Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Jonathan Dale, Heidi M. Burgess, Maureen J. Berg, Conor J. Strong, Niall G. Burnside
Summary: This study analyzed a non-engineered managed realignment site in Wales, finding that despite a decrease in topographic variability, the saltmarsh morphology became more complex over a four-year period, with sediment deposition rates between 3 and 7 cm/year. Suspended sediment concentration showed an inverse relationship with water depth, and subsurface geochemical composition reflected natural intertidal environments.
ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hannah L. Mossman, Nigel Pontee, Katie Born, Colin Hill, Peter J. Lawrence, Stuart Rae, James Scott, Beatriz Serato, Robert B. Sparkes, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Rachel M. Dunk
Summary: Increasing attention is being paid to the carbon sequestration and storage services provided by coastal blue carbon ecosystems such as saltmarshes. Managed realignment projects, like the one at Steart Marshes in the UK, have the potential to rapidly accumulate carbon. The estimated carbon emissions associated with construction are small compared to the observed carbon accumulation during the study period.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hayden A. Tackley, Barret L. Kurylyk, Craig B. Lake, David R. Lapen, Danika van Proosdij
Summary: Coastal defense structures protect vulnerable communities from the influences of adjacent water bodies. Climate change-induced sea-level rise increases the risk of overtopping and breaching. This study assesses the impact of managed dike realignment on soil salinity, showing that intermittent flooding can rapidly increase soil moisture content and salinity, adversely affecting agricultural crop production.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Weiming Xie, Jianwei Sun, Leicheng Guo, Fan Xu, Xianye Wang, Hongyu Ji, Yaoshen Fan, Zheng Bing Wang, Qing He
Summary: Coastal tidal flats are important ecosystems, but they are highly vulnerable to tidal dynamics, sea-level rise, and human activities. This study examined the hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and morphological changes on two tidal flats in the Yellow River Delta with different tidal regimes. The results showed that longer inundation periods under diurnal tides led to more sediment deposition, while semi-diurnal tides resulted in increased wave impact and tidal flat erosion due to lower water depths. These findings highlight the joint role of tidal regime and powerful waves in controlling sediment availability and tidal flat evolution. This has implications for managing erosion and restoring vegetation in the Yellow River Delta.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Saurabh Prajapati, Jonathan K. Challis, Timothy D. Jardine, Markus Brinkmann
Summary: Basin land-use and hydrology play a role in delivering chemical contaminants to riverine environments, causing harm to aquatic organisms. This study analyzed pesticide classes and trace metals in the South Saskatchewan River, Canada, revealing detections of legacy contamination in sediment and fish samples for banned organochlorine pesticides. Organophosphate pesticides were rarely detected, while herbicides were consistently detected in water samples. Exceedances of sediment quality guidelines were found for copper and zinc, and about 18% of samples exceeded guidelines for mercury. These findings contribute to filling knowledge gaps and highlighting the importance of hydrology-chemistry links for predicting future contaminant trends in freshwater systems.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Erik Kristensen, Cintia O. Quintana, Thomas Valdemarsen, Mogens R. Flindt
Summary: This study assessed the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) balance in a coastal lagoon formed after flooding of agricultural land by managed realignment, showing initial high release and tidal export of N and P in the first year(s) after flooding followed by decreasing rates. The high N and P export after implementing managed realignment of agricultural land may deteriorate environmental conditions in the adjacent marine recipients for at least 5 years.
ESTUARIES AND COASTS
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Svenja Reents, Peter Mueller, Hao Tang, Kai Jensen, Stefanie Nolte
Summary: Research on the response of salt marsh plants to sea level rise showed that low-marsh genotypes have higher aboveground biomass compared to high-marsh genotypes, and they are better adapted to higher flooding frequencies.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Brian Yellen, Jonathan D. Woodruff, Hannah E. Baranes, Simon E. Engelhart, W. Rockwell Geywer, Noa Randall, Frances R. Griswold
Summary: There is concern about rising sea levels drowning salt marshes faster than they can build elevation. Little attention has been paid to how changes in inlet geometry affect estuarine tides and marshes. A storm in 1898 created a new inlet, shortening one river and lengthening another. Measurements suggest that this caused increased high tides and frequent inundation. Sediment deposition and channel widening allowed the marshes to adjust to the increased inundation and survive rapid sea level rise.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zerihun Anbesa Gurmu, Henk Ritzema, Charlotte de Fraiture, Michel Riksen, Mekonen Ayana
Summary: Excessive soil erosion hampers irrigation schemes in sub-Saharan Africa, with river water and overland sediment inflow contributing to sediment accumulation. The revised universal soil loss equation helps simulate sediment influx in irrigation schemes, highlighting the significant impact of overland sediment inflow on excessive sedimentation and management issues.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sandra W. Thorsen, Marianne Holmer, Cintia O. Quintana, Thomas Valdemarsen, Erik Kristensen
Summary: The managed realignment of the Gyldensteen Coastal Lagoon after flooding agricultural land resulted in a succession of macroalgae and benthic cyanobacteria over 5 years. A bloom of green macroalgae dominated by Cladophora spp. occurred in the first year, followed by increased species richness and a cyanobacterial bloom controlled by declining nitrogen concentrations in the water. After 5 years, the lagoon reached a tipping point where changes in nitrogen and phosphorus ratios influenced the balance between cyanobacteria blooms and high macroalgal species richness.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xuan Wang, Yingying Zhi, Yun Chen, Nan Shen, Guoxiang Wang, Yan Yan
Summary: Evidence suggests that phosphorus deposited in sediment for many years can be released by microbial activity, causing harmful algal blooms in lakes. Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFC) have been identified as an in-situ method for limiting phosphorus release. However, the impact of SMFC on the micro-environment near the electrodes, which can affect phosphorus distribution, has been overlooked. This study successfully established SMFC systems to investigate their influence on phosphorus species and spatial distribution in lake sediments.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kevin J. Buffington, Christopher N. Janousek, Bruce D. Dugger, John C. Callaway, Lisa M. Schile-Beers, Evyan Borgnis Sloane, Karen M. Thorne
Summary: Understanding the impact of sea-level rise on tidal wetland elevation changes and carbon sequestration rates is crucial for assessing wetland loss. Through the enhanced modeling framework WARMER-2, researchers found that wetland elevation is greatly influenced by sediment availability, and areas with higher initial elevations tend to withstand higher rates of sea-level rise better than lower-lying areas.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Judith Riedo, Felix E. Wettstein, Andrea Rosch, Chantal Herzog, Samiran Banerjee, Lucie Buchi, Raphael Charles, Daniel Wachter, Fabrice Martin-Laurent, Thomas D. Bucheli, Florian Walder, Marcel G. A. van der Heijden
Summary: The study found pesticide residues in both organic and conventional managed fields, with higher levels in conventional fields. The number and concentration of pesticide residues decreased with longer duration of organic management, indicating the positive impact of organic management on soil life.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gabrielle P. Black, Emily E. Woodward, Corey J. Sanders, Michael S. Gross, Michelle L. Hladik
Summary: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an automated extraction system for pesticide analyses in solid environmental samples. An Energized Dispersive Guided Extraction (EDGE) system was used to optimize the extraction of 210 pesticides and pesticide transformation products. The method showed comparable performance to the previously validated pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) method with slightly better sensitivities.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Minghao Wang, Xiaoyang Liu, Bing Yang, Yang Fei, Jingjing Yu, Ran An, Lijie Duan
Summary: Due to rapid urbanization, industrialization, agricultural development, and mining activities, soil heavy metal pollution has become a severe issue in China. Regional heavy metal ecological risks in lakes in China vary due to different levels of anthropogenic activities and geochemical factors. The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Lake Region was identified as the most seriously affected area, while the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Lake Region and the Tibetan Plateau Lake Region had relatively low ecological risks. Geochemical factors play a more substantial role in the ecological risk of heavy metals in lake sediments compared to human activities at the regional scale.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Helen Brooks, Iris Moller, Simon Carr, Clementine Chirol, Elizabeth Christie, Ben Evans, Kate L. Spencer, Tom Spencer, Katherine Royse
Summary: Salt marshes deliver important ecosystem services, but are facing net losses globally and regionally. The ability of salt marshes to persist in a location depends on the resistance of their substrates to hydrodynamic forces, which is an area of ongoing research. Future studies are needed to systematically quantify marsh substrate properties and understand their interactions with erosion processes to better predict marsh evolution under future hydrodynamic forcing scenarios.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
James H. Brand, Kate L. Spencer
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2020)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Paul Bardos, Kate L. Spencer, Raymond D. Ward, Barbara H. Maco, Andrew B. Cundy
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Oceanography
Jonathan A. T. Wheatland, Kate L. Spencer, Ian G. Droppo, Simon J. Carr, Andrew J. Bushby
CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
John Iwan Jones, Alena Vdovchenko, Dave Cooling, John F. Murphy, Amanda Arnold, James Lawrence Pretty, Kate L. Spencer, Adriaan Albert Markus, A. Dick Vethaak, Marina Resmini
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Amanda Arnold, John F. Murphy, James L. Pretty, Charles P. Duerdoth, Brian D. Smith, Philip S. Rainbow, Kate L. Spencer, Adrian L. Collins, J. Iwan Jones
Summary: Historical mining activities have caused widespread trace metal contamination in freshwater ecosystems. This study collected freshwater biomonitors from 99 stream sites in England and Wales to investigate the variation and consistency of trace metal accumulation. Results showed significant differences in trace metal body burden between different taxa, but high consistency in trace metal accumulation among insect biomonitors.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Soil Science
Clementine Chirol, Simon J. Carr, Kate L. Spencer, Iris Moeller
Summary: The study applies X-ray Computed Microtomography to analyze the spatial structure of wetland soils, improving the detection of organic matter elements and providing detailed segmentation of pores, live roots, and necromass at a high spatial resolution. The interactions between pores and organic matter in the soil are identified, opening possibilities for applications in determining key wetland soil functions such as soil cohesivity, nutrient exchanges, and carbon dynamics.
Article
Oceanography
Margaret Kadiri, Holly Zhang, Athanasios Angeloudis, Matthew D. Piggott
Summary: The study examines the response of Swansea Bay to nutrient enrichment and tidal energy extraction, finding that the bay currently shows no signs of eutrophication. The impact of tidal energy extraction on nutrient dynamics and risk of eutrophication in estuaries requires further investigation to better understand potential ecological consequences.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Clementine Chirol, Kate L. Spencer, Simon J. Carr, Iris Moller, Ben Evans, Jason Lynch, Helen Brooks, Katherine R. Royse
Summary: The vulnerability of saltmarshes to lateral erosion is influenced by the local biogeomorphological properties of the substrate, with the 3D architecture of pore and root systems playing a key role in determining shear strength and stability. Different plant species and bioturbation activities affect the morphology of macropores, while sediment cohesivity determines structural stability. Well-connected systems of macropores may lower deformation threshold but also reduce marsh vulnerability to hydrodynamic forces.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kate L. Spencer, Jonathan A. T. Wheatland, Andrew J. Bushby, Simon J. Carr, Ian G. Droppo, Andrew J. Manning
Summary: Natural sediment flocs are complex structures with behaviors that differ from fractal theory, as new observations of their three-dimensional structures show non-fractal characteristics. Researchers propose a floc hierarchy based on three-dimensional structure and function, offering the opportunity to explore new emergence-based floc frameworks.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
B. R. Evans, H. Brooks, C. Chirol, M. K. Kirkham, I Moller, K. Royse, K. Spencer, T. Spencer
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between the presence of different saltmarsh plants and the mechanical properties of the underlying substrate. The findings showed that vegetation can enhance sediment shear strengths, but the effect varies depending on the sediment type.
ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Robert J. Nicholls, Richard P. Beaven, Anne Stringfellow, Daniel Monfort, Goneri Le Cozannet, Thomas Wahl, Julia Gebert, Matthew Wadey, Arne Arns, Kate L. Spencer, Debra Reinhart, Timo Heimovaara, Victor M. Santos, Alejandra R. Enriquez, Samantha Cope
Summary: This paper assesses the risks posed by coastal landfills to the environment and highlights several research and practice needs, including the understanding and support for the amount of waste release, regulations, erosion rates, and management methods.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Que Nguyen Ho, Michael Fettweis, Kate L. Spencer, Byung Joon Lee
Summary: Flocculation is a critical process for controlling the fate and transport of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in water environments. However, the lack of comprehensive research on the composition and structure of flocs has led to misconceptions about the dynamics of SPM. This review summarizes the current understanding of the heterogeneous composition of flocs and discusses the effects of human activities on floc composition.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
K. L. Spencer, J. A. Wheatland, S. J. Carr, A. J. Manning, A. J. Bushby, C. Gu, L. Botto, T. Lawrence
Summary: This study demonstrates that 2D approaches underestimate the shape complexity and overestimate the size and mass settling flux of natural sediment flocs. This has significant implications for estimating sediment flux in aquatic environments and has the potential to improve the accuracy of current field-monitoring techniques.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Michael Detyna, Margaret Kadiri
JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY IN HIGHER EDUCATION
(2020)