Article
Plant Sciences
Gaetano Bentivenga, Alfio Spina, Karim Ammar, Maria Allegra, Santa Olga Cacciola
Summary: A study was conducted at CIMMYT in Mexico and in southern and northern Italy to test the Fusarium head blight (FHB) susceptibility of 35 Italian durum wheat cultivars, with 16 cultivars re-tested in the 2019-20 cropping season. The majority of tested cultivars were found to be susceptible to FHB, with the exception of a few moderately susceptible ones. Factors contributing to this difference in susceptibility included plant height and flowering biology.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Valerie Nicaise, Sylvain Chereau, Laetitia Pinson-Gadais, Marie-Noelle Verdal-Bonnin, Christine Ducos, Melanie Jimenez, Cecile Coriou, Sylvie Bussiere, Thierry Robert, Christophe Nguyen, Florence Richard-Forget, Jean-Yves Cornu
Summary: This study investigates the interaction between cadmium (Cd) and Fusarium graminearum in durum wheat, finding that Cd reduces the concentration of deoxynivalenol (DON) in grains by enhancing plant resistance to the fungus, while F. graminearum infection increases the Cd concentration in grains by affecting nutrient allocation and grain sink strength.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Elias Alisaac, Anna Rathgeb, Petr Karlovsky, Anne-Katrin Mahlein
Summary: The study found that F. graminearum grows downward within infected wheat spikes and DON accumulation is largely confined to the colonized tissue. Additionally, F. graminearum was able to infect wheat kernels and cause mycotoxin contamination even when inoculated 25 days after anthesis.
Article
Agronomy
Nachaat Sakr
Summary: The study demonstrated that supplying silicon through soil and foliar applications can enhance the resistance of wheat against fungal diseases, particularly Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogens. The application of silicon had a significant impact on moderately resistant wheat varieties, suggesting its potential as a valuable tool in disease management.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jakub Pastuszak, Anna Szczerba, Michal Dziurka, Marta Hornyak, Przemyslaw Kopec, Marek Szklarczyk, Agnieszka Plazek
Summary: This study identified physiological or biochemical markers of durum wheat resistance to F. culmorum, helping to formulate a strategy for rapid evaluation of disease severity and selection of plants with higher level of resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mengmeng Kong, Jing Liang, Qurban Ali, Wen Wen, Huijun Wu, Xuewen Gao, Qin Gu
Summary: 5-methoxyindole, a cost-effective homolog of melatonin, exhibits strong antifungal activity against F. graminearum by inhibiting its growth, conidia germination, and inducing cell death. The mechanism involves malformation, ROS accumulation, and downregulation of genes related to scavenging reactive oxygen species in F. graminearum. This study presents 5-methoxyindole as a potential compound for protecting wheat plants from F. graminearum infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Chanjing Feng, Xinyu Cao, Yanfei Du, Yitong Chen, Kaiyun Xin, Jingwen Zou, Qiaojun Jin, Jin-Rong Xu, Huiquan Liu
Summary: A-to-I RNA editing is a crucial epigenetic phenomenon for sexual reproduction in fungi. Deciphering the cis-regulatory elements of A-to-I RNA editing can help elucidate the editing mechanism and develop an accurate model for predicting RNA editing.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Urszula Wachowska, Wioletta Pluskota, Katarzyna G. Lowacka, Kinga Szablewska-Stuper, Margaret Balcerzak
Summary: The aim of this study was to analyze the concentrations of trichothecenes in durum wheat grain and changes in the F. graminearum transcriptome under the influence of the Debaryomyces hansenii antagonistic yeast strain. The results showed that Debaryomyces hansenii suppressed the spread of F. graminearum and decreased the content of trichothecenes. However, Debaryomyces hansenii had no effect on the biosynthesis pathway of trichothecenes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jasim Basheer, Pavol Vadovic, Olga Samajova, Pavol Melicher, George Komis, Pavel Krenek, Michaela Kralova, Tibor Pechan, Miroslav Ovecka, Tomas Takac, Jozef Samaj
Summary: Through TALEN-based knockout of HvMPK3, barley roots gain resistance against Fusarium root rot, possibly by inhibiting hyphal penetration, mitigating ROS production, and enhancing suberin accumulation in the root cell wall.
Article
Agronomy
A. Mare, W. H. P. Boshoff, L. Herselman
Summary: This study successfully transferred and produced wheat lines with different combinations of three major FHB resistance genes/QTL. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization showed that wheat lines with resistance genes/QTL had lower FHB infection levels compared to those without. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed the usefulness of these methods. Wheat lines with high levels of FHB resistance were identified, which can be used in future breeding programs and field trials.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Florian Rocher, Tarek Alouane, Geraldine Philippe, Marie-Laure Martin, Philippe Label, Thierry Langin, Ludovic Bonhomme
Summary: This study used RNA-seq technology to reveal the expression patterns of key genes and their potential targets in the interaction between wheat and the pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. Through analysis of different wheat cultivars and pathogen strains, several genes that may be related to wheat susceptibility to the pathogen were identified. The results shed light on a highly conserved parasite strategy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yang Liu, Nannan Han, Sheng Wang, Can Chen, Jie Lu, Muhammad Waheed Riaz, Hongqi Si, Genlou Sun, Chuanxi Ma
Summary: The study identified a total of 277 TaXI genes from the wheat genome database, unevenly distributed on 21 chromosomes. These genes were divided into six subfamilies, with the six cloned genes belonging to the XI-2 subfamily. The TaXI gene family contains conserved motifs and plays important roles in wheat growth and response to various stresses.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Qianglan Huang, Peigao Luo
Summary: The study found that leaf cutting can reduce the damage caused by Fusarium graminearum and decrease the number of diseased spikelets, partially compensating for the yield loss due to infection. Leaf cutting has differential effects on photosynthesis parameters between wheat genotypes with different resistances to FHB, potentially affecting the balance between energy sources and sinks.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Waldo Deroo, Larissa De Troyer, Frederic Dumoulin, Sarah De Saeger, Marthe De Boevre, Steven Vandenabeele, Leen De Gelder, Kris Audenaert
Summary: This work presents an alternative workflow for discovering bacterial biocontrol agents against Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat. By enriching and isolating bacterial strains through multiple cycles, researchers found that some strains were able to reduce infection symptoms and fungal biomass. However, the analysis also showed that some strains did not reduce mycotoxin levels significantly. The isolated bacterial strains have the potential to reduce the infection pressure of F. graminearum on wheat spikes.
Article
Plant Sciences
Hamza Bouanaka, Ines Bellil, Douadi Khelifi
Summary: This study revealed that there was no significant correlation between different parameters except %GI and AUDPC1. The in vitro Petri dish test can be used to predict varietal resistance against initial seed infection by F. culmorum. The complexity of resistance testing for FCR and FHB was highlighted, emphasizing the need to use multiple resistance testing protocols.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Szabina Lengyel, Christine Rascle, Nathalie Poussereau, Christophe Bruel, Luca Sella, Mathias Choquer, Francesco Favaron
Summary: The Snf1 kinase plays an important role in the virulence, nutrition and conidiation of the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. The deletion of the Bcsnf1 gene reduces the pathogenicity and growth rate of the fungus, as well as the secretion of xylanase activities. The mutants also show defects in pH regulation, asexual sporulation and macroconidia production.
Article
Plant Sciences
Angelo Gaiti, Stefano Sangiorgio, Franco Faoro, Carlo Massimo Pozzi, Giuseppe Gavazzi, Salvatore Roberto Pilu
Summary: In this study, a novel maize mutant, stocky1, with a defective cuticle was identified. The mutant exhibited a severely dwarfed phenotype and was lethal at the seedling stage. This mutant has the potential to contribute to understanding the role of the cuticle during plant development and may be relevant in the context of climate change.
Article
Plant Sciences
Valentina Picchi, Antonella Calzone, Serena Gobbi, Sara Paccani, Roberto Lo Scalzo, Alessandra Marti, Franco Faoro
Summary: In this study, the effects of chitosan treatments on the nutritional and technological quality of wheat grains were investigated. The results showed that chitosan increased the content of polyphenols and tocopherols in grains and maintained the technological quality of semolina.
Article
Plant Sciences
Isabella Busato, Oriana Bertaiola, Silvio Tundo, Chiara Guarnerio, Marco Lucchetta, Luca Sella, Giovanna Pressi, Francesco Favaron
Summary: The negative impact of conventional fungicides has led to an increased interest in safer alternatives such as plant secondary metabolites. Plant cell culture technology can provide homogeneous biomasses with specific chemical characteristics. A phytocomplex from a selected cell line of Salvia officinalis demonstrated high effectiveness against the grapevine downy mildew pathogen.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvio Tundo, Giulia Mandala, Luca Sella, Francesco Favaron, Renesh Bedre, Raviraj M. Kalunke
Summary: This study focused on the genomic organization, inhibition properties, structural properties, and plant defense mechanisms of xylanase inhibitors (XIs). It also discussed the strategies to reduce the negative impact of XIs in agro-industrial processes and their potential allergenicity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Angela Bolzonello, Laura Morbiato, Silvio Tundo, Luca Sella, Ivan Baccelli, Sergio Echeverrigaray, Rita Musetti, Marta De Zotti, Francesco Favaron
Summary: Synthesized water-soluble peptide analogs show promising potential as an effective control measure against grapevine downy mildew. These peptides demonstrated high efficacy in preventing infection and reducing disease severity in field trials without showing any phytotoxic effects. Further investigation is warranted to explore their potential as a broad-spectrum fungicide.
Article
Plant Sciences
Simon Pierce, Dario Maffi, Franco Faoro, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Alberto Spada
Summary: The functioning of plants is influenced by variation in resource economics traits and the size of plants and their parts. This study examined the relationship between anatomical traits and ecological strategies in herbaceous angiosperms. The results showed that the relative extent of different leaf tissue types correlated with Grime's Competitor Stress-tolerator Ruderal strategies. The trade-off between mechanical/fibro-vascular tissues and photosynthetic tissues was associated with the economics spectrum, while the trade-off in the midvein portion reflected the mechanical constraints of supporting large leaves.
Article
Plant Sciences
Anna Panozzo, Giuseppe Barion, Selina Sterup Moore, Francesca Cobalchin, Alberto Di Stefano, Luca Sella, Teofilo Vamerali
Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness of the fungicide Sedaxane as a seed treatment for oilseed rape. The results showed that all fungicide treatments, especially Thiram, greatly reduced the presence of Rhizoctonia DNA. Seedlings treated with Sedaxane exhibited significant root biostimulation in the presence of Rhizoctonia.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Rocco Caracciolo, Luca Sella, Marta De Zotti, Angela Bolzonello, Marco Armellin, Livio Trainotti, Francesco Favaron, Silvio Tundo
Summary: Black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), is a destructive disease affecting crucifers. Copper-based products, despite their potential negative effects, are currently used to manage the pathogen. Trichoderma spp. has been used as a biocontrol agent against various phytopathogens. In this study, synthetic analogs of the peptaibol trichogin GA IV were tested for their antimicrobial activity against Xcc and other bacteria, and one of the peptides (4r) showed effectiveness in reducing black rot symptoms on cauliflower plants. The cytotoxic activity of peptide 4r on tobacco cells was also evaluated.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hung M. Nguyen, Loan Q. Le, Luca Sella, Luke M. Broadbent, Roslyn M. Bill, Van V. Vu
Summary: This study successfully expressed MoAA16 heterologously in Pichia pastoris and revealed its cellulose-active PMO properties. MoAA16 can break down cellulose through oxidation and enhance cellulase hydrolysis, resulting in the production of more monosaccharide products. These findings highlight the potential of MoAA16 for applications in biofuel production and chemical synthesis.
ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanru Feng, Muhammad Shahedul Alam, Feng Yan, Michael Frei
Summary: Tropospheric ozone has significant effects on the remobilization and allocation efficiency of aboveground biomass and nutrients in cereal crops. Long-term ozone exposure increases straw C:N ratio and affects grain C:N ratio. Grain N concentrations increase significantly under ozone stress, but N yield declines due to grain yield losses. Various indicators of N use efficiency are reduced, indicating reduced N absorption from soil and allocation from vegetative to reproductive organs. Straw C:N ratio is not suitable for predicting wheat productivity. Nitrogen harvest index (NHI) is not affected by ozone stress, but the relationship between harvest index (HI) and NHI is changed by elevated ozone concentration.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cong Guan, Wei Li, Guoliang Wang, Ruimei Yang, Jinglei Zhang, Jinhong Zhang, Bo Wu, Run Gao, Chunlin Jia
Summary: This study characterized the expression profiles of mRNAs and ncRNAs in switchgrass under drought stress. The up-regulated mRNAs were enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, while the differentially expressed lncRNAs potentially regulated protein-coding genes. The study also constructed regulatory networks and validated the functionality of the target gene PvSS4 in enhancing drought tolerance.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juan Nicolas-Espinosa, Lucia Yepes-Molina, Fuensanta Martinez-Bernal, Miriam Fernandez-Pozurama, Micaela Carvajal
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the physiological response of broccoli leaves to abiotic stresses such as salinity and boron toxicity/deficiency. The results showed that the combined stress of salinity and boron deficiency resulted in a significant reduction in plant biomass, and the adaptation mechanisms were associated with water and boron concentration in the leaves. The expression patterns of PIP aquaporins varied among the different stress treatments, and their presence in the plasma membrane and interaction with the lipid environment played potential regulatory roles in facilitating salinity-boron stress adaptation mechanisms.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wen-Feng Huang, Juan Li, Jian-An Huang, Zhong-Hua Liu, Li-Gui Xiong
Summary: This review examines the seasonal trends of phyllosphere microorganisms in woody and herbaceous plants and explores the factors influencing these trends. While herbaceous and woody plants share some similarities and differences in their phyllosphere microbiomes, further experimental validation is needed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Changguang Liao, Hui Shen, Zihan Gao, Yunshu Wang, Zhiguo Zhu, Qiaoli Xie, Ting Wu, Guoping Chen, Zongli Hu
Summary: The novel CRF, SlCRF6, plays a crucial role in regulating tomato plant morphology, leaf development, and the accumulation of photosynthetic products.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alok Madhu, Alok Sharma, Amandeep Kaur, Kashmir Singh, Santosh Kumar Upadhyay
Summary: In this study, 15 TaMDHAR genes were identified in bread wheat and their crucial roles in antioxidants, growth and development, and stress responses were revealed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kai Zheng, Yongsheng Cai, Yanying Qu, Lu Teng, Chaoyue Wang, Jie Gao, Quanjia Chen
Summary: In this study, the whole genome identification and bioinformatics analysis of the HCT gene family were performed in G. barbadense. The results showed that the GbHCT114 gene regulates plant trichome development, which is closely related to cotton fiber quality. Gene silencing and overexpression experiments confirmed the important role of GbHCT114 gene in cotton fiber morphology, lignin content, and secondary xylem duct cell wall development. Transcriptomic analysis identified differentially expressed genes associated with lignin synthesis and fiber development.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tanashvi Seth, Sejal Asija, Shahid Umar, Ravi Gupta
Summary: Plants activate a sophisticated signaling cascade in response to pests and pathogens, with lipids playing a crucial role in mediating these defense responses. Different types of lipids are involved in cell signaling during plant-pathogen interaction and each lipid has specific relevance and contributes to specific signaling cascades. Lipid biosynthetic enzymes, including phospholipases, are involved in the production of defense signaling molecules. Lipids participate in stress signaling by mediating signal transduction, acting as precursors for bioactive molecules, regulating ROS formation, and interacting with phytohormones.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yangyang Chen, Xiao Wu, Xiaohua Wang, Qionghou Li, Hao Yin, Shaoling Zhang
Summary: 'Nanguo' pears emit a rich aroma when fully ripe, and the important volatile components are the six-carbon compounds derived from the lipoxygenase pathway. This study identified a highly expressed bZIP transcription factor that is induced during the mature stage of 'Nanguo' pears, and demonstrated its regulatory role in fatty acid-derived volatile biosynthesis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhao Geng, Haikuan Dou, Jianguang Liu, Guiyuan Zhao, Linlin Liu, Ning Zhao, Hanshuang Zhang, Yongqiang Wang, Zetong An
Summary: The overexpression of GhFB15 gene decreases the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis plants, while silencing the gene improves the salt tolerance of cotton plants. Furthermore, GhFB15 regulates the accumulation of flavonoids and the levels of ROS.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Linjun Cai, Ancheng Ma, Jiao Lei, Chongsheng He
Summary: METTL4 is identified as a plant DNA 6mA methyltransferase in Arabidopsis thaliana and plays a crucial role in regulating heat stress response.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zailong Tian, Kun Li, Yaru Sun, Baojun Chen, Zhaoe Pan, Zhenzhen Wang, Baoyin Pang, Shoupu He, Yuchen Miao, Xiongming Du
Summary: Plants have evolved a mechanism called 'stress memory' to survive in various environmental stresses. This study reveals the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying drought stress memory formation in cotton, highlighting the role of histone modification H3K4me3 in regulating transcriptional memory. It also investigates the intergenerational inheritance of drought stress memory in cotton, providing theoretical guidance for cotton breeding.