Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Shahaf Armon, Michael Moshe, Eran Sharon
Summary: Plant leaves grow in a decentralized manner, with cell deformation maintaining shape while experiencing fluctuations, as shown by high-resolution measurement of Tobacco leaf growth. These fluctuations must be regulated and correlated for flat leaf growth.
COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Taras Pasternak, Ivan A. Paponov, Serhii Kondratenko
Summary: Procedures have been optimized for direct regeneration of entire plants from shoot and root protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana, including adjustments to culture media, detection protocols, and optimization of cell reprogramming. Cell division competence was detected through DNA replication events and high cell density, and further optimized by applying glutathione to increase sensitivity to cell cycle activation by auxin. The developed protocol allows investigation into the molecular mechanism of somatic plant cell de-differentiation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meng Wang, Panpan Li, Yao Ma, Xiang Nie, Markus Grebe, Shuzhen Men
Summary: The composition of plant membrane sterols has been found to antagonistically affect auxin biosynthesis, thus influencing plant growth and gravitropism. This study sheds light on a previously unexplored sterol-dependent modulation of auxin biosynthesis during root elongation in Arabidopsis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Developmental Biology
Nathalie Boure, Alexis Peaucelle, Magali Goussot, Bernard Adroher, Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat, Nero Borrega, Eric Biot, Zakia Tariq, Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette, Veronique Pautot, Patrick Laufs, Nicolas Arnaud
Summary: Boundary domains play critical roles in plant development by regulating organ growth and morphogenesis through cell growth repression and modulation of cell wall properties. This study reveals the involvement of SPY and CUC2 in leaf boundary domain development, as they repress a common set of genes involved in cell wall loosening. Atomic force microscopy confirms that boundary domain cells have stiffer cell walls compared to marginal outgrowth.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hiroki Yagi, Kentaro Tamura, Tomonao Matsushita, Tomoo Shimada
Summary: This study reveals that the development of hydathodes in Arabidopsis is influenced by auxin biosynthesis and accumulation. Using a triple marker line, it was found that the expression area of markers for auxin biosynthesis and accumulation increased during leaf development, suggesting a correlation with hydathode size enlargement. Additionally, the auxin-related markers were expressed earlier than the hydathode development marker, providing new insights into the spatiotemporal relationship between auxin dynamics and hydathode development.
PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haiyue Ai, Julia Bellstaedt, Kai Steffen Bartusch, Lennart Eschen-Lippold, Steve Babben, Gerd Ulrich Balcke, Alain Tissier, Bettina Hause, Tonni Grube Andersen, Carolin Delker, Marcel Quint
Summary: Roots are able to sense and respond to elevated temperature independently of shoot-derived signals. This response is mediated by an unknown root thermosensor that uses auxin as a messenger to relay temperature signals to the cell cycle. Growth promotion is primarily achieved by increasing cell division rates in the root apical meristem, dependent on de novo local auxin biosynthesis and temperature-sensitive organization of the polar auxin transport system.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael Stitz, David Kuster, Maximilian Reinert, Mikhail Schepetilnikov, Beatrice Berthet, Jazmin Reyes-Hernandez, Denis Janocha, Anthony Artins, Marc Boix, Rossana Henriques, Anne Pfeiffer, Jan Lohmann, Emmanuel Gaquerel, Alexis Maizel
Summary: Plant organogenesis requires the matching of metabolic resources with developmental programs. The root system in Arabidopsis is determined by primary root-derived lateral roots (LRs) and adventitious roots (ARs) formed from non-root organs. Lateral root formation requires the activation of transcription factors ARF7, ARF19, and LBD16. Adventitious root formation relies on the activation of LBD16 by auxin and WOX11. The allocation of shoot-derived sugar to the roots affects branching, but the mechanism of LRs formation is still unknown.
Article
Plant Sciences
Huabin Liu, Qiong Luo, Chao Tan, Jia Song, Tan Zhang, Shuzhen Men
Summary: Auxin plays an important role in the coordinated development of the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat during seed development. In this study, the distribution pattern and function of auxin during Arabidopsis seed development were investigated. It was found that auxin response signals exhibited a dynamic distribution pattern, with strong signals observed at specific locations in the seed coat. Auxin biosynthesis genes and auxin carriers were identified as contributing factors to the accumulation and polar distribution of auxin in the seed coat. Furthermore, the accumulation of auxin in the seed coat was found to regulate seed size. These findings provide valuable insights and tools for improving crop yields.
Article
Plant Sciences
Kacper Dziewit, Ales Pencik, Katarzyna Dobrzynska, Ondrej Novak, Bozena Szal, Anna Podgorska
Summary: NH4+-mediated accelerated auxin turnover rates lead to transient and local IAA peaks. The distinct auxin pattern in tissues is correlated with the short and highly branched root system adaptations of NH4+-grown plants. The spatiotemporal distribution of auxin may act as a root-shaping signal specific for adapting to NH4+ stress conditions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Houjun Zhou, Haiman Ge, Jiahong Chen, Xueqin Li, Lei Yang, Hongxia Zhang, Yuan Wang
Summary: This study reveals the mechanism by which high concentration of SA affects gravitropic root growth and root hair development in plants. The regulation of PIN2 gene transcription and endocytosis of PIN2 protein are involved in this process. Exogenous SA application inhibits gravitropic root growth and root hair development by affecting auxin accumulation and PIN2 distribution.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Smolko, Natasa Bauer, Iva Pavlovic, Ales Pencik, Ondrej Novak, Branka Salopek-Sondi
Summary: Salt and osmotic stress have significant effects on the auxin metabolome and distribution, leading to changes in gene expression levels. Long-term salt stress resulted in stable auxin metabolites but altered distribution and gene expression profiles.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Hiromitsu Tabeta, Shizuka Gunji, Kensuke Kawade, Ali Ferjani
Summary: Plant leaves exhibit diverse morphological features and control their size through complex molecular and cellular mechanisms. The development of leaves involves a sequence of key events regulated by both genomic factors and environmental cues. Recent research on Arabidopsis thaliana has revealed compensatory phenomena that regulate leaf size. This review focuses on the molecular and cellular events underlying the regulation of compensatory mechanisms at the organ-wide scale, and discusses emerging mechanisms of metabolic and hormonal regulation.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jiehua Wang, Muhammad Moeen-ud-din, Shaohui Yang
Summary: Zinc has dose-dependent effects on both vegetative and reproductive growth of Arabidopsis, regulated by differences in auxin synthesis and transport. Exogenous IAA can alleviate zinc-induced short-root phenotype by affecting auxin accumulation, while mutants with deficient auxin mechanisms exhibit hypersensitivity to zinc.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ryuuichi D. Itoh, Kohdai P. Nakajima, Shun Sasaki, Hiroki Ishikawa, Yusuke Kazama, Tomoko Abe, Makoto T. Fujiwara
Summary: Stromules are dynamic membrane-bound tubular structures emanating from plastids in green plants, with potential physiological and developmental roles in stress responses and plant development. A mutant, suba1, with abnormal stromule formation in non-mesophyll tissues was characterized, revealing altered plastid morphology, impaired chloroplast pigmentation, and aberrant lipid droplet accumulation. The mutated gene, TGD5, is involved in ER-to-plastid lipid trafficking, suggesting distinct mechanisms maintaining plastid morphology between mesophyll and non-mesophyll plastids.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martin Schafer, Alan R. Pacheco, Rahel Kunzler, Miriam Bortfeld-Miller, Christopher M. Field, Evangelia Vayena, Vassily Hatzimanikatis, Julia A. Vorholt
Summary: Resource allocation affects the structure of microbiomes, including those associated with living hosts. Understanding the degree to which this dependency determines interspecies interactions may advance efforts to control host-microbiome relationships. We combined synthetic community experiments with computational models to predict interaction outcomes between plant-associated bacteria. The models recapitulated outcomes observed in planta with >89% accuracy, highlighting the role of carbon utilization and the contributions of niche partitioning and cross-feeding in the assembly of leaf microbiomes.
Article
Plant Sciences
Richard Barker, Maria Nieves Fernandez Garcia, Stephen J. Powers, Simon Vaughan, Malcolm J. Bennett, Andrew L. Phillips, Stephen G. Thomas, Peter Hedden
Summary: Root elongation is dependent on gibberellin growth hormones, which promote cell production in the root meristem and cell expansion in the elongation zone. The study showed that GA biosynthesis in roots occurs in multiple tissues, with the endodermis playing a major role in synthesis.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Holly Blake, Jessica Corner, Cecilia Cirelli, Juliet Hassard, Lydia Briggs, Janet M. Daly, Malcolm Bennett, Joseph G. Chappell, Lucy Fairclough, C. Patrick McClure, Alexander Tarr, Patrick Tighe, Alex Favier, William Irving, Jonathan Ball
Summary: The study found that students and staff in a university campus setting highly accept asymptomatic COVID-19 testing. They participate in testing to keep campus safe, contribute to national efforts to control COVID-19, and protect others. Clear communication and strategies to reduce anxiety are crucial for testing acceptance and adherence.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Matthew Reynolds, Owen K. Atkin, Malcolm Bennett, Mark Cooper, Ian C. Dodd, M. John Foulkes, Claus Frohberg, Graeme Hammer, Ian R. Henderson, Bingru Huang, Viktor Korzun, Susan R. McCouch, Carlos D. Messina, Barry J. Pogson, Gustavo A. Slafer, Nicolas L. Taylor, Peter E. Wittich
Summary: The asymmetry of investment in crop research has resulted in knowledge gaps, but by focusing on relatively underrepresented research areas with the potential to boost productivity and leveraging previous knowledge, it is possible to improve crop breeding and management decisions, making it easier to explore crop genetic resources and enhance breeding strategies.
TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Ishan Ajmera, Amelia Henry, Ando M. Radanielson, Stephanie P. Klein, Aleksandr Ianevski, Malcolm J. Bennett, Leah R. Band, Jonathan P. Lynch
Summary: Research shows that synergistic balancing of root architectural phenes can significantly increase rice yield under low nitrogen conditions, reducing economic, energy, and environmental costs. The findings have important implications for future crop breeding efforts to develop rice varieties that can thrive in low nitrogen environments.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Andrea Sartorius, Matthew Johnson, Scott Young, Malcolm Bennett, Kerstin Baiker, Paul Edwards, Lisa Yon
Summary: Lead pollution from metalliferous mines can have long-term environmental and health effects, posing risks to animals and humans. A study on free-range chickens near an abandoned lead mine found that the lead concentrations in their eggs were higher than commercial eggs, potentially posing health risks to humans.
FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nathan L. Mellor, Ute Voss, Alexander Ware, George Janes, Duncan Barrack, Anthony Bishopp, Malcolm J. Bennett, Markus Geisler, Darren M. Wells, Leah R. Band
Summary: Members of the B family of membrane-bound ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play important roles in auxin efflux in plants. This study integrates ABCB localization data into a multicellular model to predict the impact of ABCB-mediated auxin transport on organ-scale distribution. The results suggest that ABCBs enable auxin efflux independently of PINs, but PINs predominantly mediate auxin efflux when co-localized with ABCBs.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Marcus Griffiths, Jonathan A. Atkinson, Laura-Jayne Gardiner, Ranjan Swarup, Michael P. Pound, Michael H. Wilson, Malcolm J. Bennett, Darren M. Wells
Summary: The genetic basis of root system architecture and resource adaptive responses in wheat was studied using a high-throughput germination paper-based plant phenotyping system and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Significant genotypic and nitrate-N treatment variation was found for seedling traits, and a total of 59 seedling trait QTLs were identified. Transcriptomic analysis revealed gene enrichment in N-related biological processes and differentially expressed genes related to root angle response. These findings provide genetic insight into root system architecture and plant adaptive responses, and offer targets for improving nitrogen capture in wheat.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE
(2022)
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Johannes Jaeger, Nick Monk
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Riccardo Fusi, Serena Rosignoli, Haoyu Lou, Giuseppe Sangiorgi, Riccardo Bovina, Jacob K. Pattem, Aditi N. Borkar, Marco Lombardi, Cristian Forestan, Sara G. Milner, Jayne L. Davis, Aneesh Lale, Gwendolyn K. Kirschner, Ranjan Swarup, Alberto Tassinari, Bipin K. Pandey, Larry M. York, Brian S. Atkinson, Craig J. Sturrock, Sacha J. Mooney, Frank Hochholdinger, Matthew R. Tucker, Axel Himmelbach, Nils Stein, Martin Mascher, Kerstin A. Nagel, Laura De Gara, James Simmonds, Cristobal Uauy, Roberto Tuberosa, Jonathan P. Lynch, Gleb E. Yakubov, Malcolm J. Bennet, Rahul Bhosale, Silvio Salvi
Summary: Root angle in crops is an important trait for efficient utilization of soil resources. This study identifies a regulatory gene called EGT1 that controls root angle by affecting cell wall stiffness in elongating root cortical tissue. Mutations in the EGT1 gene result in a striking root phenotype with steeper growth angles in barley and wheat. These findings suggest that EGT1 plays a crucial role in exerting an antigravitropic mechanism to control root angle in cereal crops.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ernst D. Schafer, Markus R. Owen, Leah R. Band, Etienne Farcot, Malcolm J. Bennett, Jonathan P. Lynch
Summary: Root loss has a significant impact on crop development and nutrient uptake, but its effects on crop productivity are not fully understood. Different root phenotypes and soil conditions can lead to varying effects. In some scenarios, root loss can have a positive impact on shoot dry weight, while in others it can have a negative impact.
Article
Plant Sciences
Alison Tidy, Norliza Abu Bakar, David Carrier, Ian D. Kerr, Charlie Hodgman, Malcolm J. Bennett, Ranjan Swarup
Summary: AXR4 is an endoplasmic reticulum accessory protein that regulates the trafficking of auxin influx carriers AUXIN1 and LIKE-AUX2.
Article
Biology
Johannes Jaeger, Nick Monk
Summary: Modularity is crucial in adaptive complex systems, with phenotypic traits as modules that can vary independently. The genotype-phenotype map is proposed to be functionally modular, and dynamical modularity may be more widely applicable than structural decomposition. This approach provides a shared conceptual foundation for developmental and evolutionary biology, and offers a new account of process homology.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guoqiang Huang, Heng Hu, Allison van de Meene, Jiao Zhang, Le Dong, Shuai Zheng, Fengli Zhang, Natalie S. Betts, Wanqi Liang, Malcolm J. Bennett, Staffan Persson, Dabing Zhang
Summary: This study reveals the regulatory mechanism of two auxin response factors, OsARF6 and OsARF17, in controlling flag leaf angle in rice. They activate the expression of the ILA1 gene to determine leaf angle, providing new breeding targets for this key trait in rice and potentially other cereals.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Stephen Chaffin, Nicholas Monk, Julia Rees, William Zimmerman
Summary: The study investigates the changes in boundary layer properties of viscoelastic fluids flowing past a corner. It was found that if the fluid is sufficiently shear thinning, the viscoelastic boundary layer formulation fails.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Riccardo Fusi, Serena Rosignoli, Haoyu Loua, Giuseppe Sangiorgi, Riccardo Bovina, Jacob K. Pattem, Aditi N. Borkar, Marco Lombardi, Cristian Forestan, Sara G. Milner, Jayne L. Davis, Aneesh Lale, Gwendolyn K. Kirschner, Ranjan Swarup, Alberto Tassinari, Bipin K. Pandey, Larry M. York, Brian S. Atkinson, Craig J. Sturrock, Sacha J. Mooney, Frank Hochholdinger, Matthew R. Tucker, Axel Himmelbach, Nils Stein, Martin Mascher, Kerstin A. Nagel, Laura De Gara, James Simmonds, Cristobal Uauy, Roberto Tuberosa, Jonathan P. Lynch, Gleb E. Yakubov, Malcolm J. Bennett, Rahul Bhosale, Silvio Salvi
Summary: This study identified a root angle regulatory gene called EGT1, which controls root angle by regulating cell wall stiffness in elongating root cortical tissue, employing an antigravitropic mechanism.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)