Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Louise Jones, Iona Johnstone, Charlotte Day, Sasha Le Marquer, Andrew T. Hulton
Summary: The study found that doses of 3 and 6 mg.kg(-1) BM of caffeine improved lower body muscular endurance in resistance-trained females, but had no impact on lower body muscular strength. This may have practical application for enhancing resistance training stimuli and improving competitive performance.
Article
Sport Sciences
Serhat Ozbay, Suleyman Ulupinar
Summary: This study found that strength-power tests performed after exhaustive exercise are more effective in discriminating between top-elite and elite wrestlers. Top-elite wrestlers exhibited higher strength and power performance in all tests, except for the vertical and horizontal jump tests, when the tests were performed after exhaustive exercise.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo, Fernando Martin-Rivera, Kazunori Nosaka, Marco Beato, Javier Gonzalez-Gallego, Jose A. de Paz
Summary: This study compared the effects of submaximal and supramaximal eccentric training on muscle structure and function. The results showed similar improvements in muscle power, hypertrophy, and hormonal responses between the two training approaches. However, only supramaximal training significantly increased single-leg jump height and one-repetition maximum strength. Therefore, the use of supramaximal loading may not be necessary for healthy, active individuals.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Karolina Grzyb, Darren G. Candow, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Patrick Bernat, Sara Butchart, J. Patrick Neary
Summary: This study examined the effects of high-repetition resistance training on muscle mass and neuromuscular performance in postmenopausal women. The results showed that training 2 or 3 days per week, with equal total weekly training volume, led to similar improvements in muscle size, strength, and endurance.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
W. N. Morley, S. Ferth, M. I. B. Debenham, M. Boston, G. A. Power, J. F. Burr
Summary: This study found that despite significant effects on muscular structure and function, different occlusion pressures in blood flow restricted resistance training did not preferentially increase strength, hypertrophy, or muscular endurance. Moderate pressure training resulted in greater deoxygenation stress. Overall, varied occlusion pressure did not significantly impact training outcomes or tissue O-2 saturation and blood lactate concentrations.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Almudena Montalvo-Perez, Lidia B. Alejo, Pedro L. Valenzuela, Jaime Gil-Cabrera, Eduardo Talavera, Alejandro Luia, David Barranco-Gil
Summary: In competitive female cyclists, short-term velocity-based resistance training (VBRT) and traditional resistance training (TRT) both led to significant improvements in muscle strength/power, with VBRT potentially resulting in greater gains in maximum strength/power.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Sarah Gephine, Erik Frykholm, Andre Nyberg, Patrick Mucci, Hieronymus W. H. Van Hees, Arthur Lemson, Peter Klijn, Francois Maltais, Didier Saey
Summary: Different functional muscle properties, including quadriceps strength, endurance, and power, are associated with functional exercise capacity in people with COPD. Among these properties, muscle power has the strongest contribution to the 6-minute walking distance and 1-minute sit-to-stand test performance in individuals with COPD.
Article
Sport Sciences
Sebastian Del Rosso, Danilo Pinho Souza, Fabian Munoz, David G. Behm, Carl Foster, Daniel Boullosa
Summary: The study aimed to explain performance and pacing during a 10-km running trial, finding that the inclusion of mechanical and metabolic variables increased the explained variance in performance. Performance and pacing can be explained by combining metabolic and mechanical variables and should be controlled based on performance levels.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Daniel Aube, Tanuj Wadhi, Jacob Rauch, Ashmeet Anand, Christopher Barakat, Jeremy Pearson, Joshua Bradshaw, Spencer Zazzo, Carlos Ugrinowitsch, Eduardo O. De Souza
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different resistance training volumes on muscle strength and mass accretion in resistance-trained individuals. The results suggest that a moderate training volume may optimize gains in squat strength. Additionally, differences in weekly set number did not impact muscle thickness and fat-free mass adaptations in individuals who can squat more than twice their body weight.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marcus Moberg, William Apro, Igor Cervenka, Bjoern Ekblom, Gerrit van Hall, Hans-Christer Holmberg, Jorge L. Ruas, Eva Blomstrand
Summary: This study found that performing leg cycling before upper body resistance exercise can induce specific genes in the triceps, without compromising the anabolic response.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
Arthur Carvalho, Felipe Miguel Marticorena, Beatriz Helena Grecco, Gabriel Barreto, Bryan Saunders
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the influence of habitual caffeine consumption on the acute exercise response to caffeine supplementation. The results showed that habitual caffeine consumption does not appear to influence the acute ergogenic effect of caffeine.
Review
Sport Sciences
G. Barreto, L. M. R. Loureiro, C. E. G. Reis, B. Saunders
Summary: This systematic review with meta-analysis examined the impact of caffeine gum on exercise performance outcomes. The analysis revealed that consuming caffeine gum within 15 minutes prior to exercise, at a dose of at least 3 mg/kg body mass, significantly improved performance for trained individuals in both endurance and strength/power exercises.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Ui-Jae Hwang, Oh-Yun Kwon
Summary: This study investigated the effects of 8 weeks of EMS training on abdominal muscle function and whether these effects could be maintained after 4 weeks of detraining. The results showed significant increases in muscle size, strength, endurance, and lumbopelvic control after 8 weeks of EMS training. After 4 weeks of detraining, muscle size remained greater than baseline, but there were no significant differences in strength, endurance, and lumbopelvic control compared to baseline measurements.
JOURNAL OF BACK AND MUSCULOSKELETAL REHABILITATION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nancy E. Murphy, Christopher T. Carrigan, Lee M. Margolis
Summary: The use of high-fat, ketogenic diets to support physical performance has gained popularity, but the impact of such diets on performance remains controversial. A systematic review of 17 studies found that while ketogenic diets may have varying effects on endurance and power/strength performance, overall they do not significantly improve or impair physical performance compared to mixed macronutrient diets. Various factors such as duration of diet consumption, training status, performance tests, and sex differences may contribute to the conflicting results observed in different studies.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Alexander T. Carswell, Sarah Jackson, Paul Swinton, Thomas J. O'Leary, Jonathan C. Y. Tang, Samuel J. Oliver, Craig Sale, Rachel M. Izard, Neil P. Walsh, William D. Fraser, Julie P. Greeves
Summary: This study found that there are associations between serum vitamin D metabolites and physical performance. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is negatively correlated with 2.4-km run time and positively correlated with muscle power, while 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) is positively correlated with run time and negatively correlated with strength and muscle power. 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)(2)D) is negatively correlated with run time. The vitamin D metabolites together explain a small portion of variance in physical performance. VDR SNPs are not associated with physical performance.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Kim Hebert-Losier, Peter Lamb, C. Martyn Beaven
Summary: This study aimed to identify the biomechanical variables related to successful placekicking in professional Rugby Union players and determine the differences between players using self-organising maps (SOM). Seven 3D biomechanical variables consistently and significantly discriminated between the best and worst placekicks. These variables can be useful for group-level coaching, but individual differences still play a major role.
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Laurence P. Birdsey, Matthew Weston, Mark Russell, Michael Johnston, Christian J. Cook, Liam P. Kilduff
Summary: The study examined the responses of International female netball players to training days requiring two sessions, and found that session order influenced neuromuscular and endocrine responses in these athletes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Fergus Nutt, Samuel P. Hills, Mark Russell, Mark Waldron, Phil Scott, Jonty Norris, Christian J. Cook, Billy Mason, Nick Ball, Liam P. Kilduff
Summary: The study compared the effects of general and cricket-specific morning priming exercises on professional male cricketers' afternoon physical and cognitive performance. Both types of exercises were found to be effective in enhancing the athletes' performance.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Blair T. Crewther, Wiktoria Kasprzycka, Christian J. Cook, Rafal Rola
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) on acute testosterone and cortisol dynamics and emotional state in healthy adults, finding that a single sub-maximal session did not significantly affect hormonal, emotional, or physiological states. However, the emergence of stimulation-specific testosterone and emotional linkages suggests that repeated effects of HF-rTMS may manifest at the individual level. This offers a potential pathway to explain therapeutic efficacy and explore interindividual variability in health-related outcomes.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Primary Health Care
Christian Chavarro-Nieto, Martyn Beaven, Nicholas Gill, Kim Hebert-Losier
Summary: This study systematically reviewed and summarized hamstring strain injuries in Rugby Union. The results showed that the etiology of hamstring strain injuries is multifactorial, and professional players are stronger than amateurs, with forwards being stronger than backs. Preventive and rehabilitation strategies for hamstring strain injuries should include Nordic strength assessment and Nordic exercises.
PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
David T. Edgar, Christopher Martyn Beaven, Nicholas D. Gill, Matthew W. Driller
Summary: This study found that wearing compression garments during a 6-week military training regime can slightly improve muscle soreness and provide some benefits to certain aspects of physical performance, although these improvements are not statistically significant.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Kim Hebert-Losier, Steven J. Finlayson, Peter F. Lamb, Matthew W. Driller, Ivana Hanzlikova, Blaise Dubois, Jean-Francois Esculier, Christopher Martyn Beaven
Summary: This study compared the running kinematics of different footwear and explored the relationship between kinematics and physiological changes. The results showed that different shoes had significant effects on ankle joint, spatiotemporal variables, and foot-ground angles during running.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
S. P. Fenemor, N. D. Gill, M. W. Driller, B. Mills, F. Sella, C. M. Beaven
Summary: This study assessed the combined effects of internal and external cooling strategies on the physiological, perceptual, and performance outcomes of elite rugby sevens athletes in hot conditions. The results showed that the combined use of internal and external cooling strategies resulted in small benefits, including reductions in body temperature, heart rate, and discomfort, as well as a slight improvement in power output.
RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Stephen P. Fenemor, Matthew W. Driller, Nicholas D. Gill, Brad Anderson, Julia R. Casadio, Stacy T. Sims, C. Martyn Beaven
Summary: The effectiveness and retention of a passive heat acclimation protocol integrated into a female Olympic rugby sevens team training program were investigated. The results showed that passive heat acclimation can improve thermoregulation and performance to some extent, but the thermoregulatory adaptations cannot be retained after 15 days without further heat stimulus.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Christian Chavarro-Nieto, Martyn Beaven, Nicholas Gill, Kim Hebert-Losier
Summary: The Nordic eccentric hamstring test is a feasible method to assess hamstring strain injuries and bilateral strength balance in Rugby Union players. The study showed good intrasession reliability and fair intersession reliability, indicating its potential as a screening method for injury prevention.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Charlie J. Roberts, Nicholas D. Gill, Christopher M. Beaven, Logan R. Posthumus, Stacy T. Sims
Summary: A holistic support protocol led by a sports nutritionist can influence within-day nutrient intake in rugby players, but it does not significantly affect lean body mass. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of these changes in nutrient intake on performance and recovery.
Article
Clinical Neurology
David T. T. Edgar, C. Martyn Beaven, Nicholas D. D. Gill, Jennifer L. L. Zaslona, Matthew W. W. Driller
Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness of low-temperature lighting on sleep and physical performance in military trainees. The results showed that low-temperature lighting had positive effects on the improvement of the 2.4-km run and upper-body muscular-endurance, as well as some small benefits on sleep measures.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Angus R. Teece, Christopher M. Beaven, Christos K. Argus, Nicholas Gill, Matthew W. Driller
Summary: Daytime naps have been found to improve afternoon performance in professional rugby union athletes, enhancing peak power, reaction time, self-reported wellness, and aerobic performance, while reducing fatigue, muscle soreness, and perceived exertion.
Article
Sport Sciences
Koen Wintershoven, Christopher Martyn Beaven, Nicholas David Gill, Daniel Travis Mcmaster, Peter Hofmann
Summary: Since its inclusion in the 2016 Olympics, rugby sevens has gained recognition worldwide and has seen increased participation among New Zealand youth. This study examined the competitive demands of youth rugby sevens and found that U15 players may experience greater loads compared to older U19 players.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY AND KINESIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Mohammad Rahman Rahimi, C. Martyn Beaven
Summary: Exercise has both positive and negative effects on immune function, and caffeine has been found to modulate immune function. This study discovered that caffeine ingestion can enhance exercise performance and cytokine response, leading to increased anti-inflammatory benefits of exercise.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE IN SPORT AND EXERCISE
(2023)