Impact of different utilization scenarios of electric vehicles on the German grid in 2030

Electric vehicles are commonly seen as one of the alternatives to reduce the oil dependency and the greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of different electric vehicle charging strategies on the national grid including the storage utilization of electric vehicles (V2G-vehicle to grid) Furthermore an economic analysis of electric vehicle utilization is performed and the results are compared with the conventional diesel vehicle To accomplish this aim the availability of passenger cars in Germany to be plugged into the grid shewed to be high at any time over the day (>89%) which is advantageous for the V2G concept The impact of the different electric vehicle charging strategies is investigated by employing three scenarios The first scenario (unmanaged charging) shows that 1 mil electric vehicles only impacts slightly on the daily peak electricity demand In the second scenario (Grid stabilizing storage use) a maximum reductions of grid fluctuations of 16% can be achieved with the use of 1 mil electric vehicles as storage The last scenario (profit maximization by power trading) the maximum daily revenues from V2G activitiess are calculated to be 0 68 EUR2009 (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved