Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Blanca Gavilan-Carrera, Alberto Soriano-Maldonado, Juan Diego Mediavilla-Garcia, Carl J. Lavie, Jose Antonio Vargas-Hitos
Summary: Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are common in patients using statin drugs, but not all symptoms are caused by the drugs, negative expectations could also play a role. Physical activity is important for managing cardiovascular disease risk, but the evidence of increased creatine-kinase levels in statin-treated athletes has been wrongly generalized. The potential of reducing sedentary behavior and resistance training has been overlooked in current guidelines.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kush K. Patel, Viren S. Sehgal, Khosrow Kashfi
Summary: Statins are a widely used class of drugs for managing hypercholesterolemia and preventing secondary heart attacks. While they have pleiotropic effects, they also have adverse effects, especially when co-administered with other medications, herbal agents, and foods.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mehrad Nikravesh, Masoud Mahdavinia, Niloofar Neisi, Layasadat Khorsandi, Mohammad Javad Khodayar
Summary: The study examined the protective effects of citicoline against arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity and glucose intolerance. Citicoline improved glucose tolerance, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver. Furthermore, it restored insulin production and action pathways. Based on these findings, citicoline can be considered as a modulating agent for arsenic-induced liver toxicity and hyperglycemia.
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Qiongyang Yu, Xiurui Ma, Yunan Wang, Haozhe Shi, Jian An, Yuhui Wang, Zhen Dong, Yijing Lu, Junbo Ge, George Liu, Xunde Xian, Aijun Sun
Summary: Statins are inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, involved in cholesterol synthesis, with major side effects including muscle- and liver-related toxicity. Studies suggest that dietary cholesterol significantly contributes to statin-related hepatotoxicity. In both animal and human studies, higher dietary cholesterol intake was associated with increased incidence of liver damage in response to statin treatment.
CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chunyan Wei, Wanhong Yin, Zhiyao He, Bin Wu
Summary: This study evaluated the muscular toxicity of the combination therapy of daptomycin and statins using a large pharmacovigilance database. The results showed that the combination of daptomycin with rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, and simvastatin increased the reporting frequency of myopathy. Additionally, the combination of daptomycin with these statins also increased the frequency of rhabdomyolysis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Joshua Zechner, Susan M. Britza, Rachael Farrington, Roger W. Byard, Ian F. Musgrave
Summary: Statin inhibitors are a common treatment for hyperlipidemic cardiovascular diseases, but they may cause adverse effects. Little attention has been given to interactions between herbal medicines and statins. Flavonoids, a type of phytochemical, may increase the risk of statin-induced myopathy. This review aims to discuss the interactions between high dose flavonoids and hepatic CYP450 metabolism, OATP uptake, and HMG-CoA reductase.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
James P. Howard, Frances A. Wood, Judith A. Finegold, Alexandra N. Nowbar, David M. Thompson, Ahran D. Arnold, Christopher A. Rajkumar, Susan Connolly, Jaimini Cegla, Chris Stride, Peter Sever, Christine Norton, Simon A. M. Thom, Matthew J. Shun-Shin, Darrel P. Francis
Summary: The study found that the majority of symptoms caused by statin tablets were actually due to the placebo effect, suggesting that clinicians should be cautious when attributing symptoms to the medication. The research also indicated that there was no significant difference between abandoning statins and placebos, and the relief of symptoms after stopping medication was similar in both groups.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
M. Casula, M. Gazzotti, F. Bonaiti, E. OImastroni, M. Arca, M. Averna, A. Zambon, A. L. Catapano
Summary: The PROSISA study found that 9.6% of dyslipidaemic patients reported statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS), with only one third of patients still reporting SAMS after dechallenge/rechallenge.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Brian Lu, Laura Sun, Manuel Seraydarian, Thomas J. Hoffmann, Marisa W. Medina, Neil Risch, Carlos Iribarren, Ronald M. Krauss, Akinyemi Oni-Orisan
Summary: The study identified an association between the c.521T>C variant allele in the SLCO1B1 gene and statin-induced myotoxicity. Homozygous carriers of the C allele had increased risk of myopathy with simvastatin and lovastatin. The association with atorvastatin users was less clear and further research is needed to confirm this relationship.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rene de Beer, Kim Outhoff, Alisa Phulukdaree, Prashilla Soma
Summary: The study found no significant association between SLCO1B1 gene mutations and statin intolerance in the South African population, providing a basis for more personalized statin therapy strategies.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ignazio Giuseppe Arena, Alessia Pugliese, Sara Volta, Antonio Toscano, Olimpia Musumeci
Summary: Mitochondrial disorders are common, inherited conditions characterized by defects in oxidative phosphorylation caused by mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial genes. Skeletal muscle is typically affected due to its high energy demand. Advances in next-generation sequencing techniques have improved diagnosis and identified new therapeutic targets. An increasing number of mutations have been found to be responsible for mitochondrial disorders.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Yuan Li, Litao Li, Xiaoling Sha, Kuo Zhang, Guang Li, Yiguang Ma, Jin Zhou, Yanfei Hao, Zhong Zhang, Xu Cui, Pei-Fu Tang, Lei Wang, Hao Wang
Summary: The study utilized instant hydrogelation technology to in situ encapsulate drugs onto implants intraoperatively, optimizing drug release against osteoarticular tuberculosis. This technique effectively inhibited bone destruction and inflammation from TB in vivo, better than previous ex situ prepared drug delivery systems.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shahrzad Molavinia, Mehrnoosh Moosavi, Sara Hejazi, Reza Azadnasab, Esrafil Mansouri, Mohammad Javad Khodayar
Summary: The study demonstrates that MET treatment can effectively ameliorate NaAsO2-induced hepatotoxicity and glucose intolerance. These effects may be exerted through the regulation of oxidative stress, followed by suppression of inflammation and apoptosis.
JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Branislava Raicevic, Slobodan Jankovic
Summary: This study investigated the risk factors for gastrointestinal complaints in patients on metformin therapy. It found that higher body mass index, living at higher altitudes, anemia, and recent intestinal infections increased the risk, while the use of statins was protective. Therefore, it is important to carefully investigate each case of metformin intolerance for potential risk and protective factors.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvia Attardo, Olimpia Musumeci, Daniele Velardo, Antonio Toscano
Summary: Statins, commonly prescribed for high-risk patients with cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases, may cause neuromuscular side effects and potentially lead to neuromuscular damage. Clinical follow-up of patients can help identify early side effects and improve treatment approaches.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Abdul Wahab Hashmi, Harlal Singh Mali, Anoj Meena, Kuldeep K. Saxena, Ana Pilar Valerga Puerta, U. Sathish Rao, Dharam Buddhi, Kahtan A. Mohammed
Summary: The design and manufacture of medical implants is an important area of research, and this paper presents an experimental investigation on the post-processing of FDM printed knee implant replicas using AFM. The rheology of the AFM media is optimized to achieve maximum material removal rate, and the effects of the newly prepared AFM media on the FDM printed pattern are studied.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERACTIVE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING - IJIDEM
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Shivashankar Hiremath, Dundesh S. Chiniwar, Zorawar Singh, Ajit Behera, Kuldeep K. Saxena, H. M. Vishwanatha
Summary: Shear pins are used as a mechanical safeguard in assembly operations to protect other components. Solid shear pins currently used add to the total weight of an assembly, while hollow shear pins can be a suitable alternative. This study presents theoretical and computational analysis of modifying an industrially used solid shear pin into a hollow pin. The feasibility of replacing solid shear pins with hollow shear pins is checked through extensive modeling and simulation. It is found that using hollow un-notched pins is beneficial, but weight savings using hollow notched pins may not be feasible.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERACTIVE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING - IJIDEM
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
N. J. Rathod, M. K. Chopra, Prem Kumar Chaurasiya, S. H. Pawar, Damodar Tiwari, Rajan Kumar, Kuldeep K. Saxena, Dharam Buddhi
Summary: This study used the Taguchi technique to optimize the parameters for AISI 304 stainless steel material, aiming to increase tool life, shorten production times, and reduce surface roughness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERACTIVE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING - IJIDEM
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Reeya Agrawal, Sangeeta Singh, Kuldeep K. Saxena, Dharam Buddhi
Summary: This paper provides an introduction to different types of biomaterials, such as metal, ceramic, polymer, and composites, and their applications in repairing or replacing biological tissue. Biomaterials have high mechanical strength, are biocompatible, and take a long time to break down. They have made significant contributions to medical technology development.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART E-JOURNAL OF PROCESS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Panchanand Jha, G. Shaikshavali, M. Gowri Shankar, M. Dinesh Sai Ram, Din Bandhu, Kuldeep K. Saxena, Dharam Buddhi, Manoj Kumar Agrawal
Summary: In metal-cutting operations, the surface roughness of the end product is important for both aesthetic appearance and long-term performance. Surface finish affects the endurance limits and stresses of the product during mechanical operations. Surface roughness depends on machining factors, and predicting it can help reduce costs and increase product life. This study evaluates the surface roughness of AZ91 alloy during end milling using ensemble learning models, and proposes a hybrid ensemble model that combines random forest, gradient boosting, and a deep multi-layered neural network. Comparative analysis shows that the proposed hybrid model has the lowest error for surface roughness.
SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mithilesh K. K. Dikshit, Vimal K. K. Pathak, Reeya Agrawal, Kuldeep K. K. Saxena, Dharam Buddhi, Vinayak Malik
Summary: This research investigates the effect of TiAlN-coated and uncoated carbide inserts, as well as cutting parameters, on surface roughness in the hard turning of M2 tool steel. The study uses a central composite design and ANOVA to analyze the data. The results show that feed and rotational speed are the most significant parameters and TiAlN-coated carbide inserts provide better surface roughness.
SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Manufacturing
Tejendra Singh Singhal, Jinesh Kumar Jain, Manoj Kumar, Vishal Bhojak, Kuldeep Kumar Saxena, Dharam Buddhi, Chander Prakash
Summary: Conventional welding heat sources are used in metal additive manufacturing, but additive manufacturing allows for the production of higher-resolution components using CNC technologies. By comparing the two processes, this paper explores how the knowledge obtained in welding science can be applied to the emerging field of metal additive manufacturing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERACTIVE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING - IJIDEM
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Manufacturing
Nagendra Singh, Manoj Kumar Agrawal, Kuldeep K. Saxena, Sandeep Kumar, Chander Prakash
Summary: The goal of the ECAP method is to estimate the size of the thermal effect in an AA5083 system during deformation. This was achieved by analyzing the mechanical and physical characteristics of the metal during upsetting and its temperature using the Gleeble 3500 physical modelling complex. A database was created based on the results for modelling in the Deform-3D system. The ECAP process was modelled and the thermal fields and stress-strain state were examined.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERACTIVE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING - IJIDEM
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Harinadh Vemanaboina, Suresh Akella, Ramesh Kumar Buddu, Balram Yelamasetti, Mohan Babu Matam, Karrar Hazim Salem, Kuldeep K. Saxena, Chander Prakash, Dharam Buddhi
Summary: The welding process for nuclear vessels is important for temperature and residual stress. In this study, stainless steel material was used to simulate weldability by reaching melting at the Fusion zone with different weld input power and process time. Static thermoelastic process simulation was conducted using ANSYS, and isotherms in the transverse weld bead area were used to identify melting and phase change points in Fusion and HAZ. The distributions in Fusion, HAZ, and base material were evaluated in different directions. The residual stress along the transverse direction was compared with yield strength to evaluate weldability. The transverse analysis provided an understanding of structural stability. A single-pass weld process limit was obtained based on a feasible time and power source, and the thermoelastic distributions were studied.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERACTIVE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING - IJIDEM
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nishant Ranjan, Ranvijay Kumar, Sandeep Kumar, Deepak Kumar, Kuldeep K. Saxena
Summary: Innovative high-performance composite materials are required for modern manufacturing techniques like 3D printing, which need lightweight materials with high mechanical and thermal properties. Metal-reinforced polymer composites have emerged as a promising source for 3D printing applications in various sectors. The study determines the best suitability of materials for high-performance applications and discusses the potential applications of metals like Ag, Al, Cu, and Au in various industries.
ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ajit Kumar Naik, Rakesh Roshan, Nuha Hadi Jasim Al Hasan, Kuldeep Kumar Saxena, Manoj Kumar Agrawal, Kahtan A. Mohammed, Chander Prakash
Summary: The effect of electrode negative (EN) ratio on bead cross-section, mechanical properties, and microstructure was analyzed in this study. Welding was performed on MC-600 steel of 12.5 mm thickness using two passes in butt configuration at three different EN ratios ranging from 0.25 to 0.75. The penetration depth and bead width decreased, while the reinforcement height increased with an increase in EN ratio. The yield strength was not significantly affected, but the ultimate tensile strength slightly increased with an increase in EN ratio. Vickers hardness of the weld at the lowest and highest EN ratios was similar and slightly higher than that of the middle one. The impact toughness improved at all three locations with an increase in EN ratio.
ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zahraa Thabet Abdulameer, Nuha Hadi Jasim Al Hasan, Amer N. Jarad, Karrar Hazim Salem, Mohammed Ayad Alkhafaji, Rahman S. Zabibah, Kahtan A. Mohammed, Kuldeep K. Saxena, Harish Kumar, Chander Prakash, Manoj Kumar Agrawal
Summary: One-dimensional pure and Ni-doped zinc oxide nanorods were synthesized using a chemical bath technique. The optical, morphological, and structural properties of the nanorods were investigated. XRD analysis revealed that the crystal structure of both pure and Ni-doped nanorods was hexagonal, with slight shifts in diffraction angles. EDX testing confirmed the presence of Ni atoms in the ZnO, indicating successful doping. SEM analysis showed that the prepared materials had a nanorod morphology. Doping with Ni resulted in a red shift in the absorption spectrum and a decrease in the band gap from 3.72 eV for ZnO to 3.5 eV for ZnO:Ni.
ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Vishal Bhojak, Jinesh Kumar Jain, Kuldeep Kr Saxena, Bharat Singh, Kahtan A. Mohammed
Summary: Friction stir process (FSP) is a surface modification and composites fabrication process with no fumes generation and low energy requirement, making it a green technology. This review paper provides a brief overview of FSP and discusses the influence of key process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties. A case study on process parameter optimization is conducted to reduce defects and improve material properties.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Satbir Singh, Vivek Agrawal, Kuldeep Kr Saxena, Kahtan A. Mohammed
Summary: This study explores the context, reasons, and advantages of using TOPSIS in the materials science and engineering field. It presents a conceptual framework and finds that TOPSIS has been successfully applied in eleven industries in India, with comparable results to other more complex MCDM methods.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Aneesh Paul, Sujeet Kesharvani, Anjali Agrawal, Gaurav Dwivedi, Vishal Singh, Kuldeep K. Saxena
Summary: This article discusses the synthesis of nano clay or PMMA nanocomposites using a twin-screw extruder and analyzes their strength and wear. A compatibilizer is added during the synthesis process to improve the bonding between the clay and matrix. Tensile and flexural tests are conducted, and the wear resistance of the composites is assessed. The results show that increasing the filler content in the composite reduces its strength but improves its wear resistance.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART E-JOURNAL OF PROCESS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
