Article
Oncology
Pavel Lobachevsky, Helen B. Forrester, Alesia Ivashkevich, Joel Mason, Andrew W. Stevenson, Chris J. Hall, Carl N. Sprung, Valentin G. Djonov, Olga A. Martin
Summary: Scattered synchrotron radiation influences the DNA damage response in non-irradiated cells, particularly in bystander DNA damage. It significantly impacts DNA damage response, with broad-beam irradiation generating distance-independent bystander DNA damage, while MRT-generated bystander response is minimal. The study also suggests a reduced response to scattered radiation in p53-null cells, but not to bystander signalling.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biology
Kwan Ngok Yu
Summary: This paper introduces the Radiation-Induced Rescue Effect (RIRE), a non-targeted effect in radiobiology, and reviews insights gained from previous microbeam experiments on RIRE. RIRE describes the mitigation of radiobiological effects in targeted irradiated cells after they receive feedback signals from co-cultured non-irradiated bystander cells or from the medium conditioning those cells. RIRE has established or has the potential of establishing relationships with other non-traditional developments in radiobiology, such as Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect (RIBE), Radiation-Induced Field Size Effect (RIFSE), and ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) effect. The paper first introduces RIRE, summarizes previous findings, and surveys proposed mechanisms for observations. Unique opportunities offered by microbeam irradiations for RIRE research and previous microbeam studies on RIRE are then described. The last section presents thoughts on future priorities and directions of research on RIRE exploiting unique features of microbeam radiations.
Article
Biology
Masanori Tomita, Masaya Torigata, Tadayuki Ohchi, Atsushi Ito
Summary: Radiation-induced bystander response (RIBR) is a response in non-irradiated cells induced by signals from directly irradiated cells. X-ray microbeams have been upgraded to produce higher energy titanium characteristic X-rays (TiK X-rays) for studying RIBR mechanisms. Using this system, we irradiated HeLa cell nuclei and observed an increase in the phosphorylated histone H2AX (gamma-H2AX) in non-irradiated cells. A new method of evaluating bystander cells using gamma-H2AX fluorescence intensity was established, with significant increases in bystander cell percentage observed at 180 and 360 minutes post-irradiation.
Review
Oncology
Haoyi Tang, Luwei Cai, Xiangyang He, Zihe Niu, Haitong Huang, Wentao Hu, Huahui Bian, Hao Huang
Summary: For many years, targeted DNA damage caused by radiation has been considered the main cause of various biological effects. However, there is increasing evidence that the linear-non-threshold model is not fully applicable to the biological effects caused by low dose radiation and requires further investigation. Additionally, non-targeted effects, such as bystander effects, genetic instability, etc., are significant effects related to low dose radiation.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biology
Ziqi Zhang, Kui Li, Mei Hong
Summary: Microbeams are useful tools for studying non-target effects and responses to cytoplasmic irradiation. This article summarizes the observations and mechanisms involved in bystander effects and cytoplasmic irradiation-related effects using different types of microbeam irradiators. These non-target effects may contribute to the biological consequences of ionizing radiation exposure, and understanding them can help better evaluate the damage caused by irradiation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mateusz Smolarz, Lukasz Skoczylas, Marta Gawin, Monika Krzyzowska, Monika Pietrowska, Piotr Widlak
Summary: Exosomes released by irradiated cells mediate the radiation-induced bystander effect, resulting in DNA breaks and replication stress in recipient cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Weijie Zhang, Wangyao Li, Yuting Lin, Fen Wang, Ronald C. Chen, Hao Gao
Summary: This study aims to develop a new spatially fractionated IMPT treatment planning method for pMBRT, which can simultaneously maximize the PVDR of normal tissues and optimize the dose distribution in tumor targets and organs at risk. By incorporating total variation and L1 regularization into IMPT, this method achieves biological dose sparing of normal tissues and improves treatment quality.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Feng Qin, Guodong Chen, Kwan Ngok Yu, Miaomiao Yang, Wei Cao, Peizhong Kong, Shengjie Peng, Mingyu Sun, Lili Nie, Wei Han
Summary: In this study, Golgi protein GOLPH3 was found to play a crucial role in the transduction of RIBE. Knocking down GOLPH3 blocked RIBE generation, while re-expression of GOLPH3 rescued the effect. The GOLPH3/ERK/EGR1 signaling axis was identified as the mechanism that regulates the transcription of TNF-alpha and determines its release level.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amparo Olivares, Miguel Alcaraz-Saura, Daniel Gyingiri Achel, Juan de Dios Berna-Mestre, Miguel Alcaraz
Summary: The research investigated the modulation effect of rosmarinic acid on radiation-induced effects and found that it could reduce micronuclei frequency and increase cell survival rate, showing a certain radioprotective capacity.
Article
Oncology
Zhen Yang, Qiuning Zhang, Hongtao Luo, Lihua Shao, Ruifeng Liu, Yarong Kong, Xueshan Zhao, Yichao Geng, Chengcheng Li, Xiaohu Wang
Summary: Carbon ion radiation can inhibit A549 cell colony formation, migration, and invasion, and 2 Gy radiation significantly inhibits tumor cell metastasis. LC-MS analysis showed 23 differential metabolites in the cell culture medium after carbon ion 0 and 2 Gy irradiation.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Daiki Hara, Wensi Tao, Ryder M. Schmidt, Yu-Ping Yang, Sylvia Daunert, Nesrin Dogan, John Chetley Ford, Alan Pollack, Junwei Shi
Summary: Metal nanoparticles, especially gold nanoparticles (GNPs), can enhance radiation doses in targeted cancer cells. In this study, the effects of active-targeting GNPs on the radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) in prostate cancer cells were investigated. The results showed that PGNPs could boost the expression and sensitivity of RIBE in prostate cancer cells.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
A. L. Hanson, F. H. Geisler
Summary: MicroBeam Radiosurgery (MBRS) is a potential clinical technique for the treatment of solid tumors, based on the vast difference in recovery period between healthy tissue and tumors. To maximize the efficacy of MBRS, the dose delivered between microbeam peak regions should be maintained at a low level. Besides the Peak-to-Valley Dose Ratio (PVDR), other factors need to be considered for the design of a human clinical facility.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Olga Zeni, Stefania Romeo, Anna Sannino, Rosanna Palumbo, Maria Rosaria Scarfi
Summary: The study showed that exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields can reduce DNA damage and elicit a bystander effect, as well as decrease menadione-induced DNA damage in cells exposed to RF. Additionally, an increase in heat shock protein 70 was observed in culture medium of cells exposed to RF, suggesting a potential protective mechanism against DNA damage.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biology
Xiaobing Li, Colin B. Seymour, Carmel Mothersill, C. David Rollo
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the existence of radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) in terrestrial insects and its impacts on insects. The results showed that male crickets cohabitating with irradiated crickets had a higher growth rate, and both male and female crickets cohabitating with irradiated crickets matured significantly faster with no significant difference in maturation weight compared to non-cohabitating populations. The experiment also revealed the saturability of bystander signals and similar shifts in maturation parameters in adult irradiated crickets. These findings suggest that bystander signals can affect development and maturation in crickets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Aisling B. Heeran, Helen P. Berrigan, Croi E. Buckley, Heleena Moni Bottu, Orla Prendiville, Amy M. Buckley, Niamh Clarke, Noel E. Donlon, Timothy S. Nugent, Michael Durand, Cara Dunne, John O. Larkin, Brian Mehigan, Paul McCormick, Lorraine Brennan, Niamh Lynam-Lennon, Jacintha O'Sullivan
Summary: The study found that ex vivo RIBE induction caused metabolic alterations in normal and malignant rectal tissue, especially in bystander cell metabolism, which may provide greater understanding of the effects of RIBE on metabolism, mitochondrial function, and the secreted metabolome.
TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yuchuan Zhou, Chunlin Shao
Summary: Histone methylation plays a crucial role in cellular radiosensitivity by affecting DNA damage repair. Both high and low levels of histone methylation can impede DNA repair processes. Inhibitors of histone methyltransferases and histone demethylases may be helpful in developing new drugs for the therapy of radioresistant tumors.
MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biology
Wanwisa Sudprasert, Oleg Belyakov, Satoshi Tashiro
Summary: This article summarizes the objectives, participants, and outcomes of two workshops organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Hiroshima International Council for Health Care of the Radiation-Exposed (HICARE) in Hiroshima, Japan.
JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Hisanori Fukunaga, Akinari Yokoya, Kevin M. Prise
Summary: Translation: Effects of radiation on spermatogenesis and transgenerational effects are reviewed in this article. The review explores novel radiobiological approaches for male fertility preservation during radiotherapy. The genotoxicity of radiation on germ cells and its potential transgenerational effects are discussed. The clinical importance of preserving male fertility during radiation treatment is also addressed. Further research in this field is needed to better understand the potential role of transgenerational effects.
Article
Oncology
Shannon J. Thompson, Aoife Rooney, Kevin M. Prise, Stephen J. McMahon
Summary: This study evaluates the performance of different Monte Carlo nanoscale physics models using a dataset on strand breaking in a single DNA strand. The models had similar energy distributions but made significantly different predictions for other endpoints. Multi-endpoint analysis is necessary to fully validate these models.
Article
Cell Biology
Wang Zheng, Qianping Chen, Hongxia Liu, Liang Zeng, Yuchuan Zhou, Xinglong Liu, Yang Bai, Jianghong Zhang, Yan Pan, Chunlin Shao
Summary: This study identified the protein profiles associated with radioresistant GBM cells and found that overexpression of SDC1 and TGM2 contributes to poor prognosis in radiotherapy. Inhibiting SDC1 and TGM2 enhanced the radiosensitivity of GBM cells by inhibiting the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. The study also revealed the interaction between TGM2 and SDC1 and their roles in coordinating the encounter between autophagosomes and lysosomes.
Article
Oncology
Yuhong Zhang, Xinglong Liu, Liang Zeng, Xinrui Zhao, Qianping Chen, Yan Pan, Yang Bai, Chunlin Shao, Jianghong Zhang
Summary: The study found that ANGPTL4 levels were significantly higher in hypoxic NSCLC cells and positively correlated with radioresistance. This protein affects radioresistance through two pathways: intracellular and exosomal, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target to improve NSCLC treatment efficacy.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinrui Zhao, Xinglong Liu, Songling Hu, Yan Pan, Jianghong Zhang, Guomei Tai, Chunlin Shao
Summary: Radiotherapy is a conventional treatment method for breast cancer, but radioresistance affects the prognosis negatively. This study found that the GDF15 gene is related to poor prognosis in breast cancer patients after radiotherapy. Breast cancer cells with acquired radioresistance showed high expression of GDF15 and enhanced properties of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness. Knockdown of GDF15 sensitized radioresistant cells to irradiation and inhibited their EMT and stemness properties. GDF15 may serve as a prognosis-related biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer radiotherapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Shannon J. Thompson, Kevin M. Prise, Stephen J. McMahon
Summary: Laser-accelerated protons offer an alternative delivery mechanism for proton therapy. This study investigates the possibility of inter-track interactions between successive protons within a pulse delivered at ultra-high dose-rates. The results suggest that such interactions would not play a role in any potential changes in biological response between laser-accelerated and conventional proton therapy.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hongxia Liu, Qianping Chen, Wang Zheng, Yuchuan Zhou, Yang Bai, Yan Pan, Jianghong Zhang, Chunlin Shao
Summary: In this study, RNA sequencing was performed to analyze the expression profiles of non-coding RNAs in radioresistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. A ceRNA network involving lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs was identified and further confirmed. It was found that the CASC19/miR-340-3p/FKBP5 network plays a crucial role in regulating radioresistance in NPC by enhancing autophagy. These findings provide potential new therapeutic targets for NPC.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xinglong Liu, Liang Zeng, Yuchuan Zhou, Xinrui Zhao, Lin Zhu, Jianghong Zhang, Yan Pan, Chunlin Shao, Jiamei Fu
Summary: Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) can be induced and exacerbated by radiotherapy in thoracic cancer patients. This study found that p21 protein was upregulated in severely injured lung epithelial cell lines, promoting the release of CCL7 and contributing to macrophage chemotaxis, providing new insights into inflammatory responses in lung injury.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Yusuke Matsuya, Stephen J. McMahon, Karl T. Butterworth, Yoshie Yachi, Ryo Saga, Tatsuhiko Sato, Kevin M. Prise
Summary: This study aimed to understand the mechanisms of intercellular communication under hypoxic conditions by modeling the cell-killing effects. The developed IMK model successfully predicted the dose-response curves for survival and lethal lesions, and demonstrated that the probability of releasing cell-killing signals depends on oxygen. The study also suggests that residual DNA double-strand breaks correlate with logarithmic survival fraction for in- and out-of-field cells, and the oxygen enhancement ratio determined using uniform-field exposure can predict the radiosensitivity of cells to intensity-modulated beams.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aideen C. Roddy, Caitriona E. McInerney, Tom Flannery, Estelle G. Healy, James P. Stewart, Veronica J. Spence, Jamie Walsh, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Darragh G. McArt, Kevin M. Prise
Summary: Glioblastoma is a common and aggressive brain tumor, and therapy resistance may stem from glioma-stem cells. Transcriptome profiling revealed that angiogenesis and immune-related processes dominate the recurrence of glioblastoma. By using connectivity mapping analysis, FDA-approved repurposing drugs including rosiglitazone, nizatidine, pantoprazole, and tolmetin were identified as potential treatments against glioma-stem cells and glioblastoma recurrence. This translational bioinformatics pipeline offers a promising approach for identifying target compounds to overcome therapy resistance in cancers like glioblastoma.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Brianna N. Kerr, Daniel Duffy, Caitriona E. McInerney, Ashton Hutchinson, Inaya Dabaja, Rana Bazzi, Stephane Roux, Kevin M. Prise, Karl T. Butterworth
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the radiosensitizing and immunomodulatory properties of differentially PEGylated GNPs in GBM cells. The results showed that PEGylation improved the radiobiological efficacy, with double-strand break induction being identified as a mechanism. PEGylated GNPs also enhanced the immunogenicity of radiotherapy, correlating with upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that ID11 and ID12 could be potential candidates for RT-drug combination in future GBM preclinical investigations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Xinrui Zhao, Chunlin Shao
Summary: This protocol provides a detailed method for investigating immune function and radiation-induced anti-tumor abscopal effect in PD-L1-deficient mice, including tumor model establishment, radiation scheme, single cell isolation, and analysis of immune cell infiltration.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caitriona E. McInerney, Joanna A. Lynn, Alan R. Gilmore, Tom Flannery, Kevin M. Prise
Summary: The study characterized IDH1 expression and associated genes and pathways in adult gliomas, identifying 90 genes overexpressed in different signaling pathways related to IDH1. Potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers were discovered, showing correlations with IDH1 expression, and highlighting metabolic vulnerabilities and therapeutic targets for future clinical trials._IDS with mechanistic links were involved in neuronal development, cell proliferation, tumor suppression, and anaplerosis.
CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)