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Effects of underwater treadmill training on leg strength, balance, and walking performance in adults with incomplete spinal cord injury

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JOURNAL OF SPINAL CORD MEDICINE
卷 38, 期 1, 页码 91-101

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TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1179/2045772314Y.0000000217

关键词

Underwater treadmill; Partial body weight-supported treadmill training; Incomplete spinal cord injury; Aquatic gait training; Water therapy; Gait training

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Objective: To document the effects of underwater treadmill training (UTT) on leg strength, balance, and walking performance in adults with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). Design: Pre-test and post-test design. Setting: Exercise physiology laboratory. Participants: Adult volunteers with iSCI (n = 11). Intervention: Participants completed 8 weeks (3 x /week) of UTT. Each training session consisted of three walks performed at a personalized speed, with adequate rest between walks. Body weight support remained constant for each participant and ranged from 29 to 47% of land body weight. Increases in walking speed and duration were staggered and imposed in a gradual and systematic fashion. Outcome measures: Lower-extremity strength (LS), balance (BL), preferred and rapid walking speeds (PWS and RWS), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and daily step activity (DSA). Results: Significant (P < 0.05) increases were observed in LS (13.1 +/- 3.1 to 20.6 +/- 5.1 N.kg(-1)), BL (23 +/- 11 to 32 +/- 13), PWS (0.41 +/- 0.27 to 0.55 +/- 0.28 m.s(-1)), RWS (0.44 +/- 0.31 to 0.71 +/- 0.40 m.s(-1)), 6MWD (97 +/- 80 to 177 +/- 122 m), and DSA (593 +/- 782 to 1310 +/- 1258 steps) following UTT. Conclusion: Physical function and walking ability were improved in adults with iSCI following a structured program of UTT featuring individualized levels of body weight support and carefully staged increases in speed and duration. From a clinical perspective, these findings highlight the potential of UTT in persons with physical disabilities and diseases that would benefit from weight-supported exercise.

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