Review
Immunology
Anuja Singh, Tapan Behl, Aayush Sehgal, Sukhbir Singh, Neelam Sharma, Vasudevan Mani, Amal M. Alsubayiel, Saurabh Bhatia, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Simona Bungau
Summary: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by dysregulated inflammatory reactions and T lymphocyte invasion into the joints. Research suggests that the Rho enzyme family and the ROCK regulatory cascade play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, with ROCK activation observed in RA patients and blocking ROCK showing potential for reducing inflammatory cytokines.
INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Taslim A. Al-Hilal, Mohammad Anwar Hossain, Ahmed Alobaida, Farzana Alam, Ali Keshavarz, Eva Nozik-Grayck, Kurt R. Stenmark, Nadezhda A. German, Fakhrul Ahsan
Summary: The study developed a hypoxia-activated prodrug of fasudil that selectively suppresses ROCK activity under hypoxic conditions, exhibiting antiproliferative effects on disease-afflicted pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. The prodrug has a long plasma half-life and does not affect systemic blood pressure.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qing Pei, Wei Ni, Yihang Yuan, Jing Yuan, Xiong Zhang, Min Yao
Summary: This study shows that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) can attenuate septic lung injury and reduce apoptosis by interacting with KANK2.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xinmin Zhao, Mengmeng Wang, Zhaorui Sun, Suyuan Zhuang, Wei Zhang, Zhizhou Yang, Xiaoqin Han, Shinan Nie
Summary: The study revealed that miR-139-5p alleviated sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by suppressing its downstream target ROCK1, indicating the promising therapeutic potential of miR-139-5p in treating sepsis-induced ALI.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Josep Bringue, Raquel Guillamat-Prats, Maria Luisa Martinez, Eva Torrents, Marta Camprubi-Rimblas, Lluis Blanch, Antonio Artigas
Summary: The study showed that a single, low dose of MTX can protect against sepsis-induced lung damage by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreasing infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung, and regulating adenosine receptor A2aR and metalloproteinases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yosuke Nagai, Keiichiro Matoba, Hideji Yako, Shinji Ohashi, Kensuke Sekiguchi, Etsuko Mitsuyoshi, Kazunori Sango, Daiji Kawanami, Kazunori Utsunomiya, Rimei Nishimura
Summary: The activation of small GTPase Rho and its effector Rho-kinase (ROCK) in the diabetic kidney has been shown to play an important role in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. This study demonstrates that inhibiting the isoform ROCK1 can restore fatty acid oxidation in the glomeruli. The inhibition of ROCK1 optimizes fatty acid utilization and redox balance in mesangial cells through AMPK phosphorylation and induction of PGC-1a, suggesting ROCK1 as a promising therapeutic target for diabetic kidney disease.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chengyu Xiang, Yi Yan, Dingguo Zhang
Summary: The study demonstrates that fasudil has a protective effect on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell senescence through targeting the RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Federico Carbone, Luca Liberale, Alberto Preda, Thomas Hellmut Schindler, Fabrizio Montecucco
Summary: The onset of cardiomyopathy in sepsis is a common feature that affects its pathophysiology and clinical care. However, there is a lack of consensus in the definition of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, and the wide range of ultrasonographic findings may not fully reflect the understanding of the condition. This review explores the current state of research on sepsis-related cardiomyopathy, highlighting the shortcomings in its definition and discussing the dynamic changes in cardiac performance in response to different hemodynamic clusters. The review also addresses the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial dysfunction and their similarities to myocardial hibernation.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zhi-Bing Li, Guang-Cai Li, Jing Qin
Summary: The study demonstrated that dexmedetomidine reverses lung injury in toxic shock rats by inhibiting inflammation and autophagy. Dexmedetomidine treatment significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines and decreased the expression of autophagy-related proteins, resulting in an attenuation of lung injury in rats with toxic shock.
ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Keiichiro Matoba, Kensuke Sekiguchi, Yosuke Nagai, Yusuke Takeda, Hiroshi Takahashi, Tamotsu Yokota, Kazunori Utsunomiya, Rimei Nishimura
Summary: ROCK plays a critical role in diabetic nephropathy, with its substrate MYPT1 showing increased phosphorylation in affected patients. Analysis of patients with diabetes treated with fasudil revealed a reduction in proteinuria and potential renal protective effects.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pratap Karki, Konstantin G. Birukov
Summary: Previous studies have focused on the pro-inflammatory and barrier disruptive effects of lipid oxidation products in chronic vascular inflammation related to atherosclerosis, but recent evidence suggests that certain oxidized phospholipids actually have barrier protective and anti-inflammatory properties in the lung vascular endothelium. Among these, oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachdonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine has been shown to enhance endothelial cell barrier properties and protect against vascular permeability induced by various agonists. Additionally, signaling mechanisms involving cytoskeletal remodeling play a significant role in the regulation of endothelial barrier function by oxidized phospholipids.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tetsu Kimura, Yuta Horikoshi, Chika Kuriyagawa, Yukitoshi Niiyama
Summary: Ischemic strokes (IS) and spinal cord injuries (SCI) are major causes of disability. The up-regulation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway contributes to neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, astrogliosis, and axon growth inhibition in IS and SCI. Inhibiting the Rho/ROCK pathway with miRNAs alleviates apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and axon growth inhibition in IS and SCI. Further studies are required to explore the significance of ncRNAs in IS and SCI and to establish new strategies for preventing and treating these devastating diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Yingchun Xiang, Yumiao Niu, Yacong Xie, Shishuo Chen, Feng Zhu, Weida Shen, Ling-Hui Zeng
Summary: The study investigated the phosphorylation levels of the RhoA/Rho kinase pathway in response to KA treatment, and found that KA induces activation of the pathway leading to inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Pretreatment with fasudil reversed this effect, suggesting that inhibiting the RhoA/Rho kinase pathway may be a potential treatment for seizure-induced neurite injury.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lingli Li, Fen Deng, Haijun Qiu, Yao Li, Zan Gong, Lei Wang, Jingjie Wang, Wencan Wu, Kaihui Nan
Summary: Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a significant cause of vision loss, with no established treatment available to restore the damaged optic nerve. The development of a drug-encapsulated bi-layered depot (DBP) shows promise as a local therapy to protect RGCs and promote axon regeneration. In rat models, direct implantation of DBP at the injured optic nerve reduces inflammation and RGC death while increasing the expression of nerve growth-related protein GAP-43.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Ari Moskowitz, Katherine M. Berg, Anne V. Grossestreuer, Lakshman Balaji, Xiaowen Liu, Michael N. Cocchi, Maureen Chase, Michelle Ng Gong, Jonathan Gong, Samir M. Parikh, Long Ngo, Noa Berlin, Michael W. Donnino
Summary: Thiamine supplementation does not significantly attenuate kidney injury in patients with septic shock, but it does increase ICU-free days.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Surgery
Meghal Shah, Tejas S. Sathe, Sukriti Bansal, Anai N. Kothari, Sophie Dream
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Letter
Surgery
Zafer Turkyilmaz, Ramazan Karabulut, Kaan Sonmez
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Letter
Surgery
Priyanka Jadhav, Gerald Gollin
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Surgery
Kheira Hireche, Ludovic Canaud, Pierre Antoine Peyron, Linda Sakhri, Isabelle Serres, Sanaa Kamel, Youcef Lounes, Thomas Gandet, Pierre Alric
Summary: This study evaluated the elastic properties of commonly used vascular substitutes for pulmonary artery replacement and compared their compliance and stiffness indexes to human pulmonary artery. The results showed that allogenic arterial grafts appeared to be the most suitable vascular substitutes in terms of compliance and stiffness for PA replacement.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Margaret Siu, Aixa Perez Coulter, Heather M. Grant, Reginald Alouidor, Michael Tirabassi
Summary: There is no significant difference in adverse respiratory events between intubated, critically ill patients requiring operative intervention who are kept NPO for 6 hours or longer compared to those kept NPO for less than 6 hours. Patients commonly experience periods of fasting much longer than the recommended 6-hour period by the American Society of Anesthesiologists.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Whitney Elks, Allison G. McNickle, Matthew Kelecy, Kavita Batra, Shirley Wong, Shawn Wang, Lisa Angotti, Deborah A. Kuhls, Charles St Hill, Syed F. Saquib, Paul J. Chestovich, Douglas R. Fraser
Summary: This study aimed to compare the effects of early and late enteral feeding after PEG placement on achieving nutritional therapy goals and adverse outcomes. The results showed that patients with early initiation of feeds achieved a higher percentage of goals on day 0 without an increased rate of adverse events.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Manisha B. Bhatia, Cassandra M. Anderson, Abdiwahab N. Hussein, Brian Opondo, Nereah Aruwa, Otieno Okumu, Sarah G. Fisher, Tasha Sparks Joplin, JoAnna L. Hunter-Squires, Brian W. Gray, Peter W. Saula
Summary: This study aimed to understand postoperative pediatric nutrition practices in Kenya and the United States. The results showed that in the United States, patients initiated enteral nutrition earlier and had shorter hospital stays. However, in Kenya, patients initiated enteral nutrition earlier but had no significant difference in hospital stays.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
David P. Stonko, Joseph Edwards, Hossam Abdou, Rebecca Treffalls, Patrick Walker, Jonathan J. Morrison
Summary: Raising mean arterial pressure (MAP) >90 mmHg with norepinephrine can increase gastroduodenal artery (GDA) flow and delay bowel ischemia.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
David R. Mann, Kathryn E. Engelhardt, Barry C. Gibney, Macelyn E. Batten, Eric C. Klipsch, Rupak Mukherjee, Ian C. Bostock
Summary: Pathologic upstaging is associated with decreased overall survival in cT1b esophageal cancer. Esophagectomy has better survival outcomes compared to endoscopic local tumor excision. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy does not improve overall survival in cT1b lesions.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Ross Mudgway, Zachary Tran, Juan C. Quispe Espiritu, Woo Bin Bong, Hayden Schultz, Vamsi Vemireddy, Aarthy Kannappan, Marcos Michelotti, Kaushik Mukherjee, Jeffrey Quigley, Keith Scharf, Daniel Srikureja, Sharon S. Lum, Esther Wu
Summary: Comparison of medium-term outcomes between robotic-assisted cholecystectomy (RC) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) using validated quality of life (QoL) and pain assessments did not show significant differences.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Ningjie Chen, Haitao Wang, Yang Shao, Jincun Yang, Guodong Song
Summary: This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of activated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) prepared from elderly individuals and young adults in treating pressure ulcers (PUs). The results showed that PRP from young adults had higher platelet concentrations and greater production of growth factors, leading to better wound healing.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Brendin R. Beaulieu-Jones, Margaret T. Berrigan, Kortney A. Robinson, Jayson S. Marwaha, Tara S. Kent, Gabriel A. Brat
Summary: Introduction: Prescription opioids, including those prescribed after surgery, have greatly contributed to the US opioid epidemic. Educating opioid prescribers is a crucial component of ensuring the safe use of opioids among surgical patients. This study implemented an annual education curriculum for new surgical prescribers, resulting in significant improvements in knowledge and comfort levels. However, there remains a persistent knowledge and comfort gap among these prescribers.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Sneha G. Bhat, Madhuri Nagaraj, Courtney Balentine, Timothy Hogan, Jennie Meier, Hillary Prince, Kareem Abdelfattah, Herbert Zeh, Benjamin Levi
Summary: This pilot study examined the effects of a structured mental fitness program on academic surgeons and found significant improvement in Positive Intelligence (PQ) scores, as well as increased connectedness and shared language among participants. However, there were no significant changes in sleep, well-being, or teaching evaluations.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Surgery
Kristin E. Cox, Michael A. Turner, Siamak Amirfakhri, Thinzar M. Lavin, Mojgan Hosseini, Pradipta Ghosh, Marygorret Obonyo, Takashi Murakami, Robert M. Hoffman, Paul J. Yazaki, Michael Bouvet
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of using humanized anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibodies conjugated with near-infrared dyes to specifically label gastric cancers in mouse models. Orthotopic models showed bright and specific labeling with more than ten times higher tumor-to-background ratios compared to the control. This tumor-specific fluorescent antibody has promising potential as a clinical tool for improving visualization of gastric cancer margins during surgical resection.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Surgery
Sarah Maki, Melissa Leon, Emily Glenn, Tiffany Tanner, Crystal Krause
Summary: This scoping review analyzed the literature on the use of broadband personality tests in the bariatric surgical population to optimize weight loss outcomes. The study found significant associations between personality scales and weight loss, but inconsistent reporting of outcome measures made it challenging to draw concrete conclusions. The American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery recommends standardization of outcome reporting to improve the reliability of predicting weight loss outcomes.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH
(2024)