Article
Agronomy
Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo, Lourdes Macias-Rodriguez, Raul Omar Real-Santillan, Dante Lopez-Carmona, Griselda Garcia-Gomez, Ana Paola Galicia-Gallardo, Ruth Alfaro-Cuevas, Carlos E. Gonzalez-Esquivel, Miguel Bernardo Najera-Rincon, Sandra Goretti Adame-Garnica, Angel Rebollar-Alviter, Mariana Alvarez-Navarrete, John Larsen
Summary: Our study reveals novel information about the interactions between Trichoderma harzianum and Phyllophaga vetula in the maize rhizosphere, resulting in alterations in maize phenotypic plant responses and inducing root herbivore tolerance. The application of T. harzianum increases maize growth and induces tolerance against herbivore attack, while also altering the emission of root volatile terpenes.
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Jamie M. Waterman, Casey R. Hall, Meena Mikhael, Christopher Cazzonelli, Susan E. Hartley, Scott N. Johnson
Summary: The study found that silicon accumulation in plants can alleviate both biotic and abiotic stresses, particularly insect herbivory. It is suggested that silicon accumulation may be induced through activation of the jasmonic acid pathway. Additionally, the research demonstrated that increased silicon accumulation affects plant phytohormones and carbon-based defences, with this relationship also being influenced by herbivory.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Leonardo T. Salgado, Louisi S. Oliveira, Juliana Echevarria-Lima, Vanessa M. Reis, Daniela B. Sudatti, Fabiano L. Thompson, Renato C. Pereira
Summary: Laurencia seaweed species synthesize a broad range of secondary metabolites, and ABC transporters play an important role in the defense system.
Article
Plant Sciences
Monika Bathoova, Renata Svubova, Boris Bokor, Vilem Nedela, Eva Tihlarikova, Michal Martinka
Summary: The study demonstrates that silicon inhibits the growth of Alternaria alternata into sorghum root cells through biochemical defense reactions rather than physical barrier creation. Detailed microscopy observations showed that Si supplementation limits fungal hyphae penetration into root cells, without the presence of a continual solid layer of silica physically blocking the fungal growth. Biochemical evidence suggests that Si accelerates the activity of enzymes involved in phenolic compounds production and deposition in plant cell walls.
Article
Agronomy
Xoaquin Moreira, Ignacio M. Perez-Ramos, Luis Matias, Marta Francisco, Alberto Garcia-Gonzalez, Raquel Martins-Noguerol, Carla Vazquez-Gonzalez, Luis Abdala-Roberts, Jesus Cambrolle
Summary: The study found that variation in a few key soil macro- and micro-elements in coastal environments can influence seed chemical defenses in sea fennel, potentially affecting interactions between sea fennel and seed predators.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sofia Antonietti, Amelia M. Silva, Cristiana Simoes, Diana Almeida, Luis M. Felix, Adele Papetti, Fernando M. Nunes
Summary: This study compared the chemical composition and potential biological activity of high molecular weight melanoidins from instant soluble coffee and instant soluble barley. The results showed that melanoidins from instant soluble coffee contained more condensed phenolic compounds and had stronger antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities compared to those from instant soluble barley. However, melanoidins from instant soluble barley exhibited higher inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophages. In cell experiments, melanoidins from instant soluble barley showed no toxicity to the cells, while those from instant soluble coffee slightly reduced cell viability. Therefore, a diet rich in melanoidins from both instant soluble coffee and instant soluble barley may help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation levels, and provide protective effects against chronic inflammatory diseases.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
J. M. W. Ryalls, A. N. Gherlenda, R. C. Rowe, B. D. Moore, S. N. Johnson
Summary: The accumulation of silicon (Si) has anti-herbivore defensive properties in grasses, and this study shows that Si supplementation can enhance anti-herbivore properties in lucerne (Medicago sativa) as well. Si supplementation increases plant mass and root nodulation, reduces feeding success of weevils, and can stimulate multiple anti-herbivore properties when combined with jasmonic acid application.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Ecology
Sakshi Watts, Satinderpal Kaur, Rupesh Kariyat
Summary: Plants have both physical and chemical defenses, but they are still attacked and damaged by insects with different feeding habits. Trade-offs between growth and defense traits play a crucial role in deterring herbivores, but a comprehensive understanding of the integrated defense system is still lacking.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yue He, Zuodong Zhu, Qingxue Guo, Zhichao Xia
Summary: Sex-specific interactions between females and males of dioecious Populus cathayana plants were investigated in this study. Females responded to males by increasing shoot mass, while males responded to females by increasing shoot biomass. Herbivory enhanced phenolic production in leaves of both sexes, with a stronger effect in females. Additionally, jasmonic acid production was higher in females under herbivory compared to males. Field experiments showed differences in herbivore damage between pure female and male plantations, as well as in mixed-sex plantations, highlighting the importance of sex-specific interactions in plant defense mechanisms.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Edita Ritmejeryte, Berin A. Boughton, Michael J. Bayly, Rebecca E. Miller
Summary: Floral chemical defence strategies have been insufficiently studied, despite their importance to plant fitness. This study investigated the allocation of cyanogenic glycosides (CNglycs) within flowers and found extremely high CNglyc content in floral tissues of certain species, as well as diverse and specific within-flower distributions. The study also identified four patterns of within-flower CNglyc allocation and demonstrated the importance of visualizing metabolite localization.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Renato Crespo Pereira, Nathalia Nocchi, Tatiana U. P. Konno, Angelica R. Soares
Summary: Experimental studies on aquatic plants have shown that their chemical defense mechanisms are more effective against herbivory than structural or other traits. However, the feeding preference of generalist consumers like Biomphalaria glabrata is not significantly correlated with physical or chemical traits of aquatic plants, likely determined by a combination of their chemical and physical properties resulting in moderate grazing rates.
Article
Ecology
Scott N. Johnson, Susan E. Hartley, James M. W. Ryalls, Adam Frew, Casey R. Hall
Summary: Plants deploy chemical and physical defenses against arthropod herbivores, with silicon playing a crucial role in these defenses. Silicon enrichment in plants can lower JA induction levels and induce physical defenses, negatively impacting chewing herbivores. These silicon-based defenses are herbivore-specific and more effective against chewing herbivores compared to fluid feeders.
Article
Plant Sciences
Yan Wang, Kaitai Liu, Yunyun Zhou, Yong Chen, Chenzhong Jin, Yihong Hu
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between phenolic acid biosynthesis and continuous cropping (CC) in Polygonatum odoratum roots through miRNA-seq and RNA-seq analysis. Several key DEGs and DEMs involved in phenolic acid synthesis were identified, providing a foundation for further understanding phenolic acid biosynthesis during CC of P. odoratum roots.
Article
Plant Sciences
Marius Klotz, Joerg Schaller, Bettina M. J. Engelbrecht
Summary: This study found that silicon-based defenses play a significant role in deterring insect herbivores in tropical tree species. However, the uptake and defense mechanisms of silicon are influenced by external factors and vary across different species.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Peihua Zhang, Wenxing Li, Hao Qiu, Min Liu, Ye Li, Erkai He
Summary: This study investigated the herbivory status of Sedum alfredii, a Zn/Cd-hyperaccumulating plant, in both natural habitats and remediation fields, and examined the adaptive strategies of herbivores from the perspective of their gut microbiota. The results showed significant differences in gut microbiota diversity and richness between snail populations feeding on S. alfredii. The gut microbiota played a role in facilitating snail feeding by providing metal tolerance, contaminant degradation, gut symbionts, and pathogens. Co-occurrence network analysis further confirmed the facilitative effect of metal-tolerant gut microbes in coping with the high metal diet.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
