Article
Neurosciences
Shulin Tang, Jie Guo, Bing Li, Zhikai Song
Summary: Social distance has an impact on reward processing in intertemporal choice, influencing brain activity and the evaluation process of time discounting. Different brain regions are responsible for processing soon-but-small and later-but-larger rewards in intertemporal choice. The P3b component is key in time discounting, with immediate and delayed rewards being valued in distinct brain regions.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Zoe Lazar-Kurz, Jasmine Aziz, Katelyn J. McKearney, Cindy Hamon-Hill, Arthur MacDonald, Aaron Newman, Gail Eskes
Summary: Aging is associated with declines in cognitive function, including learning and memory. The present study used prism adaptation (PA) to investigate visuo-motor learning and error processing in older adults. EEG results indicated that older adults had similar initial error processing as young adults, but displayed reduced attentional orienting and enhanced context updating during the prism exposure phase. These findings provide insights into age-related learning differences and suggest potential clinical applications.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sara de la Salle, Dhrasti Shah, Joelle Choueiry, Hayley Bowers, Judy McIntosh, Brooke Carroll, Vadim Ilivitsky, Verner Knott
Summary: This study demonstrated that ketamine administration affected P300 in healthy volunteers, with reductions in novelty processing P300 and negative correlations with dissociation symptoms. These findings suggest a potential role of NMDAR dysfunction in disrupted auditory attention in schizophrenia.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Ingrida Antonova, Claudia van Swam, Daniela Hubl, Inga Griskova-Bulanova, Thomas Dierks, Thomas Koenig
Summary: Patients with schizophrenia, especially those with auditory verbal hallucinations, show distinct hemispheric involvement and visual processing differences compared to healthy controls and schizophrenia patients without hallucinations. The study also found alterations in early visual components in the right hemisphere for AVH patients and more prominent visuospatial impairment in NH patients. These findings suggest specific visual spatial deficits associated with a lifetime history of hallucinations in schizophrenia patients.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stefanie Gadeyne, Ann Mertens, Evelien Carrette, Freek Van den Bossche, Paul Boon, Robrecht Raedt, Kristl Vonck
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on the brainstem's locus coeruleus (LC). However, acute taVNS did not significantly modulate cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) in healthy volunteers, possibly due to insufficient stimulation parameters and delivery. Additionally, patients with an imbalanced LC-norepinephrine system may be more likely to benefit from taVNS.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Daniele A. Gubler, Stephan Zeiss, Niklaus Egloff, Frank Frickmann, Benjamin Goetze, Martin grosse Holtforth, Michael Harnik, Konrad Streitberger, Stefan J. Troche
Summary: This study found that patients with chronic pain showed reduced involuntary and voluntary attentional capture compared to healthy controls, indicating a detrimental effect of chronic pain on attention.
BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Brent Pitchford, Karen M. Arnell
Summary: The study found that while interindividual differences in ERPs at Time 1 did not predict attentional breadth differences across individuals at Time 1, individual differences in changes to P1, N1, and P3 ERPs to hierarchical stimuli from Time 1 to Time 2 were associated with individual differences in changes in attentional breadth from Time 1 to Time 2.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Marcus Voola, An T. T. Nguyen, Welber Marinovic, Gunesh Rajan, Dayse Tavora-Vieira
Summary: This study examines the differences in neural signals associated with semantic stimuli compared to tones and speech tokens in auditory oddball tasks. The results show significant differences in P3b peak latency between the three tasks, and P3b amplitude is sensitive to reaction time. It highlights the importance of considering all task factors and interpreting P3b results cautiously in auditory oddball tasks.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Alexander Rokos, Richard Mah, Rober Boshra, Amabilis Harrison, Tsee Leng Choy, Stefanie Blain-Moraes, John F. Connolly
Summary: A consistent limitation when designing event-related potential paradigms and interpreting results is a lack of consideration of the multivariate factors that affect their elicitation and detection in behaviorally unresponsive individuals. This paper provides a retrospective commentary on three factors that influence the presence and morphology of long-latency event-related potentials-the P3b and N400. Based on critical factors, the strongest paradigms should be used to elicit ERPs in unresponsive populations, interpretation of ERP results should consider participant age, and stimulus presentation speed should be slower in unresponsive individuals. By applying these practices, result interpretation ambiguity can be minimized, confidence in conclusions can be increased, and understanding of the relationship between long-latency event-related potentials and states of consciousness can be advanced.
Article
Neurosciences
Vesa Putkinen, Katri Saarikivi, Tsz Man Vanessa Chan, Mari Tervaniemi
Summary: The study found that children and adolescents with musical training performed better in categorization tasks, were more efficient in processing distracting sounds, and showed faster inhibition and set shifting abilities compared to their untrained peers.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mi-Hyun Choi, Jin-Ju Jung, Je-Hyeop Lee, Soon-Cheol Chung, Hyun-Kyung Park, Hyun-Jun Kim
Summary: This study did not find significant differences in cognitive performance and ERP patterns between parous and nulliparous females, suggesting that childbirth may not influence cognitive abilities.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vanessa D. Ruiz-Stovel, Andres A. Gonzalez-Garrido, Fabiola R. Gomez-Velazquez, Geisa B. Gallardo-Moreno, Erwin R. Villuendas-Gonzalez, Carlos A. Soto-Nava
Summary: This paper examines the effects of audio-tactile substitution training on young, profoundly deaf participants using electroencephalogram-based methods. The study aims to analyze the neural mechanisms associated with vibrotactile complex sound discrimination. The results show a significant improvement in discrimination and changes in neural activity after the training.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2022)
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Marcus Voola, An T. Nguyen, Andre Wedekind, Welber Marinovic, Gunesh Rajan, Dayse Tavora-Vieira
Summary: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the use of cochlear implants (CI) and the ability of single-sided deafness (SSD) CI users to discriminate and evaluate auditory stimuli. The results showed that the performance of CI was inferior to normal-hearing ear (NHE) in direct presentation, with reduced early neural responses. However, the addition of CI in free-field conditions enhanced early and late neural responses, but did not improve task performance.
Article
Neurosciences
Zhenxing Hu, Zhiguo Zhang, Zhen Liang, Li Zhang, Linling Li, Gan Huang
Summary: This study rigorously evaluated the test-retest reliability of ERPs in a multisensory and cognitive experiment involving 82 healthy adolescents. It found that a stronger group-level response in ERPs did not guarantee higher individual reliability. The consistency between group-level ERP responses and individual reliability was influenced by inter-subject latency jitter and inter-trial variability. These findings suggest the need to consider a neural oscillation perspective when assessing the reliability of ERPs.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Elkan G. Akyurek, Gulsen Balta
Summary: This study investigated visual temporal integration, specifically how multiple stimuli appearing in rapid succession are perceived as a single event. The results showed that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors have an interactive effect on integration performance, with distinct effects on the event-related potential components. This study provides important insights into the neural mechanisms underlying temporal integration and its impact on perception of longer episodic events.
Letter
Substance Abuse
Crawford Moodie, Catherine Best, Nathan Critchlow, Martine Stead, Sara C. Hitchman, Ann McNeill
Article
Substance Abuse
Crawford Moodie, Rachel O'Donnell
Summary: This study explores smokers' perceptions of different types of rolling papers and their harm perceptions. The packaging, novelty, usability, and taste/smell of rolling papers influence smokers' preferences. Different types of rolling papers are associated with specific users. Natural papers are seen as healthier and more environmentally friendly, while transparent papers raise safety concerns. Standardizing rolling papers could help counter the misperceptions of harm caused by promotional papers.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Nathan Critchlow, Crawford Moodie, Daniel Jones
IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Crawford Moodie, Catherine Best, Sara C. Hitchman, Nathan Critchlow, Anne-Marie Mackintosh, Ann McNeill, Martine Stead
Summary: The study findings suggest that standardized packaging has had the intended impacts on smokers, including increasing the noticeability of warning labels, diminishing the appeal and value of cigarettes/rolling tobacco compared to before, and strengthening disagreement on the presence of more harmful substances in certain brands. There were no significant differences in responses to standardized packaging based on social grade.
Article
Substance Abuse
Nathan Critchlow, Crawford Moodie
Summary: This study examined the presence of consumer protection messages and required warnings in alcohol marketing on Twitter. The results showed that 36.3% of Tweets contained self-regulated messages, but there were no Tweets that signposted independent health websites or featured warnings about alcohol dangers and cancers.
DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Nathan Critchlow, Crawford Moodie, Frank Houghton
IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Michael J. J. Bentley, Jonathan M. M. Foster, Joshua J. J. Potvin, George Bevan, James Sharp, David J. J. Woeller, W. Andy Take
Summary: This passage discusses the susceptibility of river bank slopes incised into Champlain Sea Clay to highly retrogressive landslides and the concept of progressive failure. It explores whether surface displacement measurements can serve as an indicator of potential expansion of a progressive failure surface. The monitoring program conducted on an inclined slope found that sufficient pre-failure deformations exist to be measurable precursors to progressive failure.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
David Alexander Gregory, Joshua Nicks, Joaquin Artigas-Arnaudas, Michael S. Harris, Jonathan A. Foster, Patrick J. Smith
Summary: Reactive inkjet printing (RIJ) is a new approach for patterning surfaces with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). It allows stable solutions of different ligand and metal ions to be combined, offering advantages over conventional inkjet printing. The optimization of stoichiometry, printing of various frameworks, and creation of gradients in printed MOFs are demonstrated using the RIJ approach. This method shows potential for enhancing the use of MOFs in various applications.
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Herman Suga, Neethi Dasu, Charles Yang, Brian Blair, Jonathan Foster
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Substance Abuse
Crawford Moodie, James F. Thrasher, Joaquin Barnoya, Raul Mejia, Inti Barrientos-Gutierrez, Alfonso Zavaleta, Frank Chaloupka
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Crawford Moodie, Rachel O'Donnell
Summary: The study found that reasons for using roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco include lower price, better taste, the pleasure of rolling and ability to customize, and the mistaken belief that RYO is less harmful than cigarettes. RYO smokers preferred inserts with positive messaging about quitting, while messaging challenging the idea that RYO is not less harmful than cigarettes was generally dismissed.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Bari Dane, Kun Qian, Rachel Krieger, Paul Smereka, Jonathan Foster, Chenchan Huang, Shannon Chang, Sooah Kim
Summary: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the correlation between key imaging features described by SAR-AGA on outpatient surveillance MRE and the progression to surgery in adults with CD. The study found that restricted diffusion, greater degree of upstream dilation from stricture, complex fistula, perienteric inflammation, and fibrofatty proliferation were more common in patients progressing to surgery. Additionally, patients progressing to surgery had longer length of bowel involvement and higher platelet count, ESR, and fecal calprotectin levels, as well as lower serum albumin levels.
ABDOMINAL RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Joshua Nicks, Jonathan A. Foster
Summary: Liquid exfoliation of layered MOFs to form MONs, followed by click reactions for post-exfoliation functionalization, allows for tuning of surface properties and enables various applications.
Article
Substance Abuse
Crawford Moodie, Nicholas Page, Graham Moore
Summary: This study found that flavored cigarettes, especially capsule cigarettes, are popular among young smokers in Wales. The prevalence of menthol cigarette use among 11-16 year-olds is concerning, and the limited attention given to capsule cigarettes in public health is alarming.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Literature, British Isles
Jonathan Foster