Article
Infectious Diseases
Chris A. Gentry, Darien L. Campbell, Riley J. Williams
Summary: This study aimed to investigate if moving away from metronidazole improved clinical outcomes of initial non-severe CDI episodes, but the conclusion showed that this change did not improve the composite of treatment failure or recurrence.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Nicholas A. Turner, Bobby G. Warren, Maria F. Gergen-Teague, Rachel M. Addison, Bechtler Addison, William A. Rutala, David J. Weber, Daniel J. Sexton, Deverick J. Anderson
Summary: Fidaxomicin and vancomycin are more effective in reducing C. difficile shedding and environmental contamination compared to metronidazole. Treatment choice may play a role in reducing healthcare-associated C. difficile transmission.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Amy S. Gargis, Maria Karlsson, Ashley L. Paulick, Karen F. Anderson, Michelle Adamczyk, Nicholas Vlachos, Alyssa G. Kent, Gillian A. McAllister, Susannah L. McKay, Alison L. Halpin, Valerie Albrecht, Davina Campbell, Lauren Korhonen, Christopher A. Elkins, J. Kamile Rasheed, Alice Y. Guh, L. Clifford McDonald, Joseph D. Lutgring
Summary: Reference susceptibility testing revealed that elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to vancomycin and metronidazole were rare among US Clostridioides difficile isolates. Ribotype 027 was associated with increased MICs to several antibiotics including fluoroquinolones and clindamycin.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Layan Abu Rahmoun, Maya Azrad, Avi Peretz
Summary: The study revealed an association between antibiotic resistance and biofilm production capacity, emphasizing the importance of antibiotic susceptibility testing for effective treatment. Additionally, differences in biofilm production capacity among different Sequence-types (ST) strains may aid in guiding treatment decisions for recurrent infections.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alice Annalisa Medaglia, Alessandro Mancuso, Chiara Albano, Giuseppe Zinna, Luca Pipito, Cinzia Cala, Rita Immordino, Raffaella Rubino, Silvia Bonura, Baldassare Canino, Giuseppe Calamusa, Claudia Colomba, Pier Luigi Almasio, Antonio Cascio
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in frail patients. This study aimed to determine the incidence of CDI and identify risk factors for mortality and recurrence. The findings showed a significant increase in CDI incidence over the past decade and identified hemodialysis as a significant risk factor for mortality.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pablo Castro-Cordova, Maria Jose Mendoza-Leon, Daniel Paredes-Sabja
Summary: In elderly mice, the internalization of Clostridioides difficile spores in the ileum and colonic mucosa is higher compared to adults or young mice, while spore adherence to the ileum and colonic mucosa decreases with aging.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ronza Najjar-Debbiny, Alina Bazazhina, Naama Schwartz, Pninit Shaked, Walid Saliba, Gabriel Weber
Summary: There is no benefit of using vancomycin compared to metronidazole in terms of recurrence rate requiring hospitalization, in-hospital mortality, and mortality up to 4 and 8 weeks in non-severe first episode of CDI.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jason Yamaki, Swati Chawla, Shirley Tong, Kate Alison Lozada, Sun Yang
Summary: Despite the benefits of RBC transfusion therapy, it can lead to iron overload which is associated with CDI. Excess iron stimulates the growth and toxin production of C. difficile, and increases its resistance to metronidazole. Iron chelators effectively reduce the impact of CDI.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Marcela Krutova, Mark Wilcox, Ed Kuijper
Summary: The recommendations for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) have been updated recently. The drug of choice for CDI treatment should not only possess clinical efficacy, but also exhibit optimal antimicrobial stewardship by restoring the gut microbiota quickly to minimize the risk of infection relapses. Metronidazole, the current treatment option, has low concentration in stool and reduced antimicrobial bioactivity due to interactions with fecal microbiota. Elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations of metronidazole in epidemic C. difficile ribotypes and the emergence of resistance pose potential risks for treatment failure. Oral vancomycin and fidaxomicin, on the other hand, reach high concentrations in the stool and can effectively reduce C. difficile shedding. Facilities with higher CDI incidence and/or occurrence of epidemic ribotypes should avoid using metronidazole to prevent prolonged shedding and further transmission. Fidaxomicin, with its narrow spectrum of antimicrobial activity and persistence on spores, is the preferred option to reduce recurrent CDI rates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Casey Morgan Luc, Danyel Olson, David B. Banach, Paula Clogher, James Hadler
Summary: The study aimed to assess the concordance of Connecticut medical providers with the 2017 CDI treatment update and its impact on recurrence risk. Findings showed an increase in concordance from 2018 to 2019, though it remained low in 2019. Recurrence risk was significantly associated with patients aged 65 and above, particularly those aged 75-84 years.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Shama R. Mehta, Eugene F. Yen
Summary: CDI is a global health issue with high mortality rates, especially among the elderly. FMT has emerged as an effective treatment for rCDI, but there are safety concerns regarding potential pathogen transmission, emphasizing the importance of proper screening measures.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Bo-Yang Tsai, Yi-Hsin Lai, Chun-Wei Chiu, Chih-Yu Hsu, Yi-Hsuan Chen, Yueh-Lin Chen, Pei-Jane Tsai, Yuan-Pin Hung, Wen-Chien Ko
Summary: Doxycycline has a positive impact on the development of CDI, reducing the severity of the disease, and may be a potential therapeutic option for CDI.
Review
Microbiology
Chetna Dureja, Abiola O. Olaitan, Julian G. Hurdle
Summary: Antimicrobial resistance in Clostridioides difficile has significantly impacted patient care, but there are still many knowledge gaps in understanding the mechanisms of resistance.
CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nader S. Abutaleb, Mohamed N. Seleem
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infections are a significant public health threat globally, and auranofin shows potential as a new effective anti-CDI agent.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sylvia Polivkova, Marcela Krutova, Vaclav Capek, Blanka Sykorova, Jiri Benes
Summary: This study demonstrates that fidaxomicin is superior to metronidazole or vancomycin in the treatment of the initial episode, first recurrence, and non-severe cases of Clostridioides difficile infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)