Shamy
Summary: This study aims to categorize women-only RCTs for conditions affecting both men and women, as well as to analyze the reasons for conducting them in medical and philosophical literature. Various justifications for conducting women-only trials are expected to be identified.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shelley Vanderhout, Dean A. Fergusson, Jonathan A. Cook, Monica Taljaard
Summary: This study found that pragmatic trials rarely report patient and public engagement and do not commonly use PROs as primary outcomes. When provided, target differences are often not justified and rarely informed by patients and stakeholders.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mark Legacy, Dugald Seely, Ellen Conte, Athanasios Psihogios, Tim Ramsay, Dean A. Fergusson, Salmaan Kanji, John-Graydon Simmons, Kumanan Wilson
Summary: COVID-19 has caused worldwide morbidity and mortality, and effective treatments are still needed, especially for people in the community. This study aims to explore if nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin, and zinc are effective treatment options for outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Stefan Rodic, Brett N. Hryciw, Shehab Selim, Chu Qi Wang, Melissa-Fay Lepage, Vineet Goyal, Long Hoai Nguyen, Dean A. Fergusson, Carl van Walraven
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of bloodstream infection probability models in the same patient sample, finding that many models had limited applicability, low discrimination and calibration, and extensive inter-model disagreement.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel I. McIsaac, Dean A. Fergusson, Rachel Khadaroo, Amanda Meliambro, John Muscedere, Chelsia Gillis, Emily Hladkowicz, Monica Taljaard
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of home-based multimodal prehabilitation in decreasing patient-reported disability and postoperative complications in older people with frailty. The study is a multicentre, randomised controlled trial with a sample size of 750 participants. The primary outcomes include in-hospital complications and patient-reported disability 30 days after surgery, while secondary outcomes include survival, lower limb function, quality of life, and resource utilization.
Article
Economics
Mackenzie Wilson, Kednapa Thavorn, Terry Hawrysh, Ian D. Graham, Harold Atkins, Natasha Kekre, Doug Coyle, Manoj M. Lalu, Dean A. Fergusson, Kelvin K. W. Chan, Daniel A. Ollendorf, Justin Presseau
Summary: This study aimed to identify patient priorities for an early economic evaluation of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. The findings revealed that patients and caregivers recognized both the direct costs related to clinical care and indirect treatment costs, as well as the emotional and physical toll of treatment and its impact on employment and education. The treatment benefits prioritized by participants included treatment efficacy, manageable side effects, improved quality of life, accessibility of treatment, and short treatment duration.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexis F. Turgeon, Dean A. Fergusson, Lucy Clayton, Marie-Pier Patton, Ryan Zarychanski, Shane English, Annemarie Docherty, Timothy Walsh, Donald Griesdale, Andreas H. Kramer, Damon Scales, Karen E. A. Burns, John Gordon Boyd, John C. Marshall, Demetrios J. Kutsogiannis, Ian Ball, Paul C. Hebert, Francois Lamontagne, Olivier Costerousse, Maude St-Onge, Paule Lessard Bonaventure, Lynne Moore, Xavier Neveu, Andrea Rigamonti, Kosar Khwaja, Robert S. Green, Vincent Laroche, Alison Fox-Robichaud, Francois Lauzier
Summary: This study aims to compare the impact of liberal transfusion strategy and restrictive transfusion strategy on clinical outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Faizan Khan, Kednapa Thavorn, Doug Coyle, Sasha van Katwyk, Tobias Tritschler, Brian Hutton, Gregoire Le Gal, Marc Rodger, Dean Fergusson
Summary: This study aims to assess the differences in clinical benefits, harms, and costs of stopping versus continuing anticoagulant therapy indefinitely for a first unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE). A probabilistic Markov model will be developed to estimate life-years, quality-adjusted life-years, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. The results will be disseminated through conferences and a peer-reviewed journal.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lauralyn Ann McIntyre, Dean A. Fergusson, Tracy McArdle, Alison Fox-Robichaud, Shane W. English, Claudio Martin, John Marshall, Deborah J. Cook, Ian D. Graham, Steven Hawken, Colin McCartney, Kusum Menon, Raphael Saginur, Andrew Seely, Ian Stiell, Kednapa Thavorn, Charles Weijer, Akshai Iyengar, John Muscedere, Alan J. Forster, Monica Taljaard, Canadian Crit Care Trials Grp
Summary: This pilot trial aimed to evaluate the effect of normal saline and Ringer's lactate on clinically important outcomes. The study found a higher adherence rate with normal saline, but also observed more adverse events associated with it. Overall, conducting a large-scale trial in the future is feasible, but addressing logistical challenges during the planning stages will be crucial.
Article
Anesthesiology
Michael Verret, Dean A. A. Fergusson, Stuart G. G. Nicholls, Megan Graham, Fiona Zivkovic, Maxime Le, Allison Geist, Nhat Hung Lam, Ian D. D. Graham, Alexis F. F. Turgeon, Daniel I. I. McIsaac, Manoj M. M. Lalu
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Michael Verret, Nhat Hung Lam, Dean A. Fergusson, Stuart G. Nicholls, Alexis F. Turgeon, Daniel I. McIsaac, Ian Gilron, Myriam Hamtiaux, Sriyathavan Srichandramohan, Abdulaziz Al-Mazidi, Nicholas A. Fergusson, Brian Hutton, Fiona Zivkovic, Megan Graham, Allison Geist, Maxime Le, Melanie Berube, Patricia Poulin, Risa Shorr, Helena Daudt, Guillaume Martel, Jason McVicar, Husein Moloo, Manoj M. Lalu
Summary: This article aims to conduct a scoping review to examine the impact of intraoperative opioid minimization strategies on patient-centered outcomes and identify promising strategies. The authors will search medical databases for relevant clinical trials and use a coproduction approach involving stakeholders. The results of this study will inform future research and will be disseminated through various channels.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
MengQi Zhang, Dean Fergusson, Rahul Sharma, Ciel L. Khoo, Asher C. Mendelson, Braedon McDonald, Kimberly M. Macala, Neha T. Sharma, Sean T. Gill, Kirsten Fiest, Christian Lehmann, Risa Shorr, Forough Jahandideh, Stephane Bourque, Patricia Liaw, Alison Fox-Robichaud, Manoj Lalu
Summary: This study aims to systematically review the impact of biological sex on baseline and treatment responses in animal models of sepsis. It will include screening and data extraction of relevant studies from MEDLINE and Embase databases from 2011 to present. The results will be pooled and subjected to meta-analysis, and the risk of bias in the studies will be assessed. The purpose of this study is to provide a framework for sex-based analysis in future preclinical systematic reviews.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dugald Seely, Mark Legacy, Ellen Conte, Caitlyn Keates, Athanasios Psihogios, Tim Ramsay, Dean A. Fergusson, Salmaan Kanji, John-Graydon Simmons, Kumanan Wilson
Summary: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, a combination of vitamin C, vitamin D3, vitamin K2, and zinc showed no clinically or statistically significant effects on overall health in outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19. The study was stopped prematurely due to insufficient recruitment capacity. Further research is needed to determine the clinical utility of these supplements for COVID-19.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Julia F. Shaw, Yongdong Ouyang, Dean A. Fergusson, Tracy McArdle, Claudio Martin, Deborah Cook, Ian D. Graham, Steven Hawken, Colin J. L. McCartney, Kusum Menon, Raphael Saginur, Andrew Seely, Ian Stiell, Alison Fox-Robichaud, Shane English, John Marshall, Kednapa Thavorn, Monica Taljaard, Lauralyn A. McIntyre
Summary: This article presents the background, objectives, methods, and results of the FLUID trial. The trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a hospital-wide policy that stocks either NS or RL as the main crystalloid fluid in 16 hospitals in Ontario, Canada. The primary outcome is a composite of death and hospital readmission within 90 days of hospitalization. The results will provide important information on the effects of these fluids on clinically relevant outcomes.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2023)