Article
Thermodynamics
Zi Rui Guo, Hao Chen, Hang Guo, Fang Ye
Summary: The dynamic response of proton exchange membrane fuel cells with orientational flow channels was tested and compared to the response of cells with parallel flow channels. The results showed that the fuel cell with orientational flow channels had good dynamic performance and stability after load switching, improving water management and preventing flooding in the local electrode. The voltage variation coefficient of the cell with orientational flow channels was smaller than that of the cell with parallel flow channels, indicating improved dynamic performance and stability.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhihui Zhang, Changhong Wang, Chengdai Chen
Summary: This study investigates the effects of a novel staggered structure for the cathode flow field on the transport and distribution characteristics in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) through numerical simulation. The simulation results show that the new structure significantly improves the performance and uniformity of water distribution in the fuel cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Guillaume Ricciardi, Jean Peybernes, Vincent Faucher
Summary: This paper proposes new computational methods and results for flow computation in congested domains, particularly in the core of a Pressurized Water Reactor. It focuses on the distribution of pressure losses through porous structures and fluid layers, and aims to understand the interaction of flow and rod bundles analytically. Experimental comparisons show good agreement, and the proposed analytical model can be easily implemented for studying fluid forces and fuel assembly bowing issues.
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xun Zhang, Xiaolong Yang, Weitao Gao, Cheng Wang
Summary: In this study, the performance of PEM fuel cells with different baffled flow field plates was experimentally tested, showing that adding baffles can improve the fuel cell's performance and current density distribution uniformity. However, increasing baffle height will also increase pressure drop. To address this issue, a half-baffled flow field design was proposed to maintain current density distribution uniformity while reducing pressure drop.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
H. Asadi, M. Pourjafar-Chelikdani, S. M. Taghavi, K. Sadeghy
Summary: A new generalized Richards equation is developed for highly shear-thinning liquids using the concept of effective viscosity. The model is validated against experimental data on spontaneous imbibition of two pusher liquids by a tight sandstone. The study shows that shear-thinning can greatly reduce the time required for gas recovery in a homogeneous tight sandstone. However, prolonged use of shear-thinning liquids may lead to a slight decrease in gas recovery compared to Newtonian fluids. In a two-layer non-homogeneous system, the uptake of liquid mass can be smaller depending on the microstructure of the layers. It is predicted that sufficiently shear-thinning liquids can significantly enhance gas recovery.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wenhao Shen, Yu Chen, Jin Jiang, Quan Zhu, Xiang -Yuan Li
Summary: The non-monotonic relation between pressure-drop and flow-rate leading to the flow instability of fuel with pyrolysis was investigated in this study. A characteristic pressure-drop model was established to accurately capture the non-monotonicity of characteristic pressure-drop. The effects of pressure and fuel pyrolysis on the flow instability were analyzed. The results indicate that the fuel pyrolysis reaction not only expands the range where the flow excursion may occur but also makes it difficult for the flow-rate to reach stable state again after the flow excursion caused by pseudo-critical instability.
Article
Electrochemistry
Yuan Yu, Zhigang Zhan, Luyan He, Xiaoxiang Yang, Xiongbiao Wan, Pang-Chieh Sui, Mu Pan
Summary: Two distribution zone designs, CRDZ and DMDZ, were investigated for their effects on gas distribution uniformity and pressure drop in a flow field plate of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The study found that well-designed CRDZ can achieve more uniform gas distribution, while the uniformity of gas distribution in DMDZ depends on the combined effects of different factors.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xingxiao Tao, Kai Sun, Rui Chen, Mengshan Suo, Huaiyu Liu, Zhizhao Che, Tianyou Wang
Summary: This study investigates the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the porous metal foam (PMF) flow field and identifies different flow patterns. Film, plug, and ligament flows are found in the hydrophilic PMF flow field, while slug and droplet flows are found in the hydrophobic PMF flow field. Optimizing pore size, increasing metal foam surface hydrophobicity, and optimizing operating conditions can improve water management in the PMF flow field.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chen Li, Xiaoming Xu, Hao Hu, Nan Mei, Yi Yang
Summary: This study found that changing the cross-section of the serpentine flow channel can increase the current density of the PEMFC, but it also reduces the uniformity of the current density distribution. When the cross-sectional shape of the flow channel changes from a trapezoid to a triangle, the oxygen is more concentrated and more reaction heat is generated, resulting in higher current density.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiangchao Meng, Hong Ren, Feng Xie, Zhigang Shao
Summary: This paper compares the performance of the parallel flow field, S-shaped flow field, multi-serpentine flow field, and single-serpentine flow field in the dead-end anode (DEA) mode and hydrogen circulation anode (HCA) mode through experiments, measuring the spatial current density distribution and parasitic power of different flow field structures. The results show that the performance trends of different flow field structures change with the DEA and HCA anode modes. Based on the comprehensive consideration of the experimental results, the multi-serpentine flow field is more suitable for DEA mode, and the S-shaped flow field is more suitable for HCA mode.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chengdai Chen, Changhong Wang, Xue Wang, Zhihui Zhang
Summary: A novel channel design is proposed in this study to mitigate water flooding in the cathode channel of PEMFC, optimizing hole parameters and numbers to maximize current density output. Compared to conventional channels, the novel design shows improvement in water saturation and current density output in the cathode channel, with minimal increase in pressure drop.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Leila Rostami, Masoud Haghshenasfard, Morteza Sadeghi, Mohammad Zhiani
Summary: The flow field design is a crucial factor that directly affects the performance of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. A novel design inspired by serpentine and parallel topologies has been proposed to increase mass transfer, water management, and cell performance. The results showed that the novel design exhibited more uniform pressure and velocity distributions and improved electrochemical reaction rate, current density, and cell efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mehrdad Ghasabehi, Moosa Ashrafi, Mehrzad Shams
Summary: The study introduces a novel parallel flow field design to enhance the electrochemical performance and reduce the parasitic power loss of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. By comparing different structures and utilizing techniques such as tapered main channels and manipulating manifolds, the best flow field design is determined, with increasing cathode stoichiometry identified as the most effective factor in enhancing power density.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kisung Lim, Chanyoung Kim, Rojun Park, Afroz Alam, Hyunchul Ju
Summary: This study applied a multiscale, multiphase polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model to compare the cell performance of six different cathode flow field designs. The results showed that the orifice-shaped flow field designs had higher oxygen concentrations and better water removal capabilities compared to conventional flow field designs. Among the orifice-shaped designs, the zigzag pattern between adjacent channels resulted in enhanced performance, outperforming the side-by-side arrangement.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Guodong Zhang, Zhen Guan, Da Li, Guoxiang Li, Shuzhan Bai, Ke Sun, Hao Cheng
Summary: This paper analyzes the performance of PEMFC with bosses in flow channels in a parallel flow field through simulation. It is found that the bosses can significantly increase the pressure drop and distribution uniformity of reactive gases in the flow channels. The cross-arrangement of bosses is better than the juxtaposition arrangement according to the increasing performance and pressure drop. An improved scheme of flow channel design is proposed for subsequent research on fuel cells.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fengcheng Tang, Xia Zhang, Markus Osenberg, Chao Yang, Haifeng Huang, Andre Hilger, Masyuki Uesugi, Kentaro Uesug, Akihisa Takeuchi, Ingo Manke, Fu Sun, Libao Chen
Summary: A 3D Li-B-C-Al alloy anode is designed and fabricated to address the issues of dendritic Li growth and volume change in Li metal batteries. The prepared 3D alloy anode exhibits superior lithiophilicity and mechanical stability, and shows improved performance in comprehensive electrochemical tests. The underlying working mechanisms of the alloy anode are investigated using non-destructive and 3D synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SX-CT) technique. The research showcases the potential application capability of the 3D alloy as an anode material for Li metal batteries and provides fundamental insights into its working mechanisms.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Henning Markoetter, Bernd Randolf Mueller, Andreas Kupsch, Sergei Evsevleev, Tobias Arlt, Alexander Ulbricht, Shahabeddin Dayani, Giovanni Bruno
Summary: The BAMline at BESSY II has been in operation for 20 years and offers various imaging methods, including SXCT, absorption edge CT, SXRR, and SXRCT. These techniques can be coupled with ancillary equipment and have diverse applications across different materials. The article provides an overview of these techniques, describes their current and potential usage, and presents examples of their application.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Robert Bradbury, Nikolay Kardjilov, Georg F. Dewald, Alessandro Tengattini, Lukas Helfen, Wolfgang G. Zeier, Ingo Manke
Summary: The elucidation of lithium ion transport pathways through a solid electrolyte separator is important for the development of all-solid-state batteries. Neutron imaging was performed on an all-solid-state lithium-sulfur battery using an increased Li-6 content in the anode. This allowed for differentiation between the mobile lithium ions diffusing through the cell and those initially located in the solid electrolyte, and demonstrated the lithium ion diffusion through the cell and the distribution of trapped lithium ions in charged and discharged states.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
H. Altaf, T. Milicic, T. Vidakovic-Koch, E. Tsotsas, Alessandro Tengattini, N. Kardjilov, T. Arlt, I. Manke, N. Vorhauer-Huget
Summary: In this study, neutron imaging was used to visualize and study invasion phenomena in fibrous porous transport layers (PTLs) of titanium felt under different flow conditions of gas and liquid phase. The invasion process was characterized by counter-current flow of water and air with joint imbibition and drainage processes. Neutron radiography and tomography were used to visualize the dynamics and study the static gas-liquid distributions. The results showed that the invasion occurred in repeated imbibition/drainage cycles, with frequencies depending on the flow conditions and the PTL structure.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Robert Bradbury, Georg F. Dewald, Marvin A. Kraft, Tobias Arlt, Nikolay Kardjilov, Juergen Janek, Ingo Manke, Wolfgang G. Zeier, Saneyuki Ohno
Summary: The low rate-capability of solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries is a major obstacle to their development. Neutron imaging has revealed that sluggish ion transport within the composite cathode is the main reason for this limitation. Furthermore, concentrated lithium near the current collector, discovered through state-of-charge-dependent tomography, indicates a previously overlooked loss mechanism caused by sluggish ion transport.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Itziar Serrano-Munoz, Beate Pfretzschner, Arne Kromm, Naresh Nadammal, Nikolay Kardjilov, Henning Markoetter, Tobias Neuwirth, Michael Schulz, Axel Griesche
Summary: One of the main advantages of metal additive manufacturing (MAM) techniques is the ability to produce components with specific microstructural features. However, microstructural defects and lack of repeatability remain major concerns. A study investigates a laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) IN718 material using Bragg-edge neutron 2D imaging (BENI) combined with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. BENI can detect process-induced changes in texture on a macroscopic scale, while high-resolution BENI (HR-BENI) allows for a micro-scale examination of local variations in texture and grain morphology.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yu-Cheng Gao, Bing Qin, Shao-Meng Wen, Yang You, Jingzhe Xue, Yi-Chen Yin, Zhi-Yuan Ma, Kang Dong, Yu-Feng Meng, Ingo Manke, Si-Chao Zhang, Zhi-Long Yu, Shu-Hong Yu
Summary: This study developed an improved ambient pressure drying strategy to enhance the drying process of freeze-cast ceramics. By exploiting ice etching, ionic cross-linking, and solvent exchange, the strategy can be applied to various ceramic species, metal ions, and freezing techniques. The incorporation of metal ions not only enhances liquid-phase sintering, but also provides customizable coloration and antibacterial properties to the ceramics.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sarah Bereswill, Hannah Gatz-Miller, Danyang Su, Christian Toetzke, Nikolay Kardjilov, Sascha E. Oswald, Klaus Ulrich Mayer
Summary: Oxygen availability in soils plays a crucial role in plant growth and productivity. This study used non-invasive imaging techniques to measure the root system architecture, soil moisture, and oxygen concentrations in the root zone of maize. A reactive transport model was constructed based on the experimental data, and different modeling scenarios were compared to match the observed patterns. The results showed that considering the heterogeneity of soil structure and hydraulic parameters improved the accuracy of the model in reproducing soil moisture and oxygen patterns.
VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Adam Doherty, Sylvain Fourmaux, Alberto Astolfo, Ralf Ziesche, Jonathan Wood, Oliver Finlay, Wiebe Stolpe, Darren Batey, Ingo Manke, Francois Legare, Matthieu Boone, Dan Symes, Zulfikar Najmudin, Marco Endrizzi, Alessandro Olivo, Silvia Cipiccia
Summary: Laser-plasma accelerators offer compact and embedded betatron X-ray sources with small size and ultrashort pulse length. This paper combines edge illumination-beam tracking technique with a compact plasma X-ray source to demonstrate multimodal imaging down to the femtosecond timescale.
COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shenghang Zhang, Fu Sun, Xiaofan Du, Xiaohu Zhang, Lang Huang, Jun Ma, Shanmu Dong, Andre Hilger, Ingo Manke, Longshan Li, Bin Xie, Jiedong Li, Zhiwei Hu, Alexander C. Komarek, Hong-Ji Lin, Chang-Yang Kuo, Chien-Te Chen, Pengxian Han, Gaojie Xu, Zili Cui, Guanglei Cui
Summary: By employing thermal-induced in situ polymerization of lithium perfluoropinacolatoaluminate, a novel interface-compatible and safe single-ion conductive 3D polymer electrolyte (3D-SIPE-LiFPA) has been developed. It is demonstrated that 3D-SIPE-LiFPA promotes the formation of a protective electrode/electrolyte interface and inhibits the dissolution-migration-deposition of transition metals. 3D-SIPE-LiFPA significantly enhances the cycle life and safety of NCM811/Li LMBs.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shahabeddin Dayani, Henning Markoetter, Jonas von Krug von Nidda, Anita Schmidt, Giovanni Bruno
Summary: This paper investigates the overdischarge phenomenon in lithium-ion cells, focusing on the behavior of copper dissolution and deposition. The concentration of dissolved and deposited copper is quantified using nondestructive imaging, revealing a nonuniform distribution pattern for copper deposition on the cathode. The research provides insights for safer battery cell design.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianyu Chen, Zhibin Lu, Guangjin Zeng, Yongmin Xie, Jie Xiao, Zhifeng Xu
Summary: The study introduces a high-performance LSGM electrolyte-supported tubular DC-SOFC stack for portable applications, which shows great potential in developing into high-performing, efficient, and environmentally friendly portable power sources for distributed applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenbin Tong, Yili Chen, Shijie Gong, Shaokun Zhu, Jie Tian, Jiaqian Qin, Wenyong Chen, Shuanghong Chen
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional porous NiO interface layer with enhanced anode dynamics is fabricated, forming a Schottky contact with the zinc substrate, allowing rapid and uniform zinc plating both inside and below the interface layer. The resulting NiO@Zn exhibits exceptional stability and high capacity retention.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yafeng Bai, Kaidi Li, Liying Wang, Yang Gao, Xuesong Li, Xijia Yang, Wei Lu
Summary: In this study, a flexible zinc ion supercapacitor with gel electrolytes, porous alpha-MnO2@reduced graphene oxide cathode, and activated carbon/carbon cloth anode was developed. The device exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and stability, even at low temperatures, with a high cycle retention rate after 5000 cycles.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anmol Jnawali, Matt D. R. Kok, Francesco Iacoviello, Daniel J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: This article presents the results of a systematic study on the electrochemical performance and mechanical changes in two types of commercial batteries with different anode chemistry. The study reveals that the swelling of anode layers in batteries with silicon-based components causes deformations in the jelly roll structure, but the presence of a small percentage of silicon does not significantly impact the cycling performance of the cells within the relevant state-of-health range for electric vehicles (EVs). The research suggests that there is room for improving the cell capacities by increasing the silicon loading in composite anodes to meet the increasing demands on EVs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yohandys A. Zulueta, My Phuong Pham-Ho, Minh Tho Nguyen
Summary: Advanced atomistic simulations were used to study ion transport in the Na- and K-doped lithium disilicate Li2Si2O5. The results showed that Na and K doping significantly enhanced Li ion diffusion and conduction in the material.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zongying Han, Hui Dong, Yanru Yang, Hao Yu, Zhibin Yang
Summary: An efficient phase inversion-impregnation approach is developed to fabricate BaO-decorated Ni8 mol% YSZ anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with anti-coking properties. BaO nanoislands are successfully introduced inside the Ni-YSZ anode, leading to higher peak power densities and improved stability in methane fuel. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the loading of BaO nanoislands facilitates carbon elimination by capturing and dissociating H2O molecules to generate OH.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Suresh Mamidi, Dan Na, Baeksang Yoon, Henu Sharma, Anil D. Pathak, Kisor Kumar Sahu, Dae Young Lee, Cheul-Ro Lee, Inseok Seo
Summary: Li-CO2 batteries, which utilize CO2 and have a high energy density, are hindered in practical applications due to slow kinetics and safety hazards. This study introduces a stable and highly conductive ceramic-based solid electrolyte and a metal-organic framework catalyst to improve the safety and performance of Li-CO2 batteries. The optimized Li-CO2 cell shows outstanding specific capacity and cycle life, and the post-cycling analysis reveals the degradation mechanism of the electrodes. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are also performed to understand the interactions between the catalyst and the host electrode. This research demonstrates the potential of MOF cathode catalyst for stable operation in Li-CO2 batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ganghua Xiang, Zhihuan Qiu, Huilong Fei, Zhigang Liu, Shuangfeng Yin, Yuen Wu
Summary: In this study, a CeFeOx-supported Pt single atoms and subnanometric clusters catalyst was developed, which exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and stability for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich stream through synergistic effect.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dimitrios Chatzogiannakis, Marcus Fehse, Maria Angeles Cabanero, Natalia Romano, Ashley Black, Damien Saurel, M. Rosa Palacin, Montse Casas-Cabanas
Summary: By coupling electrochemical testing to operando synchrotron based X-ray absorption and powder diffraction experiments, blended positive electrodes consisting of LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO) and layered LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) were studied to understand their redox mechanism. It was found that blending NMC with LMO can enhance energy density at high rates, with the blend containing 25% LMO showing the best performance. Testing with a special electrochemical setup revealed that the effective current load on each blend component can vary significantly from the nominal rate and also changes with SoC. Operando studies allowed monitoring of the oxidation state evolution and changes in crystal structure, in line with the expected behavior of individual components considering their electrochemical current loads.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chiara Cementon, Daniel Dewar, Thrinathreddy Ramireddy, Michael Brennan, Alexey M. Glushenkov
Summary: This Perspective discusses the specific power and power density of lithium-ion capacitors, highlighting the fact that their power characteristics are often underestimated. Through analysis, it is found that lithium-ion capacitors can usually achieve power densities superior to electrochemical supercapacitors, making them excellent alternatives to supercapacitors.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weihao Wang, Hao Yu, Li Ma, Youquan Zhang, Yuejiao Chen, Libao Chen, Guichao Kuang, Liangjun Zhou, Weifeng Wei
Summary: This study achieved an improved electrolyte with excellent low-temperature and high-voltage performance by regulating the Li+ solvation structure and highly concentrating it. The electrolyte exhibited outstanding oxidation potential and high ionic conductivity under low temperature and high voltage conditions, providing a promising approach for the practical application of high-voltage LIBs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Martin Bures, Dan Gotz, Jiri Charvat, Milos Svoboda, Jaromir Pocedic, Juraj Kosek, Alexandr Zubov, Petr Mazur
Summary: Vanadium redox flow battery is a promising energy storage solution with long-term durability, non-flammability, and high overall efficiency. Researchers have developed a mathematical model to simulate the charge-discharge cycling of the battery, and found that hydraulic connection of electrolyte tanks is the most effective strategy to reduce capacity losses, achieving a 69% reduction.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Rodriguez-Gomez, J. Campo, A. Orera, F. de La Fuente, J. Valenciano, H. Fricke, D. S. Hussey, Y. Chen, D. Yu, K. An, A. Larrea
Summary: In this study, we analysed the operando performance of industrial lead cells using neutron diffraction experiments. The experiments revealed the evolution of different phases in the positive electrode, showed significant inhomogeneity of phase distribution inside the electrode, and estimated the energy efficiency of the cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Liu, Chenpeng Wang, Yue Yao, Hao Ye, Yinglong Liu, Yingli Liu, Xiaoru Xu, Zhicong Chen, Huazheng Yang, Gang Wu, Libin Lei, Chao Wang, Bo Liang
Summary: The study focuses on utilizing double conductive Ni-pads as anode collectors in micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells. The simulation results show excellent performance and stability of DCNPs, and also highlight the potential applications in various fields.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Wang, Kangjie Zhou, Lang Cui, Jiabing Mei, Shengnan Li, Le Li, Wei Fan, Longsheng Zhang, Tianxi Liu
Summary: This study presents a polyimide sandwiched separator (s-PIF) for improving the cycling stability of Li-metal batteries. The s-PIF separator exhibits superior mechanical property, electrolyte adsorption/retention and ion conductivity, and enables dendrite-free Li plating/stripping process.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)