Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Wan Xie, Yang Xue, Xiaokun Song, Hongzhu Zhang, Guangjun Chang, Xiangzhen Shen
Summary: This study found that LPS activates TLR4 and inhibits FOXA2 expression, leading to NF-kappa B-mediated inflammation, ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis. Inhibiting TLR4 and increasing FOXA2 expression can alleviate LPS-induced inflammation, ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis, maintaining cellular homeostasis.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lianghui Zhan, Jingru Zheng, Jianbiao Meng, Danting Fu, Lisha Pang, Chunlian Ji
Summary: This study found that TLR4 deficiency can reduce inflammatory responses and apoptosis, improve intestinal damage, regulate intestinal flora, and alleviate LPS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Yu Chen, Hui Chen, Xiao-Chen Li, Wen-Li Mi, Yu-Xia Chu, Yan-Qing Wang, Qi-Liang Mao-Ying
Summary: Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a critical sensor involved in danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and its role in inflammatory pain is not well understood. This study demonstrates that downregulation of neuronal TLR9 in the spinal cord can prevent CFA-induced persistent hypersensitivity, suggesting it may be a potential treatment target for inflammatory pain.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Fang Li, Haoran Ke, Siqi Wang, Wei Mao, Cexiong Fu, Xi Chen, Qingqing Fu, Xiaori Qin, Yonghua Huang, Bidan Li, Shibing Li, Jingying Xing, Minhui Wang, Wenlin Deng
Summary: Leaky gut could be a trigger for the development of autism by activating the lipopolysaccharide-mediated TLR4-MyD88-NF-kappa B pathway. Disrupting and repairing the intestinal barrier improved the behavior of autistic mice and reduced inflammation.
NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Lu Xiao, Junyan Yan, Di Feng, Shasha Ye, Ting Yang, Hua Wei, Tingyu Li, Wuqing Sun, Jie Chen
Summary: Maternal LPS exposure increases TNF alpha and IL-6 levels in both maternal serum and fetal brains of WT mice, resulting in reduced litter size and weight in offspring. Activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway following maternal LPS exposure induces abnormal microglia activation in WT offspring, leading to excessive synaptic pruning and decreased synaptic plasticity, which may contribute to the development of autism-like behavior in offspring.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Luke S. Uebelhoer, Agnes Gwela, Bonnie Thiel, Sophie Nalukwago, John Mukisa, Christopher Lwanga, Justine Getonto, Emily Nyatichi, Grace Dena, Alexander Makazi, Shalton Mwaringa, Ezekiel Mupere, James A. Berkley, Christina L. Lancioni, Childhood Acute Illness
Summary: Severely ill children in low- and middle-income countries experience high mortality rates from infectious diseases, and the risk of infection-related death is compounded by undernutrition. This study found that T cell function is impaired and innate immune responses are exaggerated in acutely ill children. Nutritional status is associated with the magnitude of cytokine responses. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of innate immune dysregulation in this population.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhongkun Zhang, Jimmy Chun-Tien Kuo, Siyu Yao, Chi Zhang, Hira Khan, Robert J. Lee
Summary: This article summarizes the applications and future directions of CpG ODNs in cancer immunotherapy.
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Chao-Hui Yang, Chung-Feng Hwang, Jiin-Haur Chuang, Wei-Shiung Lian, Feng-Sheng Wang, Ming-Yu Yang
Summary: The TLR signaling pathway plays a key role in the innate immune response to systemic infection. While systemic TLR7 agonist did not significantly affect ototoxicity, TLR9 agonist exacerbated kanamycin-induced ototoxicity and inflammation in the cochlea. This study suggests that patients with viral infections may experience more severe hearing loss when treated with aminoglycosides.
Article
Immunology
Ioanna Tsioti, Beatrice L. Steiner, Pascal Escher, Martin S. Zinkernagel, Peter M. Benz, Despina Kokona
Summary: Clustering of microglia around the vasculature was observed after systemic administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the retina and brain of mice. This study investigated the effect of systemic LPS in the pigmented mouse retina and the involvement of endothelial TLR4 in LPS-induced retinal microglia activation. The results showed that activation of microglia, infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages, impaired ribbon synapse organization, and retinal dysfunction were observed after LPS exposure, and these effects were dependent on endothelial TLR4.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruonan Zhang, Xiaofeng Li, Jie Zhang, Yanjun Li, Yuan Wang, Yuhang Song, Feifei Ren, Huiyu Yi, Xiaojuan Deng, Yangjin Zhong, Yang Cao, Michael R. Strand, Xiao-Qiang Yu, Wanying Yang
Summary: Toll/Toll-like receptors play different roles in mammals and insects, with insects primarily activating the Toll pathway through binding Spatzle cytokines rather than directly recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jiqin Huang, Jianlu Zhang, Kunyang Zhang, Cheng Fang, Wanchun Li, Qijun Wang
Summary: Toll-like receptor 3 (SpTLR3) gene was cloned and identified in Schizothorax prenanti. The tissue distribution of SpTLR3 and the mRNA expression levels of SpMyD88 and seven other TLR genes were analyzed after lipopolysaccharide challenge. The results indicate that these genes are involved in the immune response stimulated by LPS and their expression levels vary in different organs.
Article
Microbiology
Alla Splichalova, Zdislava Kindlova, Jiri Killer, Vera Neuzil Bunesova, Eva Vlkova, Barbora Valaskova, Radko Pechar, Katerina Polakova, Igor Splichal
Summary: In this study, the host-pathogen interactions were investigated using the GN animal model. The results showed that previous association with RP37 alleviated intestinal damage caused by Salmonella infection, and RP37 and LA downregulated the inflammatory response.
Article
Immunology
James A. Carroll, Brent Race, Katie Williams, James F. Striebel, Bruce Chesebro
Summary: The study found that adult microglia exhibited higher reactivity to exposure to LPS or IMQ, but showed decreased expression of genes when exposed to CpG-ODN 1585. In vivo experiments indicated that microglial influences on neuroinflammation were specific to the agonist, with mice with reduced microglia showing more dysregulated responses to the TLR7 agonist IMQ.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhaoyuan Liang, Xinyue Cui, Liqun Yang, Qin Hu, Danyang Li, Xiaofei Zhang, Lu Han, Siwei Shi, Yurong Shen, Weijian Zhao, Qi Ju, Xiongwei Deng, Yan Wu, Wang Sheng
Summary: Synthetic peptides show potential for neoantigen vaccines, but face limitations in immunogenicity. By modifying neoantigen peptides and co-assembling them with CpG ODN, PCNPs were created to improve immune response and antitumor effects in colorectal cancer immunotherapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Mai Mahmoud Gabr, Iqira Saeed, Jared A. Miles, Benjamin P. Ross, Paul Nicholas Shaw, Markus W. Hollmann, Marie-Odile Parat
Summary: Recent evidence suggests that opioids can interact with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on innate immune and cancer cells, potentially influencing tumor growth and metastasis. Opioids have been shown to weakly activate TLR4 and can inhibit its activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The interaction of opioids with TLR4 is complex, involving non-competitive mechanisms and downstream effects on NF-kappa B activation.