Article
Thermodynamics
Domen Seruga, Ales Gosar, Caoimhe A. Sweeney, Joris Jaguemont, Joeri Van Mierlo, Marko Nagode
Summary: This paper presents a novel method for continuously tracking battery performance degradation under cyclic loading by introducing a damage parameter and using a hysteresis damage operator model. The approach requires only a small number of durability tests and accurately predicts the remaining battery life.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Gaizka Saldana, Jose Ignacio San Martin, Inmaculada Zamora, Francisco Javier Asensio, Oier Onederra, Mikel Gonzalez-Perez
Summary: This paper presents a calendar ageing model for nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) batteries used in commercialized electric vehicles. The model is based on experimental data and a power law to simulate the influence of storing time. The study finds that storing temperature and State of Charge (SoC) are the most harmful factors in the degradation of these batteries.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yunhong Che, Daniel-Ioan Stroe, Xiaosong Hu, Remus Teodorescu
Summary: This article proposes a novel semi-supervised self-learning method for battery lifetime prediction. Health indicators are extracted and used to reconstruct historical capacities for self-training of the lifetime model. The self-trained lifetime model is able to predict future degradation and provide probabilistic predictions of future capacities.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ivo Horstkoetter, Bernard Baeker
Summary: In battery-powered applications with high energy demands, the battery is one of the most expensive components. Predicting the battery's end-of-life is crucial due to the degradation process. A degradation modelling framework based on laboratory ageing studies has been introduced to simulate the expected time, cycles, and charge throughput until a given end-of-life criterion.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jianfei Zheng, Jincheng Ren, Jianxun Zhang, Hong Pei, Zhengxin Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes an iterative method for predicting the standby system's lifetime (SSL) by considering the storage degradation of spare parts. The operating and storage degradation processes are described, and an iterative solution for SSL prediction is provided.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jorn M. Reniers, Grietus Mulder, David A. Howey
Summary: Lithium-ion batteries are increasingly used in liberalized electricity systems driven by economic optimization. A physics-based degradation model can decrease battery degradation and increase revenue. The approach increases battery lifetime in terms of years and cycles, while also improving revenue potential.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ivo Horstkoetter, Philipp Gesner, Kerstin Hadler, Bernard Baeker
Summary: Understanding the degradation processes of lithium-ion cells is a current and pressing challenge, influenced by various operating conditions. Experimentation has shown that the discharge dynamics of a load profile significantly impact battery degradation, with higher current gradients resulting in larger degradation rates. This linear relationship between current gradient and degradation rate highlights the importance of considering dynamic influences in battery aging studies.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Olesja Starkova, Abedin I. Gagani, Christian W. Karl, Iuri B. C. M. Rocha, Juris Burlakovs, Andrey E. Krauklis
Summary: This review provides a systematic overview of models and accelerated testing methods for predicting the long-term mechanical performance of polymers and polymer composites. Modelling is an affordable alternative for reducing validation costs.
Article
Polymer Science
Eun Yeop Choi, Chang Keun Kim
Summary: Degradation of TPU encapsulants used in underwater acoustic sensors was examined by aging in seawater, and the lifetime of TPU encapsulants was estimated using an accelerated lifetime test. The hydrolysis degradation of TPU resulted in a decrease in tensile strength, and failure times were estimated based on changes in tensile strength over aging time. A prediction model based on Arrhenius equation and Weibull distribution was determined for the lifetime prediction of TPU encapsulants.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Xingjun Li, Dan Yu, Vilsen Soren Byg, Store Daniel Ioan
Summary: This study thoroughly investigates the developmental trend of machine learning algorithms in lithium-ion battery remaining useful life (RUL) prediction and explores the potential of extending battery lifetime using RUL prediction results.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Josu Olmos, Inigo Gandiaga, Andoni Saez-de-Ibarra, Xabier Larrea, Txomin Nieva, Iosu Aizpuru
Summary: This paper presents empirical cycling degradation models designed for NMC and LFP lithium-ion battery chemistries, built upon large sets of degradation data collected from the literature and validated with low mean absolute errors. The analysis of the models focuses on the impact of different stress factors on the overall degradation of the battery chemistries, providing guidance for selecting the best cell reference for a specific application.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ningshengjie Gao, Alexander W. Abboud, Gerard S. Mattei, Zhuo Li, Adam A. Corrao, Chengcheng Fang, Boryann Liaw, Ying Shirley Meng, Peter G. Khalifah, Eric J. Dufek, Bin Li
Summary: This study proposes a non-destructive diagnostic method based on rest voltages and coulombic efficiency to easily distinguish different failure mechanisms in lithium metal batteries, and quickly predict the maximum lifetime of the battery, which is crucial for optimizing battery design and operating conditions.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Stavros Papadopoulos, Nikolaos Dimitriou, Anastasios Drosou, Dimitrios Tzovaras
Summary: This paper explores the deterioration modelling of ageing phenomena on materials and proposes a Deep Learning framework that can simulate spatial and temporal variations of materials, as well as changes in color images. By extensively measuring the texture and surface geometry of artificially aged reference materials, an improved conditional Generative Adversarial Network model is introduced to map input materials to degraded materials over time.
SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lisheng Zhang, Wentao Wang, Hanqing Yu, Zheng Zhang, Xianbin Yang, Fengwei Liang, Shen Li, Shichun Yang, Xinhua Liu
Summary: This paper proposes a fusion of deep learning model and feature analysis methods for accurate estimation of battery health conditions and remaining useful life. Experimental results show that the deep learning model exhibits high accuracy and stability in early estimation.
Article
Polymer Science
Jielin Ma, Yan Yang, Qi Wang, Yuheng Deng, Malvern Yap, Wen Kwang Chern, Joo Tien Oh, Zhong Chen
Summary: Insulation failure of composite epoxy insulation materials in distribution switchgear under the stress of heat and humidity is a significant problem. This study investigated the aging behavior of composite epoxy insulation materials under different temperature and humidity conditions. Tensile strength and ester carbonyl bond absorption were identified as failure criteria. A lifetime prediction model was established, and the material degradation mechanism was related to the hydrolysis of epoxy resin ester bonds.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hendrik Pegel, Dominik Wycisk, Alexander Scheible, Luca Tendera, Arnulf Latz, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: Various automobile manufacturers are using large-format cylindrical lithium-ion cells with innovative tab design for future vehicles. This study focuses on a cylindrical lithium-ion cell with a novel full-tab design and advanced cathode and anode materials for automotive high-performance applications. The internal heat path of the enhanced tab design is accurately modeled and validated, and the spatially-resolved physico-chemical model is extensively validated with experimental data. The validated model is used to investigate optimal fast-charging times and thermal management strategies for large-format cylindrical cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Alexander Reiter, Susanne Lehner, Oliver Bohlen, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: In recent years, digital twins for large-scale and investment-intensive Li-ion battery systems in marine and stationary applications have gained increasing interest. Considering electrical cell-to-cell variations (CtCVs) within the battery model of such a digital twin offers advantages in model-based optimization and predictive maintenance. However, existing approaches for the characterization and modeling of CtCVs are not suitable for large-scale systems. This paper presents a holistic tool chain consisting of a non-destructive method for in-situ determination of resistance and capacity distributions, parameterization of a multi-cell battery model, and simplification through multivariate statistical analysis.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lucas Koltermann, Karl Konstantin Drenker, Mauricio Eduardo Celi Cortes, Kevin Jacque, Jan Figgener, Sebastian Zurmuehlen, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: Large-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS) are already important in ancillary service markets worldwide, with batteries being suitable for applications with fast response times. However, the overall system response time of current BESS for future grid services has not been extensively studied. Measurements of a 6 MW BESS's inverters show that the response times can meet current standards even with older hardware, but hardware upgrades may be necessary for even faster future grid services.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Correction
Chemistry, Physical
Logan Ward, Susan Barbinec, Eric J. Dufek, David A. Howey, Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan, Muratahan Aykol, David A. C. Beck, Benjamin Blaiszik, Bor-Rong Chen, George Crabtree, Simon Clark, Valerio De Angelis, Philipp Dechent, Matthieu Dubarry, Erica E. Eggleton, Donal P. Finegan, Ian Foster, Chirranjeevi Balaji Gopal, Patrick K. Herring, Victor W. Hu, Noah H. Paulson, Yuliya Preger, Dirk Uwe-Sauer, Kandler Smith, Seth W. Snyder, Shashank Sripad, Tanvir R. Tanim, Linnette Teo
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhongbao Wei, Xiaofeng Yang, Yang Li, Hongwen He, Weihan Li, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: This paper proposes a machine learning-based fast charging strategy for lithium-ion batteries. By using a reduced-order electrochemical-thermal model in the cloud, the soft actor-critic deep reinforcement learning algorithm is exploited to train the strategy. Hardware-in-Loop tests and experiments show that the proposed strategy effectively mitigates risks and improves the safety and longevity of batteries during fast charging. Compared to the commonly-used empirical protocol, the proposed approach extends the battery cycle life by about 75%.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Daniel Martin Brieske, Alexander Warnecke, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: As an alternative to lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries have shown great potential due to their higher energy density, improved safety, and lower material costs. In the next few years, it is possible to achieve an energy density of 500-600Wh kg-1. However, there are still challenges in commercializing and monitoring the condition of these batteries.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hubert Maximilian Sistig, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: Driven by global and local environmental concerns, public transport operators are transitioning to battery-powered electric buses. The total cost of ownership is the most crucial factor in choosing the electric bus concept. This paper analyzes the relationship between electrification and operational planning, focusing on vehicle scheduling and crew scheduling.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Christopher Hecht, Jan Figgener, Xiaohui Li, Lei Zhang, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: Electric vehicles are becoming dominant in the global automobile market due to their environmental friendliness. This paper creates standard load profiles for different power levels, station sizes, and operating environments based on a large-scale empirical dataset. The study reveals that the average power per charge point increases with rated station power, especially for power above 100 kW, and decreases with the number of charge points per station for AC chargers. It also shows how the shape of the power curve largely depends on the station environment, with urban settings experiencing the highest average power of 0.71 kW on average, resulting in an annual energy sale of 6.2 MWh. These findings suggest that the rated grid capacity can be lower than the sum of the rated power of each charge point.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Alexander Epp, Sunny Rai, Finn van Ginneken, Andreas Varchmin, Juergen Koehler, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: This article proposes a methodology for optimizing cooling plate topologies in the concept phase of battery system development, using a lumped-mass modeling approach and parameter preselection. It enables quick and efficient evaluation of different liquid cooling plate designs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Philipp Dechent, Elias Barbers, Alexander Epp, Dominik Joest, Weihan Li, Dirk Uwe Sauer, Susanne Lehner
Summary: This paper presents a detailed correlation index of health indicators for lithium-ion batteries, which is important for cell selection and reducing cell-to-cell spread. The health indicators considered include impedance measurements at different pulse lengths, capacity values at different discharge procedures and checkups, weight, and initial voltage. The study is based on four different aging datasets, including variations in cell chemistry (NMC, LFP, NCA), cell type (round, prismatic), as well as size and designated application (consumer, automotive). A publicly available dataset is included for easy replication of the results.
Article
Electrochemistry
Katharina Lilith Quade, Dominik Joest, Dirk Uwe Sauer, Weihan Li
Summary: An accurate estimation of the residual energy, State of Energy (SoE), is crucial for battery diagnostics in electric vehicles. Existing literature lacks in-depth analysis and comparison of SoE estimation methods. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of SoE by discussing various definitions and estimation approaches. Two physically feasible definitions are proposed, and the practical challenges of SoE estimation are critically analyzed. Experimental evaluation highlights the underestimation of residual energy by the State of Charge, emphasizing the importance of accurate SoE estimation.
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Valentin Steininger, Peter Huesson, Katharina Rumpf, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: This study aims to generate virtual customer driving data of mild-hybrid electric vehicles using automotive simulation models and stochastic customer driving profiles, in order to establish a simulation database for model training purposes and conduct lifetime simulations for new vehicles in the market. Mapping algorithms ensure a realistic representation of individual customer driving behavior. The results show significant differences in aging implications due to individual driving behavior and environmental conditions, with Asian customers exhibiting about 33% higher aging rate per driven kilometer compared to European customers during a 10-year simulation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sebastian Klick, Gereon Stahl, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: This paper investigates the influence of electrolyte volume on the degradation of lithium-ion batteries and finds that cells with higher amounts of electrolyte degrade substantially slower. Based on electrical tests, a theory explaining the volume-dependent rise of resistance and capacity decay is proposed.
Article
Electrochemistry
Lucas Koltermann, Kevin Jacque, Jan Figgener, Sebastian Zurmuehlen, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: Large-scale battery storage systems have become popular for grid services, leading to increased competition in the market. An intelligent energy management system (EMS) is necessary for these systems, including a power distribution algorithm (SPDA) to control battery units. Field tests on a 6 MW/7.5 MWh system validated the SPDA's ability to exploit individual technological strengths and reduce cyclic aging by shifting energy throughput.
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Hendrik Pegel, Stefan Schaeffler, Andreas Jossen, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Summary: This study extensively characterizes the thermal runaway and thermal propagation characteristics of large-format tabless cylindrical cells with aluminum housing and laser welded endcaps. The results provide insights into the challenges and safety measures associated with the use of aluminum housing in these cells.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianyu Chen, Zhibin Lu, Guangjin Zeng, Yongmin Xie, Jie Xiao, Zhifeng Xu
Summary: The study introduces a high-performance LSGM electrolyte-supported tubular DC-SOFC stack for portable applications, which shows great potential in developing into high-performing, efficient, and environmentally friendly portable power sources for distributed applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenbin Tong, Yili Chen, Shijie Gong, Shaokun Zhu, Jie Tian, Jiaqian Qin, Wenyong Chen, Shuanghong Chen
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional porous NiO interface layer with enhanced anode dynamics is fabricated, forming a Schottky contact with the zinc substrate, allowing rapid and uniform zinc plating both inside and below the interface layer. The resulting NiO@Zn exhibits exceptional stability and high capacity retention.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yafeng Bai, Kaidi Li, Liying Wang, Yang Gao, Xuesong Li, Xijia Yang, Wei Lu
Summary: In this study, a flexible zinc ion supercapacitor with gel electrolytes, porous alpha-MnO2@reduced graphene oxide cathode, and activated carbon/carbon cloth anode was developed. The device exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and stability, even at low temperatures, with a high cycle retention rate after 5000 cycles.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anmol Jnawali, Matt D. R. Kok, Francesco Iacoviello, Daniel J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: This article presents the results of a systematic study on the electrochemical performance and mechanical changes in two types of commercial batteries with different anode chemistry. The study reveals that the swelling of anode layers in batteries with silicon-based components causes deformations in the jelly roll structure, but the presence of a small percentage of silicon does not significantly impact the cycling performance of the cells within the relevant state-of-health range for electric vehicles (EVs). The research suggests that there is room for improving the cell capacities by increasing the silicon loading in composite anodes to meet the increasing demands on EVs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yohandys A. Zulueta, My Phuong Pham-Ho, Minh Tho Nguyen
Summary: Advanced atomistic simulations were used to study ion transport in the Na- and K-doped lithium disilicate Li2Si2O5. The results showed that Na and K doping significantly enhanced Li ion diffusion and conduction in the material.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zongying Han, Hui Dong, Yanru Yang, Hao Yu, Zhibin Yang
Summary: An efficient phase inversion-impregnation approach is developed to fabricate BaO-decorated Ni8 mol% YSZ anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with anti-coking properties. BaO nanoislands are successfully introduced inside the Ni-YSZ anode, leading to higher peak power densities and improved stability in methane fuel. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the loading of BaO nanoislands facilitates carbon elimination by capturing and dissociating H2O molecules to generate OH.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Suresh Mamidi, Dan Na, Baeksang Yoon, Henu Sharma, Anil D. Pathak, Kisor Kumar Sahu, Dae Young Lee, Cheul-Ro Lee, Inseok Seo
Summary: Li-CO2 batteries, which utilize CO2 and have a high energy density, are hindered in practical applications due to slow kinetics and safety hazards. This study introduces a stable and highly conductive ceramic-based solid electrolyte and a metal-organic framework catalyst to improve the safety and performance of Li-CO2 batteries. The optimized Li-CO2 cell shows outstanding specific capacity and cycle life, and the post-cycling analysis reveals the degradation mechanism of the electrodes. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are also performed to understand the interactions between the catalyst and the host electrode. This research demonstrates the potential of MOF cathode catalyst for stable operation in Li-CO2 batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ganghua Xiang, Zhihuan Qiu, Huilong Fei, Zhigang Liu, Shuangfeng Yin, Yuen Wu
Summary: In this study, a CeFeOx-supported Pt single atoms and subnanometric clusters catalyst was developed, which exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and stability for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich stream through synergistic effect.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dimitrios Chatzogiannakis, Marcus Fehse, Maria Angeles Cabanero, Natalia Romano, Ashley Black, Damien Saurel, M. Rosa Palacin, Montse Casas-Cabanas
Summary: By coupling electrochemical testing to operando synchrotron based X-ray absorption and powder diffraction experiments, blended positive electrodes consisting of LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO) and layered LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) were studied to understand their redox mechanism. It was found that blending NMC with LMO can enhance energy density at high rates, with the blend containing 25% LMO showing the best performance. Testing with a special electrochemical setup revealed that the effective current load on each blend component can vary significantly from the nominal rate and also changes with SoC. Operando studies allowed monitoring of the oxidation state evolution and changes in crystal structure, in line with the expected behavior of individual components considering their electrochemical current loads.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chiara Cementon, Daniel Dewar, Thrinathreddy Ramireddy, Michael Brennan, Alexey M. Glushenkov
Summary: This Perspective discusses the specific power and power density of lithium-ion capacitors, highlighting the fact that their power characteristics are often underestimated. Through analysis, it is found that lithium-ion capacitors can usually achieve power densities superior to electrochemical supercapacitors, making them excellent alternatives to supercapacitors.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weihao Wang, Hao Yu, Li Ma, Youquan Zhang, Yuejiao Chen, Libao Chen, Guichao Kuang, Liangjun Zhou, Weifeng Wei
Summary: This study achieved an improved electrolyte with excellent low-temperature and high-voltage performance by regulating the Li+ solvation structure and highly concentrating it. The electrolyte exhibited outstanding oxidation potential and high ionic conductivity under low temperature and high voltage conditions, providing a promising approach for the practical application of high-voltage LIBs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Martin Bures, Dan Gotz, Jiri Charvat, Milos Svoboda, Jaromir Pocedic, Juraj Kosek, Alexandr Zubov, Petr Mazur
Summary: Vanadium redox flow battery is a promising energy storage solution with long-term durability, non-flammability, and high overall efficiency. Researchers have developed a mathematical model to simulate the charge-discharge cycling of the battery, and found that hydraulic connection of electrolyte tanks is the most effective strategy to reduce capacity losses, achieving a 69% reduction.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Rodriguez-Gomez, J. Campo, A. Orera, F. de La Fuente, J. Valenciano, H. Fricke, D. S. Hussey, Y. Chen, D. Yu, K. An, A. Larrea
Summary: In this study, we analysed the operando performance of industrial lead cells using neutron diffraction experiments. The experiments revealed the evolution of different phases in the positive electrode, showed significant inhomogeneity of phase distribution inside the electrode, and estimated the energy efficiency of the cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Liu, Chenpeng Wang, Yue Yao, Hao Ye, Yinglong Liu, Yingli Liu, Xiaoru Xu, Zhicong Chen, Huazheng Yang, Gang Wu, Libin Lei, Chao Wang, Bo Liang
Summary: The study focuses on utilizing double conductive Ni-pads as anode collectors in micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells. The simulation results show excellent performance and stability of DCNPs, and also highlight the potential applications in various fields.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Wang, Kangjie Zhou, Lang Cui, Jiabing Mei, Shengnan Li, Le Li, Wei Fan, Longsheng Zhang, Tianxi Liu
Summary: This study presents a polyimide sandwiched separator (s-PIF) for improving the cycling stability of Li-metal batteries. The s-PIF separator exhibits superior mechanical property, electrolyte adsorption/retention and ion conductivity, and enables dendrite-free Li plating/stripping process.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)