Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alvaro Miguel-Ortega, Julen Fernandez-Landa, Julio Calleja-Gonzalez, Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
Summary: This study investigated hormone regulation in the sport performances of elite female volleyball players and found that they have higher basal levels of testosterone and cortisol compared to healthy women, with training and competition impacting hormone levels.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mana Miyamoto, Kenichi Shibuya
Summary: This study aimed to examine potential variations in nutritional intake among female athletes during their menstrual cycle. The findings indicated that there were no notable disparities in nutritional intake across the three phases of the menstrual cycle, suggesting that female athletes may experience comparatively smaller variations in nutrient intake related to their menstrual cycle.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hamid Arazi, Shima Aboutalebi, Behzad Taati, Jason M. Cholewa, Darren G. Candow
Summary: This study found that short-term betaine supplementation can improve muscle endurance in adolescent handball players after acute high-intensity resistance exercise, and has positive effects on endocrine function.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Anesthesiology
Bram Bourgonjon, Kris Vermeylen, Niek Tytgat, Patrice Forget
Summary: This review provides guidance for anaesthesiologists in managing elite athletes in perioperative and postoperative settings. It covers topics such as preoperative evaluation, intraoperative considerations, and postoperative pain management.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alain Paris, Boris Labrador, Francois-Xavier Lejeune, Cecile Canlet, Jerome Molina, Michel Guinot, Armand Megret, Michel Rieu, Jean-Christophe Thalabard, Yves Le Bouc
Summary: The study conducted a metabolomic analysis of serum samples from 253 subjects to classify them into Low, High or Normal endocrine classes based on hormone concentrations. An original processing algorithm was developed to distinguish these classes, and the minimal sample sizes were estimated for cortisol, IGF1, and testosterone to achieve a global prediction rate higher than 99.9% in larger size cohorts.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Burcin Ugur Tosun, Ender Angin, Berkiye Kirmizigil, Mustafa Yolcu
Summary: The study found that blood flow restriction exercises can increase strength, muscle size, and ergometer performance in elite canoe athletes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jamie L. Tait, Jace R. Drain, Sean L. Corrigan, Jeremy M. Drake, Luana C. Main
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of military training on hormone levels and track their recovery during a period of reduced training. The results showed that military training decreased cortisol and testosterone levels, but testosterone returned to normal within four days while cortisol took longer to recover.
Article
Sport Sciences
Jaroslaw Krzywanski, Tomasz Mikulski, Hubert Kryszto, Andrzej Pokrywka, Tomasz Sobierajski, Marcel Mlynczak, Aleksandra Piechuta, Ernest Kuchar
Summary: The study revealed a high prevalence of COVID-19 among elite athletes, resulting in a substantial loss of training days. Vaccination against COVID-19 caused less impact and was more predictable, supporting its inclusion in prevention policies for athletes.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Irene La Fratta, Sara Franceschelli, Lorenza Speranza, Antonia Patruno, Carlo Michetti, Paolo D'Ercole, Patrizia Ballerini, Alfredo Grilli, Mirko Pesce
Summary: This study found that winners in soccer matches had lower levels of cognitive anxiety and higher self-confidence, with higher levels of OT, while losers had higher levels of C. This suggests interesting associations between OT, C, anxiety, and competition outcomes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Alison K. Heather
Summary: There is ongoing debate about whether transwoman athletes should participate in elite women's competitions. Male physiology, including increased muscle mass, stronger bones, and better cardiorespiratory systems, provides a significant advantage in athletic performance. Testosterone plays a key role in these physiological differences, and its levels in males are significantly higher than in females. Using testosterone levels as the sole parameter to determine male and female sporting divisions may be flawed, as male physiology cannot be completely altered by estrogen therapy in transwoman athletes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Michal Wlodarczyk, Przemyslaw Adamus, Jacek Zielinski, Adam Kantanista
Summary: Velocity-based resistance training provides a more accurate way to prescribe training loads for athletes to improve strength and power performance. By utilizing velocity losses and zones, neuromuscular adaptations can be induced, reducing neuromuscular fatigue and leading to improvements in body composition and performance parameters. Instantaneous feedback during training is essential for enhancing sport-specific performance and keeping athletes accountable.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Petar Mitic, Jasmina Nedeljkovic, Zeljka Bojanic, Mirjana Francesko, Ivana Milovanovic, Antonino Bianco, Patrik Drid
Summary: The study aimed to determine whether specific psychological characteristics can distinguish between elite and non-elite athletes based on their participation in the senior national team. Elite athletes were found to have higher levels of self-efficacy, emotionality, positive time perspectives, and openness to experience, while non-elite athletes exhibited the opposite traits. These results have implications for talent selection, development, and life skills enhancement in athletes.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Gacek, Agnieszka Wojtowicz, Adam Popek
Summary: The aim of this research was to analyze the personality determinants of eating behavior among elite Polish athletes. The study found that proper eating behavior increased with neuroticism and decreased with openness to experience. The Big Five personality traits explained a large portion of the variance in athletes' general index of normal eating behavior.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sean Harrison, Neil M. Davies, Laura D. Howe, Amanda Hughes
Summary: Using genetic variants associated with testosterone, Mendelian randomization analysis found little evidence that testosterone significantly affects socioeconomic position, health, or risk-taking behavior in men or women. This suggests that previously reported associations with socioeconomic position and health may be due to residual confounding or reverse causation.
Article
Sport Sciences
Okba Selmi, Ibrahim Ouergui, Danielle E. Levitt, Hamza Marzouki, Beat Knechtle, Pantelis Nikolaidis, Anissa Bouassida
Summary: The study found that an intensified training period in soccer led to neuromuscular fatigue, muscle damage, and changes in biochemical markers. Training load was correlated with recovery state and well-being among professional soccer players.
Article
Sport Sciences
Cristian Gallardo-Meza, Kristel Simon, Natalia Bustamante-Ara, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Felipe Garcia-Pinillos, Justin W. L. Keogh, Mikel Izquierdo
Summary: This study examined the effects of a 4-week active exergames training program on muscular fitness in elderly women. The results showed significant improvements in balance and mobility performance after the training, suggesting that exergames training can be an effective intervention for enhancing muscular fitness in older women. These findings are important for the development of exercise programs targeting older women.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Valentina Cofre-Fernandez, Nicol Burgos-Estrada, Vanessa Meneses-Hermosilla, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Justin W. Keogh, Ruben Gajardo-Burgos
Summary: This study assessed the effects of a specific injury prevention neuromuscular training programme on balance and lower-limb asymmetry in female competitive dancers. The results showed that the specific training programme led to greater improvements in lower-limb dynamic balance compared to the general control group, potentially reducing the risk of lower-limb injuries.
RESEARCH IN SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Primary Health Care
Christian Chavarro-Nieto, Martyn Beaven, Nicholas Gill, Kim Hebert-Losier
Summary: This study systematically reviewed and summarized hamstring strain injuries in Rugby Union. The results showed that the etiology of hamstring strain injuries is multifactorial, and professional players are stronger than amateurs, with forwards being stronger than backs. Preventive and rehabilitation strategies for hamstring strain injuries should include Nordic strength assessment and Nordic exercises.
PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Paul W. Winwood, Justin W. L. Keogh, S. Kyle Travis, Hayden J. Pritchard
Summary: This study examined the tapering strategies of weightlifting athletes. The results showed that weightlifting athletes typically used an 8.0 +/- 4.4-day taper, reducing their training volume by 43.1 +/- 14.6% and stopping training 1.5 +/- 0.6 days before competition. During the taper, athletes performed light technique work, muscular strength training, and aerobic conditioning. They stated that the purpose of tapering was to achieve rest and recovery, physical preparation for peak performance, and mental preparation.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jesse Zanker, Marc Sim, Kate Anderson, Saliu Balogun, Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen, Elsa Dent, Gustavo Duque, Christian M. Girgis, Mathis Grossmann, Alan Hayes, Tim Henwood, Vasant Hirani, Charles Inderjeeth, Sandra Iuliano, Justin Keogh, Joshua R. Lewis, Gordon S. Lynch, Julie A. Pasco, Steven Phu, Esmee M. Reijnierse, Nicholas Russell, Lara Vlietstra, Renuka Visvanathan, Troy Walker, Debra L. Waters, Solomon Yu, Andrea B. Maier, Robin M. Daly, David Scott
Summary: This study aims to develop guidelines for sarcopenia prevention, assessment, and management based on consumer values and preferences, to be used by clinicians and researchers in Australia and New Zealand. A three-phase Consumer Expert Delphi process was conducted to gather consumer opinions on sarcopenia outcomes, consultation preferences, and interventions. The consumer preferences identified in this study can guide the implementation of sarcopenia guidelines at various levels of clinical practice in Australia and New Zealand.
AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Stephen P. Fenemor, Matthew W. Driller, Nicholas D. Gill, Brad Anderson, Julia R. Casadio, Stacy T. Sims, C. Martyn Beaven
Summary: The effectiveness and retention of a passive heat acclimation protocol integrated into a female Olympic rugby sevens team training program were investigated. The results showed that passive heat acclimation can improve thermoregulation and performance to some extent, but the thermoregulatory adaptations cannot be retained after 15 days without further heat stimulus.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Christian Chavarro-Nieto, Martyn Beaven, Nicholas Gill, Kim Hebert-Losier
Summary: The Nordic eccentric hamstring test is a feasible method to assess hamstring strain injuries and bilateral strength balance in Rugby Union players. The study showed good intrasession reliability and fair intersession reliability, indicating its potential as a screening method for injury prevention.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Charlie J. Roberts, Nicholas D. Gill, Christopher M. Beaven, Logan R. Posthumus, Stacy T. Sims
Summary: A holistic support protocol led by a sports nutritionist can influence within-day nutrient intake in rugby players, but it does not significantly affect lean body mass. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of these changes in nutrient intake on performance and recovery.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jesse Zanker, Marc Sim, Kate Anderson, Saliu Balogun, Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen, Elsa Dent, Gustavo Duque, Christian M. Girgis, Mathis Grossmann, Alan Hayes, Tim Henwood, Vasant Hirani, Charles Inderjeeth, Sandra Iuliano, Justin Keogh, Josh Lewis, Gordon S. Lynch, Julie A. Pasco, Steven Phu, Esmee M. Reijnierse, Nicholas Russell, Lara Vlietstra, Renuka Visvanathan, Troy Walker, Debra L. Waters, Solomon Yu, Andrea B. Maier, Robin M. Daly, David Scott
Summary: Sarcopenia is an age-related skeletal muscle condition characterized by low muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. There is currently no international consensus on the definition of sarcopenia. The Australian and New Zealand Society for Sarcopenia and Frailty Research (ANZSSFR) developed consensus guidelines for sarcopenia prevention, assessment, management, and research through a four-phase Delphi process, involving topic experts, consumers, and evidence. These guidelines are intended for use by health professionals and researchers in Australia and New Zealand.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
David T. T. Edgar, C. Martyn Beaven, Nicholas D. D. Gill, Jennifer L. L. Zaslona, Matthew W. W. Driller
Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness of low-temperature lighting on sleep and physical performance in military trainees. The results showed that low-temperature lighting had positive effects on the improvement of the 2.4-km run and upper-body muscular-endurance, as well as some small benefits on sleep measures.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Angus R. Teece, Christopher M. Beaven, Christos K. Argus, Nicholas Gill, Matthew W. Driller
Summary: Daytime naps have been found to improve afternoon performance in professional rugby union athletes, enhancing peak power, reaction time, self-reported wellness, and aerobic performance, while reducing fatigue, muscle soreness, and perceived exertion.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alex O. Natera, Dale W. Chapman, Neil D. Chapman, Justin W. L. Keogh
Summary: This study compared the reliability and validity of RPA assessments using loaded squat jumps (SJ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ), and measured RPA using average power output, fatigue index, and percent decrement. The most reliable measure of RPA power decline was PD%CMJpeak18, and there was a weak relationship between power decline in the loaded RPA and the 30BJT assessment, suggesting different physical qualities being measured.
Review
Education & Educational Research
Danielle Lester, Gregory J. Skulmoski, Darren P. Fisher, Vishal Mehrotra, Iris Lim, Alexander Lang, Justin W. L. Keogh
Summary: This systematic review examines the drivers and barriers to the use of gamification and game-based learning among university educators. The study reveals that the main drivers include promoting student interactions and collaborative learning, providing fun and improving engagement, and user-friendliness. On the other hand, major barriers include lack of time for development, lack of proven benefits, and classroom setting issues.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Koen Wintershoven, Christopher Martyn Beaven, Nicholas David Gill, Daniel Travis Mcmaster, Peter Hofmann
Summary: Since its inclusion in the 2016 Olympics, rugby sevens has gained recognition worldwide and has seen increased participation among New Zealand youth. This study examined the competitive demands of youth rugby sevens and found that U15 players may experience greater loads compared to older U19 players.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY AND KINESIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Mohammad Rahman Rahimi, C. Martyn Beaven
Summary: Exercise has both positive and negative effects on immune function, and caffeine has been found to modulate immune function. This study discovered that caffeine ingestion can enhance exercise performance and cytokine response, leading to increased anti-inflammatory benefits of exercise.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE IN SPORT AND EXERCISE
(2023)