Review
Psychiatry
Zeeshan Mansuri, Ramkrishna Makani, Chintan Trivedi, Mahwish Adnan, Ramu Vadukapuram, John Rafael, Ashutosh Lodhi, Abhishek Reddy
Summary: Metformin may have beneficial effects in treating weight gain in children treated with second-generation antipsychotics, with significant reductions in weight and BMI Z-score observed within 12-16 weeks. However, the use of metformin may increase the likelihood of nausea-vomiting and diarrhea as side effects.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Xinyu Fang, Chunying Gao, Weifeng Wu, Xiuxiu Hu, Miaomiao Shao, Chou Zhou, Renliang Cai, Jin Fang, Yi Li, Yue Xu, Xiangrong Zhang
Summary: This study explored the relationship between weight gain in schizophrenia patients with atypical antipsychotic treatment and gut microbiome. The results showed that there were no significant differences in alpha diversity between normal-weight and overweight schizophrenia patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. However, the beta diversity analysis revealed distinct clustering patterns for overweight and normal-weight patients. The composition of the gut microbiome also differed between the two groups. Function prediction identified several pathways that were significantly different between groups. Correlation analysis indicated associations between specific bacteria and BMI. Overall, these findings suggest that perturbations in the gut microbiome composition and functional pathways may contribute to weight gain in schizophrenia patients treated with atypical antipsychotics.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Developmental Biology
Ana Carolina Casali Reis, Barbara Campos Jorge, Suyane da Silva Moreira, Julia Stein, Carolina Barizan Perdao, Beatriz de Matos Manoel, Arielle Cristina Arena
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of therapeutic doses of ondansetron on embryo-fetal development in pregnant rats. The results showed no clinical signs of toxicity in the dams during treatment, but histological changes and a reduction in kidney weight were found in the treated dams. Fetal examination revealed no visceral and skeletal abnormalities in the treated fetuses. Therefore, therapeutic doses of ondansetron have low teratogenic potential in rats, providing important information about drug safety during pregnancy.
BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Marco Carli, Francesco Weiss, Giovanna Grenno, Sergio Ponzini, Shivakumar Kolachalam, Francesca Vaglini, Cristina Viaggi, Carla Pardini, Simone Tidona, Biancamaria Longoni, Roberto Maggio, Marco Scarselli
Summary: Bipolar disorders (BDs) are a heterogeneous group of affective disorders characterized by alternating manic, depressive, and mixed phases, with variable intervals of normal mood. BDs are associated with high comorbidity, suicide risk, and reduced life expectancy. Treatment can be challenging, especially for complicated forms, but mood stabilizers remain the mainstay pharmacotherapy.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Michael Bauer, Tasha Glenn, Martin Alda, Paul Grof, Scott Monteith, Natalie Rasgon, Emanuel Severus, Peter C. Whybrow
Summary: Adherence with an atypical antipsychotic was not a reliable indicator of adherence to other psychiatric drugs in approximately half of the patients with bipolar disorder, as shown by self-reported data.
PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Vasanti Suvarna, Adishri Raut
Summary: Atypical antipsychotics have become popular for treating various psychopathological diseases in the past decade due to their better clinical profile and therapeutic benefits. However, their usage can lead to peripheral side effects and metabolic diseases, impacting patients' quality of life. Therefore, developing analytical methods to accurately identify and quantify these drugs from different formulations and biological samples is crucial in clinical and forensic settings.
CURRENT ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Maryrose Bauschka, Ashlie Watters, Dan Blalock, Asma Farooq, Philip Mehler, Dennis Gibson
Summary: There are currently no FDA-approved medications for the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN). While the use of antipsychotic medications for AN patients has produced conflicting results, some individuals might benefit from their use. However, the fear of weight gain associated with antipsychotic medications can limit their willingness to try these drugs. This study found that the use of atypical antipsychotics did not affect the rate of weight gain in individuals with extreme AN.
JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bruna Panizzutti, Chiara C. Bortolasci, Briana Spolding, Srisaiyini Kidnapillai, Timothy Connor, Mark F. Richardson, Trang T. T. Truong, Zoe S. J. Liu, Laura Gray, Jee Hyun Kim, Olivia M. Dean, Michael Berk, Ken Walder
Summary: Studies reveal that antipsychotic drugs can affect gene expression related to lipid biosynthesis and metabolism, potentially influencing weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Regulation of SREBF1/SREBF2 expression by these drugs may play a role in lipid metabolism and metabolic alterations, offering insights for personalized treatment approaches in schizophrenia patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Psychiatry
Kamyar Keramatian, Trisha Chakrabarty, Gayatri Saraf, Lakshmi N. Yatham
Summary: Recent studies support the efficacy of atypical antipsychotics in different phases of bipolar disorder, with medications like quetiapine, cariprazine, and aripiprazole showing effectiveness in treating bipolar depression or preventing manic episodes. Future research should focus on understudied populations like pediatric and geriatric bipolar disorder, while also emphasizing on measures of cognitive functioning and quality of life.
CURRENT PSYCHIATRY REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Marco Carli, Shivakumar Kolachalam, Biancamaria Longoni, Anna Pintaudi, Marco Baldini, Stefano Aringhieri, Irene Fasciani, Paolo Annibale, Roberto Maggio, Marco Scarselli
Summary: Atypical antipsychotics can cause metabolic syndrome, including weight gain, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure. Olanzapine and clozapine have the highest risk of metabolic alterations, while newer medications like ziprasidone and lurasidone may be more tolerable in terms of metabolic profile. Differences in efficacy among antipsychotics should be considered, with clozapine being the most effective but potentially associated with increased metabolic risks. A multidisciplinary approach combining psychoeducation and therapeutic drug monitoring is proposed as a first-line strategy to avoid metabolic syndrome.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bhanu Gupta, Kok-Seng Chee, Li-Qi Neo, Charmaine Tang, Jayaraman Hariram, Geoffrey Chern-Yee Tan, Swapna Verma, Sutapa Basu, Deva-Priya Appan, Chan-Chun Ting, Edimansyah Abdin, Jimmy Lee
Summary: The study found that adding low-dose aripiprazole did not significantly affect the overall weight of subjects, but led to significant weight loss and improvements in metabolic parameters for those on clozapine. Olanzapine group showed significant improvement in triglycerides, with trends in other metabolic parameters, while the risperidone group did not significantly improve in weight or metabolic parameters.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fatma Sa'eed El-Tokhy, Mona M. A. Abdel-Mottaleb, Elsayed A. El-Ghany, Ahmed S. Geneidi
Summary: Schizophrenia is a challenging and common psychotic disorder that greatly affects patients' quality of life. Novel drug delivery techniques, such as transdermal delivery of second generation antipsychotics, are effective in improving medication adherence and reducing side effects. Second generation antipsychotics at lower doses have proven to be more efficient in managing schizophrenia.
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maria Fonseca, Francisca Carmo, Fatima Martel
Summary: Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) have beneficial effects in treating mental diseases, but they also have undesired metabolic side effects. These side effects are related to the actions of AAPs in metabolic organs and the central and peripheral nervous system. A better understanding of the molecular targets and mechanisms linking AAPs with metabolic syndrome is necessary to develop AAPs with less adverse effects.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Melissa P. DelBello, Kaitlyn M. Bruns, Thomas Bloom, Luis Rodrigo Patino Duran, Jeffrey Strawn, Caleb M. Adler, Jeffrey Welge
Summary: This study aimed to examine the efficacy of topiramate for the treatment of weight gain associated with olanzapine in manic adolescents with bipolar disorder. The results showed that topiramate may minimize the weight gain in these patients, suggesting its potential as a treatment option.
JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Shamir N. Kalaria, Tiffany R. Farchione, Ramana Uppoor, Mehul Mehta, Yaning Wang, Hao Zhu
Summary: The labeling information for novel atypical antipsychotics in pediatric patients may be delayed due to the time lag between initial drug approval in adults and completion of pediatric clinical trials. Health care providers rely on limited evidence to make critical therapeutic decisions, emphasizing the need for effective dosing recommendations. The FDA's acceptance of extrapolating efficacy of atypical antipsychotics to pediatric patients aims to provide insight into rational dose selection for pediatric patients with schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)