Article
Economics
Anders Frederiksen, Colleen Flaherty Manchester
Summary: The study found that when companies are subject to labor market regulations, changes in personnel practices occur, with a trend towards weakening of long-term implicit incentives and moving towards pay for performance. The data also suggest that firms carefully manage their personnel practices according to economic principles to preserve incentives for employees.
JOURNAL OF LABOR ECONOMICS
(2021)
Article
Social Issues
Zhenyu Jiang, Zongjun Wang, Xiao Lan
Summary: This study found that regional environmental regulation positively affects corporate innovation performance, while industry environmental regulation has a negative impact; environmental management system certification moderates the relationship between mandatory environmental regulation and corporate innovation performance.
TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Saskia Manshoven, Wim Van Opstal
Summary: In recent years, the popularity of fast fashion has led to increased global production and consumption, resulting in shorter lifespans for garments and a higher volume of discarded textiles. This study explores stakeholder support for policy instruments that could promote a circular and sustainable fashion system. The findings suggest a broad stakeholder support for government intervention, particularly mandatory regulations.
Article
Business, Finance
Raymond Siu Yeung Chan, Lyu Fan, Byron Y. Song
Summary: The study finds that mandatory dividend payout regulations have unintended benefits for Chinese listed firms seeking refinancing to enhance their investment efficiency. While these regulations mitigate overinvestment for all listed firms, the effect is more pronounced for refinancing firms. Furthermore, there is evidence suggesting that state-owned enterprises are the main beneficiaries of these regulations in reducing overinvestment. These findings indicate that dividend payout regulations are being used to partially improve investment efficiency for Chinese listed firms, especially state-owned enterprises.
ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Alanoud Alfraidi, Nora Alafif, Reem Alsukait
Summary: This narrative review provides a comprehensive exploration of the impact of mandatory regulations restricting food marketing on the exposure and purchase of HFSS food products. The findings show that almost all mandatory food-marketing regulations have evidence in favor of reducing HFSS food purchases and exposure. Protecting children and adolescents from food and beverage marketing through mandatory regulations is crucial for tackling global childhood and adolescent obesity and securing a healthier environment for future generations.
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Ruiliang Yang, Zijiang Wu, Xiaoming Qian, Yunlong Shi
Summary: This study investigates the thermal performance of life jackets in water by using a thermal manikin to simulate the environment surrounding drowning victims. Results show that life jackets efficiently lower conduction and convective heat transfer coefficients in water, providing better thermal insulation.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Wendy L. Hobson, Rachel J. Gordon, Deborah L. Cabaniss, Boyd F. Richards
Summary: Faculty in health professions face challenges in presenting their academic accomplishments for promotion due to the limitations of the traditional curriculum vitae format. To address this issue, an Enhanced CV is proposed as a solution. The Enhanced CV includes educational contributions, brief descriptions, and impact statements to highlight the significance of accomplishments. Evidence from two institutions suggests that the Enhanced CV can improve educators' ability to showcase their achievements and advance in their academic careers.
JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS
(2022)
Article
Law
Abigail Tubin
Summary: Since the Roe v. Wade case, many state legislatures in the U.S. have enacted regulations that complicate the process of obtaining an abortion. These regulations, including mandatory narrated ultrasound, impose strict disclosure requirements on physicians and raise issues regarding the First Amendment's Free Speech Clause. The constitutionality of these laws under the First Amendment is currently a topic of debate among circuit courts and scholars.
FORDHAM LAW REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Law
W. Kip Viscusi, Robert J. Cramer
Summary: The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration incentivizes safety through regulatory standards, but penalties for violations following worker fatalities are found to be modest and below efficient deterrence levels. Statutory caps on penalties are low, but only 8% of penalties for fatal violations are constrained, suggesting norms for reasonable penalty amounts. Firms with union representation face stricter enforcement sanctions, while penalties for fatalities involving migrant laborers are less severe.
REGULATION & GOVERNANCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shi Chen, Yonghong Zhao, Shiu-Chieh Chiu, Jingfei Wu, Jyh-Horng Lin
Summary: This paper presents a model for assessing an insurer's equity within the framework of carbon trading regulations and integration of green lending. Strict caps in cap-and-trade harm interest margins and compromise policyholder protection. Green subsidies can improve insurer margins, but achieving win-win solutions remains challenging. A collective approach is needed to share sustainable production and finance benefits.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Biyu Liu, Yanzhen Chen, Haidong Yang, Baozhu Peng, Kai Luo
Summary: The "three-year mandatory scrapping" policy for shared bicycles has been introduced in certain Chinese cities in recent years, posing challenges for bicycle-sharing operators in terms of investment and payback period. This study proposes an optimization model to determine the optimal service life of shared bicycles by maximizing net present value, and compares it with the three-year scrapping period. Furthermore, it investigates the service life required to offset carbon emissions to evaluate the reasonability of the policy. The study also analyzes the parameters that affect the optimal service life using examples of Mobike, OFO, and Hellobike, and provides management insights for the development of bicycle-sharing. The results indicate that the policy may not be beneficial for operators with high-quality bicycles when the diffusion degree of quality level on demand is low, and increasing rental price is not an effective way to increase profits. However, the service life to offset carbon emissions generally falls within the three-year scrapping period, depending on the replacement ratio for different modes of transportation. Higher replacement ratios lead to greater environmental benefits from bicycle-sharing.
SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Studies
Xingyu Xue, Xin Sun, Hongrui Ma, Jianxin Li, Frank T. Hong, Sha Du
Summary: Designing efficient policies, such as fuel economy standards and incentives for electric vehicles, is crucial to reduce transport GHG emissions and tackle climate change. However, solely relying on tailpipe-based standards will not be enough to meet sectoral emission goals. Switching to well-to-wheels based standards and implementing complementary policies to regulate embedded emissions and low carbon fuel production can effectively close the mitigation gap and achieve holistic emissions reduction. Incorporating life cycle assessment approaches into the regulatory framework is necessary to provide sufficient GHG emissions reduction and contribute to overall carbon reduction commitments.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yingyi Huang, Mahdokht Shaibani, Tanesh D. Gamot, Mingchao Wang, Petar Jovanovic, M. C. Dilusha Cooray, Meysam Sharifzadeh Mirshekarloo, Roger J. Mulder, Nikhil Medhekar, Matthew R. Hill, Mainak Majumder
Summary: The authors present a saccharide-based binder system to regulate polysulfides migration and improve the cycle life of Li-S batteries, achieving 97% sulfur utilization with 1000 cycles of stable performance. This innovative binder also promotes the formation of a desirable microstructure, leading to a pouch cell prototype with high specific energy, demonstrating promising potential for practical applications.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Wenhan Guo, Shubing Cai, Thomas Caprio, Lindsay Schwartz, Helena Temkin-Greener
Summary: This study examined the frequency and categories of end-of-life care transitions among assisted living community decedents and their associations with state staffing and training regulations. The results showed significant variations in the number of care transitions across states, which were associated with state regulatory specificity for staffing and staff training. Therefore, it is suggested that state governments and assisted living administrators establish more explicit guidelines to improve the quality of end-of-life care.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yunfei Sun, Lei Gu, Lu Zhang, Zhou Yang
Summary: Research found that algae with different nutrient contents have different effects on the reproduction and lifespan of rotifers, but rotifers can completely eliminate harmful algae. These effects are related to the nutrition of the algae and the expression of related genes.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)