Article
Neurosciences
Nandakumar Nagaraja, Wei-en Wang, Ranjan Duara, Steven T. DeKosky, David Vaillancourt
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate whether cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) pathology mediates hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The results showed that severe CAA was associated with smaller left hippocampal volume on T1-MRI in patients with neuropathologically confirmed AD, and this relationship was dependent on APOE ε4 genotype.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Jacopo C. DiFrancesco, Lorenzo Stanzani
Summary: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common neuropathological finding in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and cortical superficial siderosis (cSS). Both CMBs and CAA are associated with progressive cognitive impairment in AD patients, providing further evidence for the interplay between neurovascular and neurodegenerative processes in AD.
Article
Neurosciences
Chih-Hao Chen, Mary Klir Khnaijer, Andrew E. Beaudin, Cheryl R. McCreary, Myrlene Gee, Feryal Saad, Richard Frayne, Zahinoor Ismail, G. Bruce Pike, Richard Camicioli, Eric E. Smith
Summary: In this study, researchers investigated whether cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is associated with subcortical atrophy. They found that CAA patients did not show substantial atrophy of subcortical volumes compared to Alzheimer's disease (AD) or healthy controls, except for the putamen. Differences in findings may be due to heterogeneity in CAA presenting syndromes or severity.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Aristeidis H. Katsanos, Vasileios-Arsenios Lioutas, Andreas Charidimou, Luciana Catanese, Kelvin Kuan Huei Ng, Kanjana Perera, Danielle de Sa Boasquevisque, Guido J. Falcone, Kevin N. Sheth, Jose Rafael Romero, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Eric E. Smith, Mukul Sharma, Magdy H. Selim, Ashkan Shoamanesh
Summary: Although statin use is not associated with the presence of cerebral microbleeds overall, it may increase the risk of lobar microbleeds formation. Further investigation within magnetic resonance imaging ancillary studies of randomized trials is warranted to explore this hypothesis.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sungyang Jo, E-Nae Cheong, Nayoung Kim, Jungsu S. Oh, Woo Hyun Shim, Hyung-Ji Kim, Sun Ju Lee, Yoojin Lee, Minyoung Oh, Jae Seung Kim, Bum Joon Kim, Jee Hoon Roh, Sang Joon Kim, Jae-Hong Lee
Summary: This study found that microbleeds in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) can lead to damage in white matter tracts and subsequent cognitive decline, while cortical thickness does not mediate the association between lobar microbleeds and cognition.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Aleksandra Stanisavljevic, Joseph M. Schrader, Xiaoyue Zhu, Jennifer M. Mattar, Ashley Hanks, Feng Xu, Mark Majchrzak, John K. Robinson, William E. Van Nostrand
Summary: Hypertension may cause significant changes in the redistribution of amyloid and the size and distribution of thalamic vessel occlusions in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA).
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yasuteru Inoue, Yukio Ando, Yohei Misumi, Mitsuharu Ueda
Summary: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) in brain vessels, leading to vessel fragility, hemorrhages, and neurological symptoms. The pathogenesis of CAA is not fully understood, but recent advances in mass spectrometric methodology have identified potential key molecules associated with CAA. Understanding the interactions between cerebrovascular Aβ deposits and these molecules may lead to the development of effective CAA therapeutics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ashwin Ambi, Aleksandra Stanisavljevic, Tiffany W. Victor, Adam W. Lowery, Judianne Davis, William E. Van Nostrand, Lisa M. Miller
Summary: Removing copper does not effectively decrease copper content in vascular amyloid deposits and may even increase the development of disease pathology in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA).
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
S. Voigt, P. C. de Kruijff, E. A. Koemans, I Rasing, E. S. van Etten, G. M. Terwindt, M. J. P. van Osch, M. A. van Buchem, M. A. A. van Walderveen, M. J. H. Wermer
Summary: Superficially located asymptomatic cerebellar macrobleeds and microbleeds are common in Dutch-type hereditary CAA. Cerebellar microbleeds are already present in the presymptomatic stage and are predominantly superficially located. Despite the high frequency of cerebellar micro and macrobleeds, CAA pathology did not result in symptomatic cerebellar ICH in patients with D-CAA.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yasuteru Inoue, Masayoshi Tasaki, Teruaki Masuda, Yohei Misumi, Toshiya Nomura, Yukio Ando, Mitsuharu Ueda
Summary: In this study, the researchers found that α-enolase (ENO1) can interact with amyloid beta (Aβ) and inhibit its fibril formation. They also demonstrated that ENO1 can disrupt Aβ fibrils and weaken their cytotoxic effects by degrading Aβ peptides. Additionally, infusion of ENO1 into mouse brains reduced cerebrovascular Aβ deposits and improved cognitive impairment. These findings suggest that ENO1 may be a therapeutic target in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA).
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hai-ling Wang, Chun-lin Zhang, Yan-mei Qiu, An-qi Chen, Ya-nan Li, Bo Hu
Summary: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are small lesions in the brain's microvessels that are linked to various neurological conditions. The exact pathogenesis and treatment options for CMBs require further investigation and research.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Aikaterini Theodorou, Lina Palaiodimou, Georgia Papagiannopoulou, Odysseas Kargiotis, Klearchos Psychogios, Apostolos Safouris, Eleni Bakola, Maria Chondrogianni, Vasiliki Kotsali-Peteinelli, Konstantinos Melanis, Athanasios Tsibonakis, Elissavet Andreadou, Sofia Vasilopoulou, Stefanos Lachanis, Georgios Velonakis, Elias Tzavellas, John S. Tzartos, Konstantinos Voumvourakis, Georgios P. Paraskevas, Georgios Tsivgoulis
Summary: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of baseline characteristics, clinical and radiological findings, and outcomes among patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in Greece. The results showed that focal neurological deficits, cognitive decline, and transient focal neurological episodes were the most common clinical manifestations, while hemorrhagic lesions were the most prevalent neuroimaging findings.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ke Lv, Yanzhen Liu, Yongsheng Chen, Sagar Buch, Ying Wang, Zhuo Yu, Huiying Wang, Chenxi Zhao, Dingwei Fu, Huapeng Wang, Beini Wang, Shengtong Zhang, Yu Luo, E. Mark Haacke, Wen Shen, Chao Chai, Shuang Xia
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the total iron burden of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and its effect on brain atrophy through the mediating effect of white matter hyperintensities (WMH). The results showed that periventricular WMH might be a risk factor for the presence of CMBs and could mediate the effect of CMBs on brain atrophy.
Article
Neurosciences
Riccardo Milani, Lucio Aniello Mazzeo, Daniela Vismara, Ilaria Salemi, Emanuele Dainese, Emanuela Maderna, Elisa Pellencin, Marcella Catania, Nicole Campanella, Giuseppe Di Fede, Giorgio Giaccone, Andrea Salmaggi
Summary: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a small vessel disease that leads to spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the elderly and is strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, iatrogenic early-onset CAA has been identified in patients who had a history of traumatic brain injury or other cerebral and extra-cerebral lesions that required neurosurgery or other medical procedures. The transmission of A beta seeds from neurosurgical instruments or exposure to cadaveric dura mater is suspected to be involved.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Itsuki Hasegawa, Yoko Hirayoshi, Shinobu Minatani, Toshikazu Mino, Akitoshi Takeda, Yoshiaki Itoh
Summary: This study explored the in vivo dynamics of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the perivascular space of the cerebral cortex in mice. The researchers observed the accumulation of Aβ in the localized perivascular space and found that transportation along the vessels was slow and associated with changes in shape. The study also confirmed the transportation of Aβ between the cortical surface and the deeper parenchyma through the perivascular space.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chikako Watano, Yuri Shiota, Keiichi Onoda, Abdullah Md Sheikh, Seiji Mishima, Eri Nitta, Shozo Yano, Shuhei Yamaguchi, Atsushi Nagai
JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION
(2018)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Chikashi Matsuda, Yuri Shiota, Abdullah Md Sheikh, Ryota Okazaki, Kazuo Yamada, Shozo Yano, Toshikazu Minohata, Ken-ichi Matsumoto, Shuhei Yamaguchi, Atsushi Nagai
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2018)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yasuko Wada, Atsushi Nagai, Abdullah Md Sheikh, Keiichi Onoda, Masaharu Terashima, Yuri Shiota, Asuka Araki, Shuhei Yamaguchi
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2018)
Article
Neurosciences
Abdullah Md. Sheikh, Shozo Yano, Shingo Mitaki, Md. Ahsanul Haque, Shuhei Yamaguchi, Atsushi Nagai
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rei Fujishiro, Hayato Sonoyama, Yuki Ide, Takuya Fujimura, Ryo Sasai, Atsushi Nagai, Shigeki Mori, Nichole E. M. Kaufman, Zehua Zhou, M. Graca H. Vicente, Takahisa Ikeue
JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Shingo Mitaki, Atsushi Nagai, Yasuko Wada, Keiichi Onoda, Abdullah Md Sheikh, Erika Adachi, Ken-ichi Matsumoto, Shuhei Yamaguchi
Article
Cell Biology
Abdullah Md. Sheikh, Shozo Yano, Shatera Tabassum, Koji Omura, Asuka Araki, Shingo Mitaki, Yoshie Ito, Shuai Huang, Atsushi Nagai
Summary: AMS mice with a mutation in the Nna1 gene exhibit ataxia and male sterility. Decreased NNA1 levels and increased glutamylation in the cerebellum may contribute to early Purkinje cell degeneration in AMS mice.
Article
Neurosciences
Abul Kalam Azad, Abdullah Md. Sheikh, Md. Ahsanul Haque, Harumi Osago, Hiromichi Sakai, Abu Zaffar Shibly, Shozo Yano, Makoto Michikawa, Shahdat Hossain, Shatera Tabassum, A. Garu, Xiaojing Zhou, Yuchi Zhang, Atsushi Nagai
Summary: The study investigated the time-dependent changes of plasmalogens in the hippocampus of an AD model mouse, finding that plasmalogen-ethanolamine levels increased at 9 months and decreased at 15 months in J20 mice, potentially counteracting ROS levels and promoting phagocytosis.
Article
Biology
Katsuhiko Kadota, Keiichi Onoda, Satoshi Abe, Chizuko Hamada, Shingo Mitaki, Hiroaki Oguro, Atsushi Nagai, Hajime Kitagaki, Shuhei Yamaguchi
Summary: Using multi-scale entropy analysis of rs-fMRI data can differentiate between PSP and MSA, with PSP patients showing more severe cognitive impairment and reduced complexity of BOLD signals in the prefrontal cortex.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaojing Zhou, Abdullah Md. Sheikh, Ken-ichi Matsumoto, Shingo Mitaki, Abu Zaffar Shibly, Yuchi Zhang, A. Garu, Shozo Yano, Atsushi Nagai
Summary: Through proteomic analysis of urine exosomes in AD model mice, we identified proteins related to lipid metabolism and A beta metabolism in the early stages of AD, providing new insights into the underlying pathological mechanism of early AD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jubo Bhuiya, Yoshitomo Notsu, Hironori Kobayashi, Abu Zaffar Shibly, Abdullah Md. Sheikh, Ryota Okazaki, Kazuto Yamaguchi, Atsushi Nagai, Toru Nabika, Takafumi Abe, Masayuki Yamasaki, Minoru Isomura, Shozo Yano
Summary: Recent evidence suggests that trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of L-carnitine and choline, is linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. However, Japanese people who consume lots of fish, which is high in TMAO, show a low risk of atherosclerosis. This study found that TMAO was not a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis in elderly Japanese people, while a low level of trimethyllysine (TML) might be a potential risk. L-carnitine may be a marker for atherosclerosis in women.
Article
Neurosciences
Satoshi Abe, Keiichi Onoda, Masahiro Takamura, Eri Nitta, Atsushi Nagai, Shuhei Yamaguchi
Summary: This study examined whether there were changes in feedback-related negativity (FRN) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during a gambling task. The results showed that the MCI group had a significantly larger FRN amplitude than the healthy elderly group, but there was no group difference in FRN latency. Furthermore, the FRN amplitude was positively correlated with the mini-mental state examination score. These findings suggest that monitoring dysfunction might also be involved in the prodromal stage of dementia.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abu Zaffar Shibly, Abdullah Md. Sheikh, Makoto Michikawa, Shatera Tabassum, Abul Kalam Azad, Xiaojing Zhou, Yuchi Zhang, Shozo Yano, Atsushi Nagai
Summary: Amyloid beta (A beta) peptide is deposited in the brains of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to impaired vessel-dependent clearance. Time-dependent cerebrovascular changes were found in AD model mice, with A beta appearing in vessels from 3 months and vessel density decreasing at 9 months in J20 mice. Decreased claudin-5 and increased VEGF expression were observed throughout the study.
Meeting Abstract
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sayo Koike, Shozo Yano, Sayuri Tanaka, M. Abdullah Sheikh, Atsushi Nagai, Toshitsugu Sugimoto
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shingo Mitaki, Atsushi Nagai, Hiroaki Oguro, Shuhei Yamaguchi
CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2017)
Article
Neurosciences
Adam Vacek, Grant Mair, Philip White, Philip M. Bath, Keith W. Muir, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Chloe Martin, David Dye, Francesca M. Chappell, Ruediger von Kummer, Malcolm Macleod, Nikola Sprigg, Joanna M. Wardlaw
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of e-ASPECTS software in delineating the extent of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on brain CT scans. The results showed that the software achieved excellent or good delineation of ICH extent in 71% of cases. However, it was more likely to over- or under-estimate the extent when ICH was more extensive, intraventricular, or extra-axial.
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Mathias Jacobsen Bach, Audrone Jakubauskaite, Ian Law, Otto Molby Henriksen, Inger Havsteen, Alexander Cuculiza Henriksen, Sverre Rosenbaum, Lisbeth Marner
Summary: This study found that the rCBFacz value after ACZ challenge can serve as an important indicator for predicting future cerebrovascular events, with high accuracy and prognostic value.
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Tak Kyu Oh, Saeyeon Kim, In-Ae Song
Summary: The study found that many survivors of nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage in South Korea experience unemployment, decreased household income, and newly acquired disability after intensive care unit admission. However, these changes are not associated with 2-year all-cause mortality.
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Eduardo Sousa de Melo, Rodrigo de Paiva Bezerra, Arthur Cesario de Holanda, Maria Junia Lira e Silva, Paloma Peter Travassos, Tayne Fernanda Lemos da Silva, Genova Maria de Azevedo Oliveira, Silvia Marinho Martins Alves, Carolina de Araujo Medeiros, Maria das Neves Dantas da Silveira Barros, Wilson Alves de Oliveira, Gisele Sampaio Silva, Luciana Patrizia Alves de Andrade Valenca
Summary: Cardiac involvement has been found to be the predominant factor correlated with stroke in Chagas disease. While atherosclerosis-related risk factors are prevalent, their influence on ischemic stroke in Chagas disease appears limited.
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Pingping Zheng, Ning Zhang, Zixi Chen
Summary: This case presents a rare infectious cause of stroke and air embolism involving a pulmonary abscess and pulmonary vein thrombosis. Early detection, diagnosis, and appropriate treatment of infected systemic embolism in young patients are crucial to prevent serious complications.
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Filippo Luca Gurgoglione, Luigi Vignali, Maria Alberta Cattabiani, Emilia Solinas, Giorgio Benatti, Iacopo Tadonio, Federico Barocelli, Chiara Dizdari, Domenico Tuttolomondo, Diego Ardissino, Francesco Nicolini, Giampaolo Niccoli
Summary: The incidence of recurrent ischemic neurological events after transcatheter patent foramen ovale closure is relatively low. Obesity, Risk of Paradoxical Embolism score < 7, and migraine are independent positive predictors of recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack.
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Angelo Cascio Rizzo, Ghil Schwarz, Amedeo Cervo, Giuditta Giussani, Chiara Ceresa, Antonella Gatti, Fausto De Angeli, Cristina Motto, Angelo Guccione, Rachele Tortorella, Giuseppe Granata, Claudia Rollo, Antonio Macera, Mariangela Piano, Guglielmo Pero, Elio Clemente Agostoni
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment (EVT) in primary and EVT-induced secondary medium-vessel occlusions (MeVO). The results showed that primary MeVO had poorer outcomes in terms of complications, EVT efficacy, and the proportion of patients with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0-2 at 3 months compared to exclusive large-vessel occlusion (LVO). However, EVT-induced secondary MeVO showed similar safety and efficacy outcomes as exclusive LVO and had better outcomes in terms of mRS 0-2 compared to primary MeVO.
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Zhang, Chenming Wei, Jian Wu
Summary: This case report describes a patient with Bloom syndrome who developed acute cerebral infarction along with elevated antiphospholipid antibodies, suggesting a possible association between immune and coagulation abnormalities caused by Bloom syndrome and the development of acute cerebral infarction.
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Yunxia Zhou, Shenglan He, Yanhong Hu
Summary: Compared with clopidogrel, DAPT with ticagrelor plus aspirin was associated with significantly lower thromboembolic events without an increase in hemorrhagic events in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, according to the one-year clinical outcome analysis. However, larger upcoming trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness and safety of ticagrelor-associated DAPT.
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Edvania Andrade de Moura Silva, Ludmilla Ribeiro Batista, Marcela Aline Fernandes Braga, Luci Fuscaldi Teixeira-Salmela, Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais Faria, Iza Faria-Fortini
Summary: The study found that stroke severity is the best predictor of self-perceived manual ability at both three and six months after stroke. Age, although significant, contributes little to the prediction of manual ability.
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Sidarrth Prasad, Erica M. Jones, Mehari Gebreyohanns, Veronica Aguilera, DaiWai M. Olson, Jane A. Anderson, Sean I. Savitz, Salvador C. Flores, Steven J. Warach, Charlotte E. Rhodes, Mark P. Goldberg, Nneka L. Ifejika
Summary: This study identified the barriers and facilitators to adopting tenecteplase (TNK) as a thrombolytic treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) by conducting qualitative research with stroke clinicians in Texas. The findings suggest that providing evidence and identifying key change processes can help clinicians achieve consensus on adopting TNK for AIS treatment.
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Jeshma Jayan, Sunil K. Narayan, Yasmin Nesha Haniffa, Navin Kumar
Summary: This study investigated the effects of transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation on somatosensory evoked potentials in chronic ischemic stroke patients, finding that the real tDCS and rTMS combination results in significant improvement and is safe for use.
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Phoebe M. Tran, Cenjing Zhu, William T. Harris II, Sajeesh K. Kamala Raghavan, Agricola Odoi, Liem Tran
Summary: This study assessed the geographic accessibility of stroke rehabilitation facilities in Tennessee. The study found that rural counties had significantly longer travel distances and times compared to urban counties. Counties with high and medium stroke prevalence also had higher travel times and distances compared to low stroke prevalence counties. Therefore, addressing transportation barriers and implementing tele-rehabilitation are crucial for improving access to stroke aftercare in these areas.
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Lili Xu, Shuaiyu Chen, Jing Xu, Yanyan Shi, Zhihang Huang, Meng Wang, Ziqiao Wei, Hui Cao, Junshan Zhou, Wei Wang, Mingyang Du
Summary: This study found that the Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index (CVAI) is positively correlated with 90-day poor outcome in Chinese ischemic stroke patients after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Guangying Wu, Shuhua Li, Min Luo, Xiaotian Li, Xinghua Zhu, Junhuai Zhang, Qian He, Qian Yang, Guojiang Zhao, Shasha Luo, Zhijie Yang
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and the severity and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The results showed that serum ALP levels in ICH patients were significantly elevated and correlated with hematoma volume and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score. High serum ALP levels may serve as a potential predictor for the severity and unfavorable prognosis of ICH.
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2024)
