期刊
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
卷 54, 期 24, 页码 2312-2318出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.07.044
关键词
bicuspid aortic valve; etiology; embryology; endothelial nitric oxide synthase; cardiac neural crest; animal models
资金
- Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Madrid, Spain [SAF2006-01548]
- Beca para Investigacion Basica en Cardiologia (Spanish Society of Cardiology, Madrid, Spain)
- Fondos Propios (University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain)
Objectives The aim of this study was to decide whether bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs) with fused right and noncoronary leaflets (R-N) and BAVs with fused right and left leaflets (R-L) have different etiologies or are the product of a single diathesis. Background The BAV is the most common congenital cardiac malformation. The R-N and R-L BAVs are the most frequent BAV subtypes. Methods The study was carried out in adult and embryonic hearts of endothelium nitric oxide synthase knock-out mice and inbred Syrian hamsters with a high incidence of R-N and R-L BAVs, respectively. The techniques used were histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy. Results The R-N BAVs result from a defective development of the cardiac outflow tract (OT) endocardial cushions that generates a morphologically anomalous right leaflet. The left leaflet develops normally. The R-L BAVs are the outcome of an extrafusion of the septal and parietal OT ridges that thereby engenders a sole anterior leaflet. The noncoronary leaflet forms normally. Conclusions The R-N and R-L BAVs are different etiological entities. The R-N BAVs are the product of a morphogenetic defect that happens before the OT septation and that probably relies on an exacerbated nitric oxide-dependent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation. The R-L BAVs result from the anomalous septation of the proximal portion of the OT, likely caused by a distorted behavior of neural crest cells. Care should be taken in further work on BAV genetics because R-N and R-L BAVs might rely on different genotypes. Detailed screening for R-N and R-L BAVs should be performed for a better understanding of the relationships between these BAV morphologic phenotypes and other heart disease. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:2312-8) (C) 2009 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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