Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Brian M. Haines, J. P. Sauppe, P. A. Keiter, E. N. Loomis, T. Morrow, D. S. Montgomery, L. Kuettner, B. M. Patterson, T. E. Quintana, J. Field, M. Millot, P. Celliers, D. C. Wilson, H. F. Robey, R. F. Sacks, D. J. Stark, C. Krauland, M. Rubery
Summary: Double shell capsule implosions are an alternative approach to achieve alpha heating, but current machining techniques and features introduce asymmetries and jetting that need to be controlled. To achieve high yields, these features and sensitivity to RTI must be mitigated. Due to uncertainties in computational models and high costs, computational modeling must be constrained by experiments.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
C. R. Weber, D. S. Clark, D. T. Casey, G. N. Hall, O. Jones, O. Landen, A. Pak, V. A. Smalyuk
Summary: In inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions, the interface between the cryogenic DT fuel and the ablator is unstable to shock acceleration and constant acceleration. The Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RT) can produce oscillatory motion that stabilizes against the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RM) if the constant acceleration is in the direction of lighter material. This characteristic is now being incorporated into newer designs to improve compression while minimizing ablator mixing into the fuel.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
A. Lees, R. Betti, J. P. Knauer, V. Gopalaswamy, D. Patel, K. M. Woo, K. S. Anderson, E. M. Campbell, D. Cao, J. Carroll-Nellenback, R. Epstein, C. Forrest, V. N. Goncharov, D. R. Harding, S. X. Hu, I. V. Igumenshchev, R. T. Janezic, O. M. Mannion, P. B. Radha, S. P. Regan, A. Shvydky, R. C. Shah, W. T. Shmayda, C. Stoeckl, W. Theobald, C. Thomas
Summary: Statistical modeling has improved predictive capability for deuterium-tritium layered cryogenic implosions at the OMEGA laser, revealing dependencies of fusion yield and identifying degradation mechanisms. Adjusted for factors like tritium decay and l = 1 mode, the highest predicted yield in OMEGA cryogenic implosions exceeds 2 x 10^14 fusion reactions.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
S. R. Nagel, K. S. Raman, C. M. Huntington, S. A. MacLaren, P. Wang, J. D. Bender, S. T. Prisbrey, Y. Zhou
Summary: The hydrodynamic instability growth of a reshocked single-mode interface between high energy density fluids is studied. It is found that the reshock accelerates the transition to turbulence and the post-reshock growth rate is insensitive to the initial condition.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Xiumei Qiao, Ke Lan
Summary: The study introduces a novel HDC-CH capsule design that significantly reduces the ablation front growth factor, thus enhancing the potential for successful ICF ignition.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
J. Y. Fu, H. S. Zhang, H. B. Cai, P. L. Yao, S. P. Zhu
Summary: The effect of ablation on the nonlinear spike growth of single-mode ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) is studied. The study shows that ablation can reduce the quasi-constant velocity and suppress the reacceleration of the spike in the nonlinear phase. It is also found that the spike growth affects the ablation-generated vorticity inside the bubble, which further influences the nonlinear bubble acceleration. A model considering mass ablation and vorticity is developed to analyze the nonlinear bubble and spike growth of ablative RTI.
MATTER AND RADIATION AT EXTREMES
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
K. L. Baker, S. MacLaren, O. Jones, B. K. Spears, P. K. Patel, R. Nora, L. Divol, O. L. Landen, G. J. Anderson, J. Gaffney, M. Kruse, O. A. Hurricane, D. A. Callahan, A. R. Christopherson, J. Salmonson, E. P. Hartouni, T. Doppner, E. Dewald, R. Tommasini, C. A. Thomas, C. Weber, D. Clark, D. T. Casey, M. Hohenberger, S. Khan, T. Woods, J. L. Milovich, R. L. Berger, D. Strozzi, A. Kritcher, B. Bachmann, R. Benedetti, R. Bionta, P. M. Celliers, D. Fittinghoff, R. Hatarik, N. Izumi, M. Gatu Johnson, G. Kyrala, T. Ma, K. Meaney, M. Millot, S. R. Nagel, A. Pak, P. L. Volegov, C. Yeamans, C. Wilde
Summary: In order to understand the proximity to ignition of current layered implosions in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion, the level of alpha heating present needs to be measured. Experimental validation of current simulation-based methods of determining yield amplification was conducted through paired experiments, consisting of low-yield tritium-hydrogen-deuterium (THD) layered implosion and high-yield deuterium-tritium (DT) layered implosion. The THD capsules were designed to reduce DT neutron yield (alpha heating) while maintaining hydrodynamic similarity with the higher yield DT capsules. The measured yield ratio in these experiments allowed the determination of the alpha heating level in the DT layered implosions.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Brandon E. Morgan, Kevin Ferguson, Britton J. Olson
Summary: Two Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes models with full Reynolds-stress transport and tensor eddy viscosity are presented and validated in multiple experiments. The results show that these models can effectively reproduce the growth parameters and anisotropy of various canonical flows.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Victor Lherm, Renaud Deguen, Thierry Alboussiere, Maylis Landeau
Summary: This paper is associated with a video winner of a 2020 American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Gallery of Fluid Motion Award. The original video is available online at the Gallery of Fluid Motion website.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
C. A. Williams, R. Betti, V. Gopalaswamy, A. Lees
Summary: Simulation results suggest that achieving record neutron yields in laser-driven fusion on OMEGA is possible using large-outer-diameter targets with thin ice layers. Pulse designs that increase implosion velocities while maintaining stability are crucial for success, and improved stability during deceleration is observed due to enhanced core temperatures and low fuel convergence.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kazuya U. Kobayashi, Rei Kurita
Summary: This study investigates the gravitationally-driven instability in physical gels and granular systems, finding quantitative similarities between the two. The research shows that the instability is primarily governed by the thickness of the flowable region.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Jianhua Qin, Guodan Dong
Summary: Through numerical simulations, it is shown that the anisotropic effects of external magnetic fields play a significant role in intensifying and accelerating magnetic fields, shock waves, and density interfaces, ultimately leading to an anisotropic distribution of vorticity.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Paul C. Campbell, T. M. Jones, J. M. Woolstrum, N. M. Jordan, P. F. Schmit, A. L. Velikovich, J. B. Greenly, W. M. Potter, E. S. Lavine, B. R. Kusse, D. A. Hammer, R. D. McBride
Summary: This study expands upon recent experimental results, providing a detailed comparison of measured MRTI growth with theory, exploring differences in liner implosion between DSP and SZP driving mechanisms, and investigating how electron drift behavior may be related to different current waveforms recorded during experiments.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2021)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
J. D. Moody, B. B. Pollock, H. Sio, D. J. Strozzi, D. D. -M. Ho, C. Walsh, G. E. Kemp, S. O. Kucheyev, B. Kozioziemski, E. G. Carroll, J. Kroll, D. K. Yanagisawa, J. Angus, S. D. Bhandarkar, J. D. Bude, L. Divol, B. Ferguson, J. Fry, L. Hagler, E. Hartouni, M. C. Herrmann, W. Hsing, D. M. Holunga, J. Javedani, A. Johnson, D. Kalantar, T. Kohut, B. G. Logan, N. Masters, A. Nikroo, N. Orsi, K. Piston, C. Provencher, A. Rowe, J. Sater, K. Skulina, W. A. Stygar, V. Tang, S. E. Winters, J. P. Chittenden, B. Appelbe, A. Boxall, A. Crilly, S. O'Neill, J. Davies, J. Peebles, S. Fujioka
Summary: A new project is underway at the National Ignition Facility to apply a seed magnetic field to fusion fuel in order to enhance hot-spot temperature, shape, and neutron yield. This project entails significant scientific and technological challenges.
JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Etienne Jambon-Puillet, Pier Giuseppe Ledda, Francois Gallaire, P-T Brun
Summary: When the substrate is slightly tilted, the conventional growth of pendant drops is unexpectedly reversed, leading to drops that move too fast to grow and shrink. Through experiments and numerical simulations, the transition between the conventional growth regime and the previously unknown decay regime can be rationalized, with the critical inclination angle for the transition quantitatively predicted using analytical treatment of the Landau-Levich meniscus connecting the drop to the film.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Terri Patricia McVeigh, Karl J. Sweeney, Donal J. Brennan, Una M. McVeigh, Simon Ward, Ann Strydom, Sheila Seal, Katherine Astbury, Paul Donnellan, Joanne Higgins, Maccon Keane, Michael J. Kerin, Carmel Malone, Pauline McGough, Ray McLaughlin, Michael O'Leary, Margaret Rushe, Michael Kevin Barry, Geraldine MacGregor, Michael Sugrue, Ala Yousif, Dhafir Al-Azawi, Eileen Berkeley, Terence J. Boyle, Elizabeth M. Connolly, Carmel Nolan, Elaine Richardson, Claire Giffney, Samantha B. Doyle, Sheila Broderick, William Boyd, Ruaidhri McVey, Thomas Walsh, Michael Farrell, David J. Gallagher, Nazneen Rahman, Angela J. George
Summary: Mainstreaming of BRCA1/BRCA2 testing has been successfully piloted in Ireland, offering a potential solution to the long waiting times and lack of resources in the clinical genetics services. The pathway was acceptable to both patients and clinicians, with positive diagnostic yields and appropriate referrals to clinical genetics.
Article
Substance Abuse
Emma Black, Kristie Mammen, Rachel M. Deacon, Nadine Ezard, Llewellyn Mills, Adrian J. Dunlop, Mark Montebello, David Reid, Steven Childs, Raimondo Bruno, Anthony Shakeshaft, Krista J. Siefried, Michael Farrell, Jennifer Holmes, Nicholas Lintzeris
Summary: Amphetamine type substances (ATS) are commonly used by Australian alcohol and other drug service entrants. This study examined the demographics, substance use patterns, health, and social conditions of clients entering public alcohol and other drug services in New South Wales. The results showed that ATS use was most common among clients with ATS or opioids as their primary drug of concern, and was associated with recent arrest, higher cannabis use frequency, lower opioid use frequency, and poorer quality of life.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Beatrice C. Downing, Matthew Hickman, Nicola R. Jones, Sarah Larney, Michael J. Sweeting, Yixin Xu, Michael Farrell, Louisa Degenhardt, Hayley E. Jones
Summary: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of opioid dependence in New South Wales, Australia, and found that the prevalence in 2016 was 0.92%, higher than previous estimates. Approximately one-third of the patients had no record of opioid agonist treatment in the last 4 years.
Review
Substance Abuse
Chrianna Bharat, Paige Webb, Zachary Wilkinson, Rebecca McKetin, Jason Grebely, Michael Farrell, Adam Holland, Matthew Hickman, Lucy Thi Tran, Brodie Clark, Amy Peacock, Shane Darke, Jih-Heng Li, Louisa Degenhardt
Summary: This study aimed to comprehensively examine the agreement between self-reported and biologically measured illicit drug use across different populations, settings, and drug classes. Through a systematic search, data from 207 eligible studies were extracted. The results showed high overall agreement (> 0.79) between self-report and biological testing, suggesting that both methods provide reliable measures of illicit drug use.
Article
Psychiatry
Shane Darke, Michael Farrell, Julia Lappin
Summary: Given the high rates of mental health comorbidity among opioid users, psychiatrists and mental health clinicians are likely to treat patients who are dependent on opioids. However, it is important to recognize that overdoses and suicide attempts among these patients are distinct phenomena, with unintentional overdoses being more common than intentional overdoses. Suicides and suicide attempts are also more commonly associated with means other than opioids.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Julia M. Lappin, Shane Darke, Michael Farrell
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Shane Darke, Emma Zahra, Johan Duflou, Amy Peacock, Michael Farrell, Julia Lappin
Summary: This study investigated volatile solvent misuse-related death in Australia from 2000 to 2021. The major cause of death was unintentional toxicity, and the most commonly used solvents were gas fuels, gasoline, adhesives/paints, and aerosol propellants. Autopsy findings showed that the deceased often experienced sudden collapse, indicating rapid death, and there were low levels of major organ pathology.
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Shane Darke, Johan Duflou, Amy Peacock, Michael Farrell, Julia Lappin
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics and circumstances of cocaine-related suicide cases in Australia from 2000 to 2021, as well as the toxicological profiles of these cases. The findings revealed that the typical cocaine-related suicide case was a male in his early thirties, with a majority of cases using physical means for suicide and a significant number exhibiting intense agitation and conflict prior to the fatal incident.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
A. Chrisment, A. Debayle, J. -L. Feugeas, P. Loiseau, P. -E. Masson-Laborde, J. Mathiaud, Ph. Nicolai, V. Tikhonchuk
Summary: In inertial confinement fusion plasma, the electron population may be strongly out-of-equilibrium, making it difficult to analyze the effects of microscopic processes on the macroscopic evolution. To overcome this, reduced kinetic transport models are developed to provide a kinetic closure and analyze finer kinetic phenomena.
MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
O. Michel, R. Duclous, P. -E. Masson-Laborde, C. Enaux, P. Lafitte
Summary: In this paper, a model of nonlocal electron transport called P1-diffusion is analyzed. It is based on a spherical harmonic expansion in velocity space and a diffusion scaling, which makes it compatible with assumptions from magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD). An iterative, fully implicit and asymptotic preserving discretization method is proposed, which requires inversion of a potentially large number of but small linear systems. The accuracy of this approach is validated by comparing with reference solutions from a Vlasov-Fokker-Planck-Maxwell code on a series of tests, representing the conduction zone in laser-created plasmas. Therefore, this method is a good candidate for integration into multi-D MHD codes.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
E. Rovere, A. Colaitis, R. K. Follett, A. Casner
Summary: We propose a parametric scaling method for hot electron (HE) generation, using laser plasma simulation and considering Langmuir decay instabilities (LDI) and laser pump depletion. By conducting a parameter scan, we find that the conversion fraction of HE can reach 40%, HE fluxes can reach 6x10^14 W/cm^2, and average temperatures range from 30 to 100 keV. The electron angular distributions exhibit two regions: plasma bulk with homogeneous emission up to energies of 30-60 keV, and a HE tail after 50-60 keV. The results provide insights into HE generation and transmission in laser plasma interactions.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
C. Ruyer, P. Loiseau, G. Riazuelo, R. Riquier, A. Debayle, P. E. Masson-Laborde, O. Morice
Summary: We propose a semi-analytical model to describe the laser beam deviation caused by plasma flows, which includes spatial, temporal, and polarization smoothing techniques based on a Gaussian description of speckles. The model is incorporated into a ray tracing algorithm and validated by applying it to a full-scale simulation of a National Ignition Facility (NIF) experiment. The beam bending affects the refraction conditions and energy deposition inside the hohlraum, potentially explaining anomalous refraction measurements observed in some NIF experiments, known as glint.
MATTER AND RADIATION AT EXTREMES
(2023)
Article
Criminology & Penology
Christel Macdonald, Don Weatherburn, Tony Butler, Olayan Albalawi, David Greenberg, Michael Farrell
Summary: The current study aimed to understand the factors influencing mental health diversion in Local Courts in New South Wales, Australia. Logistic regression was used to identify correlated factors with diversion in individuals diagnosed with psychosis. Substance-induced psychotic disorder decreased the likelihood of diversion, while committing violent or serious offences increased the likelihood of diversion. Legal representation should be provided to all individuals with serious mental illnesses facing criminal charges, and further research into the low diversion rates for Aboriginal defendants with psychotic illness is needed.
PSYCHIATRY PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
M. Ratledge, E. Del Rio, Brian Watson, N. Said, N. Rice, M. Farrell, E. Dewald, A. Nikroo, D. Clark
Summary: To correct the low mode asymmetry in inertial confinement fusion target design, one way is to shim the target capsule surface with extra mass in specific locations following a three-dimensional P4 Legendre mode. Previously, the desired surface pattern was precision machined, but machining leaves large defects. An alternative approach is to grow the pattern on the capsule surface using a glow discharge polymerization coating process.
FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Louisa Degenhardt, Brodie Clark, Georgina Macpherson, Oscar Leppan, Suzanne Nielsen, Emma Zahra, Briony Larance, Jo Kimber, Daniel Martino-Burke, Matthew Hickman, Michael Farrell
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effects of buprenorphine and methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence. The study found that methadone had better treatment retention rates compared to buprenorphine, but there were few significant differences in other primary and secondary outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of interventions to improve treatment retention, consideration of client-centered factors (such as client preference) when selecting between buprenorphine and methadone, and harmonization of data collection and reporting to strengthen future synthesis.