Prevalence of diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome in subjects with and without schizophrenia (CURES-104)

Background: There are some reports that diabetes and metabolic syndrome ( MS) are more prevalent among schizophrenia patients. However, there are very few studies in India which have estimated the prevalence of diabetes and MS in schizophrenia patients. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes, obesity, and MS in subjects with and without schizophrenia. Settings and Design: This case control study comprised of cases i.e. subjects with schizophrenia recruited from a schizophrenia centre at Chennai and controls i.e. healthy age- and gender-matched subjects without psychiatric illness selected from an ongoing epidemiological study in Chennai in a 1: 4 ratio of cases: Controls. Materials and Methods: Fasting plasma glucose and serum lipids were estimated for all subjects. Anthropometric measures including height, weight, and waist circumference were assessed. Diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were defined using American Diabetes Association criteria. Statistical analysis: One-way ANOVA or student's t test was used to compare continuous variables and Chi-square test to compare proportion between two groups. Results: The study group comprised of 655 subjects, 131 with schizophrenia and a control group of 524 subjects without schizophrenia. The prevalence of the diabetes, IFG, abdominal obesity and MS were significantly higher among subjects with schizophrenia compared to those without schizophrenia-diabetes (15.3% vs. 7.3%, P = 0.003), IFG (31.3% vs. 8.6%, P < 0.001), abdominal obesity (59.2% vs. 44.7%, P < 0.001), and MS (34.4% vs. 24%, P = 0.014). Conclusion: In subjects with schizophrenia, the prevalence of diabetes, IFG, abdominal obesity, and MS is significantly higher than in those without schizophrenia.