Article
Energy & Fuels
Yixing Li, Fabian Grimm, Juergen Karl
Summary: This paper presents an experimental study on the conversion of naphthalene on a single planar electrolyte-supported cell with varying temperature and naphthalene concentration. The incomplete conversion of naphthalene not only hinders the reforming of methane but also slows down the kinetics of electrochemical reaction. However, the produced hydrogen from steam reforming reaction still prevents Ni re-oxidation under higher fuel utilization in H2 gas mixture.
Article
Electrochemistry
Yixing Li, Fabian Grimm, Juergen Karl
Summary: This study focuses on the experimental and numerical analysis of tar conversion on a single SOFC under different conditions. The conversion kinetics of tar is validated and implemented into a threedimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. The model demonstrates the local distributions of Nernst voltage across the anode area and identifies areas where nickel oxidation is likely to occur. Both experimental and simulative results have confirmed the positive effect of toluene reforming on preventing nickel re-oxidation.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Martinus Dewa, Wendy Yu, Nilesh Dale, A. Mohammed Hussain, M. Grant Norton, Su Ha
Summary: Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell (MS-SOFC) is a current research interest in the clean energy field, requiring an internal reforming catalyst to efficiently operate with complex hydrocarbon and logistic fuels. The performance of MS-SOFCs and conventional SOFCs can be improved by adding reforming catalysts, and novel methods have been proposed to enhance the performance and stability of MS-SOFCs under hydrocarbon and logistics fuel.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yaolin Wang, Zinan Liao, Stephanie Mathieu, Feng Bin, Xin Tu
Summary: A hybrid machine learning model has been developed for predicting and optimizing a gliding arc plasma tar reforming process using naphthalene as a model tar compound. The model, which combines three algorithms, shows good agreement between experimental data and predicted results. Optimization of hyper-parameters using genetic algorithm reveals the critical parameters for conversion and energy efficiency, leading to identification of optimal processing parameters for achieving maximum tar conversion, carbon balance, and energy efficiency.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yawen Liu, Lina Liu, Xungang Diao, Jie Liang, Chunfei Wu, Yifei Sun
Summary: In this study, Ni-modified ZSM-5 catalysts were prepared using a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis method and used for steam reforming of naphthalene. The effects of reaction temperature, silica-alumina ratio, and metal content on the catalytic performance were investigated. It was found that an appropriate metal content contributes to the catalyst's performance.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Alexandra J. Frainetti, Naomi B. Klinghoffer
Summary: Biomass gasification to form syngas is a promising renewable energy production process. This review discusses the use of biochar as a catalyst to improve the generation of tars during the gasification process. It provides detailed information on the characteristics and catalytic function of biochar, and recommends further areas for research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Mohamad Fairus Rabuni, Tao Li, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Faidzul Hakim Adnan, Kang Li
Summary: The main advantage of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) in fuel flexibility is an interesting subject for further exploration. Recent studies have shown promising results in the direct utilization of hydrocarbons as fuel for SOFCs, with various approaches described for using methane and heavier hydrocarbons. The use of hydrocarbons can occur through direct internal reforming or gradual internal reforming, with precautionary measures to mitigate carbon formation. The focus of further research is on refining strategies, enhancing efficiency, and ensuring long-term stability and performance of hydrocarbon-fueled SOFC systems.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
B. B. Skabelund, R. J. Milcarek
Summary: This review explores the recent progress in thermal partial oxidation, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and integrated setups. It discusses the challenges and opportunities in achieving super-adiabatic conditions for synthesis gas generation, and explores the tradeoff between reformer optimization, SOFC performance optimization, and integration limitations. The review highlights key opportunities in thermal management for rapid startup and thermal cycling.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Danhua Mei, Shiyun Liu, Jale Yanik, Gartzen Lopez, Martin Olazar, Zhi Fang, Xin Tu
Summary: This study proposes a hybrid plasma-catalytic system for steam reforming of tar compounds over honeycomb-based catalysts in a gliding arc discharge (GAD) reactor. The presence of Ni/γ-Al2O3 gives the best performance with high conversions of toluene and naphthalene, and yields of H2 and CO while inhibiting the formation of byproducts. Characterization of the used catalyst shows strong carbon resistance and excellent stability of the honeycomb material coated with Ni/γ-Al2O3.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shanhui Zhao, Yunliang Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the interaction between bio-char surface and naphthalene at the molecular level using both experiment and density functional theory (DFT). The results showed that oxygenated functional groups on the bio-char surface weakened the electron cloud density of adjacent carbon atoms, facilitating the adsorption of naphthalene. Unpaired electrons on the bio-char surface enhanced its reactivity. Chemisorption of naphthalene on the bio-char surface changed the electron density distribution and greatly enhanced tar decomposition.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Long Han, Kaili Ma, Yuelun Wu, Nijie Jing, Liang Jin, Pingjiang Wu, Guoqiang Xu, Jia Xia, Chengkun Zhang
Summary: The study developed a synthesized absorbent Fe/Ca-Al with enhanced CO2 absorption ability and mechanical strength, as well as improved heavy tar elimination performance. It provides useful information and possible solutions for overcoming development obstacles in calcium looping gasification processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Mariarita Santoro, Elisabetta Di Bartolomeo, Igor Luisetto, A. S. Arico, G. Squadrito, S. C. Zignani, M. Lo Faro
Summary: Investigated the indirect internal dry reforming occurring in the anodic chamber of a SOFC as a method to simplify feed management and improve performance.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sweta Singh, Soubhik Kumar Bhaumik, Li Dong, Hari Vuthaluru
Summary: The integration of adsorption treatment in steam catalytic tar reforming using biochar significantly improves the removal of tar components, especially at low temperatures. The two-step process shows substantial removal of light tar compounds, with reforming contributing 40% and adsorption contributing 60% to the overall tar removal.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Onochie Okonkwo, Huang Zhang, Kenneth Li, Qianfeng Liu, Pratim Biswas
Summary: A holistic analysis of hydrocarbon reforming using equilibrium calculations was conducted to determine the optimal reforming feed composition for hydrogen and synthesis gas production. The findings suggest that reforming with methane provides the best opportunity for carbon dioxide incorporation.
JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Michael Hoeber, Benjamin Koenigshofer, Hartmuth Schroettner, Harald Fitzek, Norbert H. Menzler, Christoph Hochenauer, Vanja Subotic
Summary: This study compares the effects of direct internal reforming (DIR) and external methane reforming on the performance of a large planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) at different operating temperatures and methane flow rates. The results indicate that the structure and sealing of the cell can be damaged or accelerated by high temperature gradients induced by DIR. These findings are important for controlling and managing the use of carbon-containing fuels in real-world SOFC applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jonas M. Leimert, Michael Neubert, Peter Treiber, Marius Dillig, Juergen Karl
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Abdessamad Saidi, Christoph Trinkl, Fosca Conti, Markus Goldbrunner, Juergen Karl
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sebastian Staub, Peter Bazan, Konstantinos Braimakis, Dominik Mueller, Christoph Regensburger, Daniel Scharrer, Bernd Schmitt, Daniel Steger, Reinhard German, Sotirios Karellas, Marco Pruckner, Eberhard Schluecker, Stefan Will, Juergen Karl
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bernhard Gatternig, Juergen Karl
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2019)
Article
Optics
Leo A. Bahr, Peter Fendt, Yin Pang, Juergen Karl, Thomas Hammer, Andreas S. Braeuer, Stefan Will
Article
Energy & Fuels
Thomas Plankenbuehler, Dominik Mueller, Juergen Karl
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yin Pang, Hannah Bosch, Thomas Hammer, Dominik Mueller, Juergen Karl
WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yin Pang, Thomas Hammer, Dominik Mueller, Juergen Karl
Article
Energy & Fuels
Martin Thema, Tobias Weidlich, Manuel Hoerl, Annett Bellack, Friedemann Moers, Florian Hackl, Matthias Kohlmayer, Jasmin Gleich, Carsten Stabenau, Thomas Trabold, Michael Neubert, Felix Ortloff, Raimund Brotsack, Doris Schmack, Harald Huber, Doris Hafenbradl, Juergen Karl, Michael Sterner
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yin Pang, Thomas Hammer, Dominik Mueller, Juergen Karl
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fabian Grimm, Michael Neubert, Juergen Karl, Norbert H. Menzler, Olivier Guillon
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2020)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dominik Mueller, Thomas Plankenbuehler, Juergen Karl
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alexander Hauser, Philipp Wolf-Zoellner, Stephane Haag, Stefano Dettori, Xiaoliang Tang, Moein Mighani, Ismael Matino, Claudio Mocci, Valentina Colla, Sebastian Kolb, Michael Bampaou, Kyriakos Panopoulos, Nina Kieberger, Katharina Rechberger, Juergen Karl
Summary: This paper presents an experimental demonstration of producing methane and methanol from process off-gases generated in a steel plant using hydrogen-intensified syntheses. The results show high conversions and yields, as well as stable response to dynamic changes in load and feed gas composition.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alexander Hauser, Michael Neubert, Alexander Feldner, Alexander Horn, Fabian Grimm, Juergen Karl
Summary: This study discusses the methanation process as a way to store renewable energy in a future energy system. By utilizing additive manufacturing methods, a novel reactor called 'ADDmeth' is designed to maximize methane yield and has the advantages of compactness and low cost.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Alexander Hauser, Alexander Feldner, Peter Treiber, Fabian Grimm, Jurgen Karl
Summary: The path to European climate neutrality by 2050 will require comprehensive changes in all areas of life. For large industries such as steelworks, this results in the need for climate-friendly technologies. However, the age structure of existing steelworks makes transitional solutions such as carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) necessary as short-term measures.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianyu Chen, Zhibin Lu, Guangjin Zeng, Yongmin Xie, Jie Xiao, Zhifeng Xu
Summary: The study introduces a high-performance LSGM electrolyte-supported tubular DC-SOFC stack for portable applications, which shows great potential in developing into high-performing, efficient, and environmentally friendly portable power sources for distributed applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenbin Tong, Yili Chen, Shijie Gong, Shaokun Zhu, Jie Tian, Jiaqian Qin, Wenyong Chen, Shuanghong Chen
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional porous NiO interface layer with enhanced anode dynamics is fabricated, forming a Schottky contact with the zinc substrate, allowing rapid and uniform zinc plating both inside and below the interface layer. The resulting NiO@Zn exhibits exceptional stability and high capacity retention.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yafeng Bai, Kaidi Li, Liying Wang, Yang Gao, Xuesong Li, Xijia Yang, Wei Lu
Summary: In this study, a flexible zinc ion supercapacitor with gel electrolytes, porous alpha-MnO2@reduced graphene oxide cathode, and activated carbon/carbon cloth anode was developed. The device exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and stability, even at low temperatures, with a high cycle retention rate after 5000 cycles.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anmol Jnawali, Matt D. R. Kok, Francesco Iacoviello, Daniel J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: This article presents the results of a systematic study on the electrochemical performance and mechanical changes in two types of commercial batteries with different anode chemistry. The study reveals that the swelling of anode layers in batteries with silicon-based components causes deformations in the jelly roll structure, but the presence of a small percentage of silicon does not significantly impact the cycling performance of the cells within the relevant state-of-health range for electric vehicles (EVs). The research suggests that there is room for improving the cell capacities by increasing the silicon loading in composite anodes to meet the increasing demands on EVs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yohandys A. Zulueta, My Phuong Pham-Ho, Minh Tho Nguyen
Summary: Advanced atomistic simulations were used to study ion transport in the Na- and K-doped lithium disilicate Li2Si2O5. The results showed that Na and K doping significantly enhanced Li ion diffusion and conduction in the material.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zongying Han, Hui Dong, Yanru Yang, Hao Yu, Zhibin Yang
Summary: An efficient phase inversion-impregnation approach is developed to fabricate BaO-decorated Ni8 mol% YSZ anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with anti-coking properties. BaO nanoislands are successfully introduced inside the Ni-YSZ anode, leading to higher peak power densities and improved stability in methane fuel. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the loading of BaO nanoislands facilitates carbon elimination by capturing and dissociating H2O molecules to generate OH.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Suresh Mamidi, Dan Na, Baeksang Yoon, Henu Sharma, Anil D. Pathak, Kisor Kumar Sahu, Dae Young Lee, Cheul-Ro Lee, Inseok Seo
Summary: Li-CO2 batteries, which utilize CO2 and have a high energy density, are hindered in practical applications due to slow kinetics and safety hazards. This study introduces a stable and highly conductive ceramic-based solid electrolyte and a metal-organic framework catalyst to improve the safety and performance of Li-CO2 batteries. The optimized Li-CO2 cell shows outstanding specific capacity and cycle life, and the post-cycling analysis reveals the degradation mechanism of the electrodes. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are also performed to understand the interactions between the catalyst and the host electrode. This research demonstrates the potential of MOF cathode catalyst for stable operation in Li-CO2 batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ganghua Xiang, Zhihuan Qiu, Huilong Fei, Zhigang Liu, Shuangfeng Yin, Yuen Wu
Summary: In this study, a CeFeOx-supported Pt single atoms and subnanometric clusters catalyst was developed, which exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and stability for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich stream through synergistic effect.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dimitrios Chatzogiannakis, Marcus Fehse, Maria Angeles Cabanero, Natalia Romano, Ashley Black, Damien Saurel, M. Rosa Palacin, Montse Casas-Cabanas
Summary: By coupling electrochemical testing to operando synchrotron based X-ray absorption and powder diffraction experiments, blended positive electrodes consisting of LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO) and layered LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) were studied to understand their redox mechanism. It was found that blending NMC with LMO can enhance energy density at high rates, with the blend containing 25% LMO showing the best performance. Testing with a special electrochemical setup revealed that the effective current load on each blend component can vary significantly from the nominal rate and also changes with SoC. Operando studies allowed monitoring of the oxidation state evolution and changes in crystal structure, in line with the expected behavior of individual components considering their electrochemical current loads.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chiara Cementon, Daniel Dewar, Thrinathreddy Ramireddy, Michael Brennan, Alexey M. Glushenkov
Summary: This Perspective discusses the specific power and power density of lithium-ion capacitors, highlighting the fact that their power characteristics are often underestimated. Through analysis, it is found that lithium-ion capacitors can usually achieve power densities superior to electrochemical supercapacitors, making them excellent alternatives to supercapacitors.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weihao Wang, Hao Yu, Li Ma, Youquan Zhang, Yuejiao Chen, Libao Chen, Guichao Kuang, Liangjun Zhou, Weifeng Wei
Summary: This study achieved an improved electrolyte with excellent low-temperature and high-voltage performance by regulating the Li+ solvation structure and highly concentrating it. The electrolyte exhibited outstanding oxidation potential and high ionic conductivity under low temperature and high voltage conditions, providing a promising approach for the practical application of high-voltage LIBs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Martin Bures, Dan Gotz, Jiri Charvat, Milos Svoboda, Jaromir Pocedic, Juraj Kosek, Alexandr Zubov, Petr Mazur
Summary: Vanadium redox flow battery is a promising energy storage solution with long-term durability, non-flammability, and high overall efficiency. Researchers have developed a mathematical model to simulate the charge-discharge cycling of the battery, and found that hydraulic connection of electrolyte tanks is the most effective strategy to reduce capacity losses, achieving a 69% reduction.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Rodriguez-Gomez, J. Campo, A. Orera, F. de La Fuente, J. Valenciano, H. Fricke, D. S. Hussey, Y. Chen, D. Yu, K. An, A. Larrea
Summary: In this study, we analysed the operando performance of industrial lead cells using neutron diffraction experiments. The experiments revealed the evolution of different phases in the positive electrode, showed significant inhomogeneity of phase distribution inside the electrode, and estimated the energy efficiency of the cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Liu, Chenpeng Wang, Yue Yao, Hao Ye, Yinglong Liu, Yingli Liu, Xiaoru Xu, Zhicong Chen, Huazheng Yang, Gang Wu, Libin Lei, Chao Wang, Bo Liang
Summary: The study focuses on utilizing double conductive Ni-pads as anode collectors in micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells. The simulation results show excellent performance and stability of DCNPs, and also highlight the potential applications in various fields.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Wang, Kangjie Zhou, Lang Cui, Jiabing Mei, Shengnan Li, Le Li, Wei Fan, Longsheng Zhang, Tianxi Liu
Summary: This study presents a polyimide sandwiched separator (s-PIF) for improving the cycling stability of Li-metal batteries. The s-PIF separator exhibits superior mechanical property, electrolyte adsorption/retention and ion conductivity, and enables dendrite-free Li plating/stripping process.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)