Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lilach Rachamim, Hila Mualem-Taylor, Osnat Rachamim, Michael Rotstein, Sharon Zimmerman-Brenner
Summary: This study found that in children and adolescents with tic disorders, both the presence of ADHD and the absence of comorbid ADHD were associated with similar reductions in tic symptoms after internet-delivered, self-help comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (ICBIT). However, the presence of OCD comorbidity was associated with a lesser response to intervention. Furthermore, the intervention also led to significant reductions in parental reports of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Larger studies are needed to further optimize the application of ICBIT in children and teens with both tic disorders and comorbid ADHD and OCD.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Azadeh Kushki, Robyn E. Cardy, Sina Panahandeh, Mahan Malihi, Christopher Hammill, Jessica Brian, Alana Iaboni, Margot J. Taylor, Russell Schachar, Jennifer Crosbie, Paul Arnold, Elizabeth Kelley, Muhammad Ayub, Robert Nicolson, Stelios Georgiades, Jason P. Lerch, Evdokia Anagnostou
Summary: The study discovered associations between social communication abilities and distributed cortical and subcortical networks implicated in social behaviors, language, attention, memory, and executive functions, as well as three data-driven, diagnosis-agnostic subgroups based on the patterns of association in these networks.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chang-Chun Wu, Lee-Chin Wong, Chia-Jui Hsu, Chianne-Wen Yang, Ying-Chieh Tsai, Feng-Shiang Cheng, Hsiao-Yun Hu, Wang-Tso Lee
Summary: The study suggests that probiotics may not reduce tics in children with Tourette syndrome, but they may benefit comorbidities such as attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Further research is needed to clarify the effects of probiotics on the comorbidities of Tourette syndrome children.
Article
Neurosciences
Diane Seguin, Sara Pac, Jianan Wang, Rob Nicolson, Julio Martinez-Trujillo, Evdokia Anagnostou, Jason P. Lerch, Christopher Hammill, Russell Schachar, Jennifer Crosbie, Elizabeth Kelley, Muhammad Ayub, Jessica Brian, Xudong Liu, Paul D. Arnold, Stelios Georgiades, Emma G. Duerden
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between amygdala subnuclei volumes and anxiety in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The findings suggest that larger volumes of certain amygdala subnuclei are associated with higher anxiety scores in children with ASD and OCD, indicating the potential of using amygdala subnuclei volumes as markers for identifying children at high risk for anxiety in neurodevelopmental disorders.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Sharon Morein-Zamir, Michael Kasese, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Estherina Trachtenberg
Summary: Research has found a high frequency of hoarding symptoms in patients with ADHD, with inattention being a significant predictor of hoarding severity. Despite the potential impact on everyday functioning, individuals with ADHD do not typically disclose associated difficulties, highlighting the importance of routine assessment for HD in this population. Further research on HD in younger adults with ADHD is needed, as they differ in demographics from typical HD samples.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Tamara Pringsheim, Elaheh Nosratmirshekarlou, Asif Doja, Davide Martino
Summary: This study found that children with more severe tic symptoms had worse sleep quality, more sedentary activity time, and less light, moderate, and vigorous activity time. There was a significant negative correlation between physical activity and severity of tic, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, anxiety, and depression. Subjective sleep quality was positively correlated with symptom severity, especially with ADHD severity.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Masahiro Miyauchi, Naomi Matsuura, Keiichiro Mukai, Takuya Hashimoto, Shun Ogino, Kyosuke Yamanishi, Hisashi Yamada, Kazuhisa Hayashida, Hisato Matsunaga
Summary: This study investigated the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in adult patients. The results showed that patients with ADHD had more severe symptoms, lower quality of life, and less improvement after treatment compared to those without ADHD or its traits.
COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kayoko Isomura, Anna Sidorchuk, Laura Sevilla-Cermeno, Torbjorn Akerstedt, Maria Silverberg-Morse, Henrik Larsson, David Mataix-Cols, Lorena Fernandez de la Cruz
Summary: The study found a significantly higher prevalence of insomnia in Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD), which is associated with familial factors, neurodevelopmental comorbidities, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)/medication. Insomnia should be routinely assessed and managed in TS/CTD patients.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Natalia Szejko, Kirsten R. Muller-Vahl
Summary: Tourette syndrome (TS) is characterized by vocal and motor tics, often accompanied by psychiatric comorbidities. Differential diagnosis between tics and OCD-related phenomena can be challenging, as some symptoms may overlap. "Just right" phenomena are common in patients with TS, showing similarities with both tics and OCD. Treatment strategies for tics and OCD in TS patients should take into consideration these complexities.
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Sini Sulkama, Jenni Puurunen, Milla Salonen, Salla Mikkola, Emma Hakanen, Cesar Araujo, Hannes Lohi
Summary: Research indicates that higher levels of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention are more common in young, male dogs who spend more time alone at home. Additionally, different breeds of dogs show genetic differences in hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention. Hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention in dogs often co-occur with compulsive behavior, aggressiveness, and fearfulness.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marlee M. Vandewouw, Jessica Brian, Jennifer Crosbie, Russell J. Schachar, Alana Iaboni, Stelios Georgiades, Robert Nicolson, Elizabeth Kelley, Muhammad Ayub, Jessica Jones, Margot J. Taylor, Jason P. Lerch, Evdokia Anagnostou, Azadeh Kushki
Summary: This study used two large, independent data sets to identify subgroups of children with and without neurodevelopmental conditions with shared functional brain characteristics. The results showed that these subgroups were not aligned with current diagnostic categories but were associated with behavioral characteristics. This study's findings are an important step towards translating neurobiological subgroups into clinical settings and have been successfully replicated in independently collected data sets.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Julie Hagstrom, Katrine S. Spang, Signe Vangkilde, Katrine Maigaard, Liselotte Skov, Anne Katrine Pagsberg, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Kerstin Jessica Plessen
Summary: Explosive outbursts are common in children with Tourette syndrome (TS), especially those with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study found that children with TS alone did not differ in emotion regulation ability compared to controls, while children with ADHD and TS + ADHD had more difficulties with emotion regulation. Additionally, better emotion regulation ability was associated with less severe symptoms of ADHD. This study highlights the importance of understanding emotional dysregulation in TS and its relationship with comorbid disorders.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Simon Morand-Beaulieu, Stephanie D. Smith, Karim Ibrahim, Jia Wu, James F. Leckman, Michael J. Crowley, Denis G. Sukhodolsky
Summary: This study examined the behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of inhibitory control in children with Tourette syndrome (TS), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), TS+ADHD, and typically developing controls (TDC). The results showed that children with TS or TS+ADHD did not differ from other groups in terms of behavioral performance, EEG, and event-related potentials. However, children with ADHD-only showed differences in task performance and electrophysiological measures compared to typically developing controls.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kaja Andersen, Camilla Groth, Liselotte Skov, Nanette Mol Debes
Summary: This study examines the longitudinal impact of Tourette Syndrome (TS) severity, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) diagnosis and severity, and guardian socioeconomic status on substance use in pediatric patients with TS. The results indicate that greater severity of ADHD and lower guardian socioeconomic status significantly increase the likelihood of higher cigarette consumption in the future. Additionally, the presence and increased severity of ADHD at baseline increase the odds of illegal substance consumption later on, while increased severity of OCD at baseline decreases cigarette and illegal substance consumption, and presence and increased severity of OCD decrease alcohol consumption. Preventative conversations about substance use are crucial for pediatric patients with TS and high ADHD severity.
PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Maria Hernandez-Mora Ruiz Del Castillo, Philippe Bonnet, Isabelle Varescon
Summary: This study aimed to explore different profiles of pornography users based on addictive dimensions and examine the influence of psychopathological variables such as depression, anxiety, ADHD, and OCD. Three profiles of users were identified: non-problematic users (66.5%), at-risk users (29.9%), and problematic users (3.6%). The study confirmed the existence of different severity levels of pornography use and highlighted the influence of ADHD, OCD, and depressive symptoms on problematic pornography use (PPU).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND ADDICTION
(2023)
Article
Transplantation
Anirudh Rao, Stephanie J. MacNeill, Moniek W. M. van de Luijtgaarden, Nicholas C. Chesnaye, Christiane Drechsler, Chistoph Wanner, Claudia Torino, Maurizio Postorino, Maciej Szymczak, Marie Evans, Friedo W. Dekker, Kitty J. Jager, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Fergus J. Caskey
Summary: This study evaluates the external validity of the European EQUAL cohort study on older adults with Stage 4/5 chronic kidney disease. Findings suggest that factors such as gender, age, and comorbidities can influence participation rates and outcomes in cohort studies.
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Marija Cauchi, Harriet Ball, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Neil Robertson
Summary: Recent significant scientific investment has led to an expanding range of COVID-19 vaccines and increasing global uptake. However, concerns around potential risks and adverse events, such as vaccine-induced thrombosis and thrombocytopenia, pose challenges in interpreting data, communicating risks, and establishing causality. The 'infodemic' facilitated by the Internet and media further complicates understanding and communicating these risks to clinicians and the general population.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ilaria Poggiolini, Vandana Gupta, Michael Lawton, Seoyun Lee, Aadil El-Turabi, Agustin Querejeta-Coma, Claudia Trenkwalder, Friederike Sixel-Doering, Alexandra Foubert-Samier, Anne Pavy-Le Traon, Giuseppe Plazzi, Francesco Biscarini, Jacques Montplaisir, Jean-Francois Gagnon, Ronald B. Postuma, Elena Antelmi, Wassilios G. Meissner, Brit Mollenhauer, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Michele T. Hu, Laura Parkkinen
Summary: The study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of CSF alpha-synuclein RT-QuIC quantitative parameters in regard to disease progression, stratification, and conversion in synucleinopathies. The results showed that alpha-synuclein RT-QuIC adds value in diagnosing Parkinson's disease and may provide a way to distinguish variations within Parkinson's disease phenotype. The assay also showed potential as an early biomarker detecting synucleinopathy in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder patients prior to conversion.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Francesca Spiga, Michael A. Lawton, Stafford L. Lightman, George Davey Smith, Yoav Ben-Shlomo
Summary: The study found differences in the association between social class and cortisol in an aging male population, with lower social class being linked to slower recovery of cortisol levels after exposure to stress.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Karolis Zienius, Mio Ozawa, Willie Hamilton, Will Hollingworth, David Weller, Lorna Porteous, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Robin Grant, Paul M. Brennan
Summary: A rapid triage test, verbal fluency task (VFT), has the potential to support the identification of patients with brain tumours and facilitate urgent brain imaging triage. By incorporating VFT scores into clinical decision making, the timeliness and efficiency of diagnosis can be improved.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christine Lo, Siddharth Arora, Michael Lawton, Thomas Barber, Timothy Quinnell, Gary J. Dennis, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Michele Tao-Ming Hu
Summary: The composite clinical motor score may offer greater consistency and sensitivity in detecting motor changes in early disease than the MDS-UPDRS III alone. It is also more accurate in predicting clinical outcomes, requiring fewer participants in sample size estimations.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Sara K. Nutley, Michael Read, Joseph Eichenbaum, Rachel L. Nosheny, Michael Weiner, R. Scott Mackin, Carol A. Mathews
Summary: This study investigated the association between hoarding behavior and quality of life (QoL), revealing that hoarding is more strongly associated with mental and physical QoL than other highly impairing medical and psychiatric disorders, including diabetes, heart disease, chronic pain, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorder (SUD).
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Matthew D. Smith, Emma Tenison, Hashim Hashim, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Emily J. Henderson
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the use of neuromodulation techniques for treating bladder symptoms in Parkinson disease (PD). The findings suggest that neuromodulation techniques, such as tibial nerve stimulation (TNS) and sacral neuromodulation (SNM), can be beneficial in improving bladder symptoms in PD. However, more well-designed and sham-controlled studies are needed to provide definitive evidence.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katie Wong, Fergus J. Caskey, Anna Casula, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Pippa Bailey
Summary: Little is known about the clinical demographics and access to transplantation for Chinese diaspora populations with kidney disease. UK Chinese patients are younger at start of KRT, with higher rates of diabetic kidney disease and glomerulonephritis compared to White patients. UK Chinese men have lower odds of pre-emptive transplant and transplant within 3 years of KRT start, while both UK Chinese men and women have markedly lower odds of LDKT compared to Whites. Understanding these disparities will help ensure equitable access to transplantation.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Michael Lawton, Manuela M. X. Tan, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Fahd Baig, Thomas Barber, Johannes C. Klein, Samuel G. Evetts, Stephanie Millin, Naveed Malek, Katherine Grosset, Roger A. Barker, Nigel Williams, David J. Burn, Thomas Foltynie, Huw R. Morris, Nicholas Wood, Donald G. Grosset, Michele Tao-Ming Hu
Summary: This study explores the genetics of four previously described subtypes of Parkinson's disease and finds associations between different subtypes and GBA gene mutations and genetic risk. These findings provide insights into the underlying disease mechanisms and pathogenesis in different subtypes of Parkinson's disease.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Elizabeth A. Chapman, Stephanie Martinez, Andreas Keil, Carol A. Mathews
Summary: This study compared the entire visual processing stream between individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and healthy controls using neutral visual stimuli and a data-driven approach. The results showed enhanced P1 amplitudes in the OCD group compared to controls during specific time windows, indicating potential inefficient or excessive early visual processing in OCD. Further research is needed to explore the association between altered visual processing and sensory hyper-vigilance in OCD.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Hein Heuvelman, Neil M. Davies, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Alan Emond, Jonathan Evans, David Gunnell, Rachel Liebling, Richard Morris, Rupert Payne, Claire Storey, Maria Viner, Dheeraj Rai
Summary: This study examines the associations between the use of antidepressants during pregnancy and outcomes using multiple methods to strengthen causal inference. The results show that women who initiate or continue antidepressants during pregnancy are more likely to have contact with healthcare services and continue antidepressant use after pregnancy. However, there is little evidence for substantial associations between antidepressant use and autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or intellectual disability in children.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Harriet A. Ball, Elizabeth Coulthard, Mark Fish, Antony Bayer, John Gallacher, Yoav Ben-Shlomo
Summary: This study examines the association between subjective cognitive decline (sSCD) and objective cognition, finding a weak correlation between the two. Older age, poor sleep quality, and higher anxiety are independent predictors of sSCD. The study suggests that sSCD, in the absence of objective decline, may be an example of poor meta-cognition and a potential driver for functional cognitive disorder (FCD).
Article
Clinical Neurology
Laura Winchester, Imelda Barber, Michael Lawton, Jessica Ash, Benjamine Liu, Samuel Evetts, Lucinda Hopkins-Jones, Suppalak Lewis, Catherine Bresner, Ana Belen Malpartida, Nigel Williams, Steve Gentlemen, Richard Wade-Martins, Brent Ryan, Alejo Holgado-Nevado, Michele Hu, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Donald Grosset, Simon Lovestone
Summary: In this study, a multi-protein panel representative of Parkinson's disease was discovered using multiple cohorts and different measures. The researchers aimed to understand the disease mechanisms through protein expression profiles and find novel biomarkers. The results provide mechanistic insights into the disease and propose a protein signature classifier for further biomarker evaluation.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Samuel T. Creavin, Anna H. Noel-Storr, Ryan J. Langdon, Edo Richard, Alexandra L. Creavin, Sarah Cullum, Sarah Purdy, Yoav Ben-Shlomo
Summary: This study examines the diagnostic accuracy of general practitioners' (GPs) clinical judgement for cognitive impairment and dementia in primary care. The results show that GPs' clinical judgement has higher specificity but lower sensitivity for the diagnosis of dementia, and higher sensitivity but lower specificity for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Additional tests are needed to confirm the diagnosis in both cases, but clinical judgement can inform the choice of further testing. The analysis of heterogeneity yields uncertain results. The study highlights the importance of formal tests in ruling out conditions and providing appropriate treatment.
COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2022)