Article
Polymer Science
Weijie Li, Jun Nie, Yingying Zhao, Xiaoqun Zhu
Summary: This study focuses on the development of high-performance, low-migration photoinitiators. A polymerizable photoinitiator (VBP) was synthesized by introducing an ethylene group into benzophenone, and three different molecular weight single-component photoinitiators (PVBN1-3) were synthesized based on VBP. The results show that these new photoinitiators have stronger absorption ability compared to benzophenone and significantly reduce the migration of initiators and co-initiators, addressing the safety concerns caused by migration.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Xianglong He, Yayu Shao, Yulian Pang, Jing Wang, Mingke Liu, Yangyang Xin, Yingquan Zou
Summary: This study investigates the photoinitiating capacity of four cyanines with iodonium salt systems under different light sources. The S2265/Iod system exhibits remarkable stability in all light sources, while the S2024, S2025, and S2025B/Iod systems are effective under specific light sources. The photoinitiating mechanisms of the cyanine/Iod systems are explored using fluorescence, photolysis, and thermal imaging methods.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Can Xu, Shang Gong, Xiang Wu, Yuwei Wu, Qiuyan Liao, Ying Xiong, Zhen Li, Hongding Tang
Summary: The development of carbazole-based photo-bleachable dyes as free radical initiators for visible light polymerization showed promising results in effectively initiating the photopolymerization of thick materials. Carbazole-based dyes like CM-2 and CI-2 demonstrated better free radical initiating efficiencies and successful polymerization of thick films under visible light irradiation. These findings suggest great potential for deep photocuring of thick materials using these dyes.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tung-Liang Huang, Yung-Chung Chen
Summary: In this study, novel visible light one-component photoinitiators based on benzophenone scaffold were synthesized, showing improved UV-Vis absorption regions and thermal properties. The free radical generation and chemical reaction mechanisms of these photoinitiators were confirmed. The photopolymerization experiments demonstrated the enhanced photosensitivity and improved optical and thermal properties of the synthesized compounds.
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Liqiang Li, Di Zhu, Xiaotong Peng, Pu Xiao
Summary: Photopolymerization is popular for its mild reaction conditions and controllability, but concerns about the leachability of photoinitiators have risen. A novel polymerizable photoinitiator was designed in this study, showing excellent migration stability and potential applications in biomedical and food packaging industries.
Article
Polymer Science
Frederic Dumur
Summary: Photopolymerization is currently a focused area of research due to the need for visible light-activated photoinitiating systems. Pyrrole has been identified as an interesting scaffold for designing various dyes and developing new formulations with fast polymerization kinetics, high monomer conversions, low energy consumption, and activation in the visible range.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Polymer Science
Frederic Dumur
Summary: Visible light photopolymerization has gained renewed interest due to its application in 3D printing. New structures disconnected from traditional photoinitiators are being widely examined for developing visible light photoinitiating systems. The parameters such as excited state lifetimes, redox properties, and molar extinction coefficients of newly prepared photoinitiators need to be considered for efficient interaction with additives in photocurable resins. Thiophene, widely used in Organic Electronics, is a potential candidate for visible light photoinitiators due to its low oxidation potential and easy chemical modification. Different types of thiophene-based photoinitiators have been developed over the years. This review provides an overview of recent advances in thiophene-based photoinitiators and compares them with reference photoinitiating systems to highlight their significance.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Frederic Dumur
Summary: This review provides an overview of the recent developments concerning phenothiazine-based photoinitiators of polymerization, highlighting the evolution and structural changes of these molecules within photoinitiators. By comparing with reference photoinitiating systems, the pertinence of this approach is demonstrated.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xiaobing Ju, Xiuyuan Hu, Yanjing Gao, Jun Nie, Fang Sun
Summary: This study introduces two novel photoinitiators for LED photopolymerization, with good absorption and initiating ability. Among them, NBT-HD2 with acryloyl group shows excellent capability in reducing oxygen inhibition and outstanding migration stability in polymer film.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Remi Canterel, Jacques Lalevee, Elodie Bourgeat-Lami, Emmanuel Lacote, Muriel Lansalot
Summary: Polystyrene particles were successfully synthesized in a mixture of ethanol and water using visible light and an optimized photoinitiating system. The addition of a base and the use of a specific stabilizer significantly improved the reproducibility and allowed for the formation of larger, narrowly distributed particles.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Hong Chen, Laurent Pieuchot, Pu Xiao, Frederic Dumur, Jacques Lalevee
Summary: This study synthesized water-soluble photoinitiators for use in hydrogels and successfully prepared antibacterial hydrogels containing silver nanoparticles.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhaoxian Tang, Yanjing Gao, Shengling Jiang, Jun Nie, Fang Sun
Summary: In this study, four ethyl cinnamoylformate derivatives photoinitiators (ECFs) were designed and synthesized with good photobleaching ability and cytocompatibility. The research on the initiating and photobleaching mechanisms of ECFs under visible LED revealed their higher initiating rate compared to the commercial photoinitiator ITX. Furthermore, ECFs exhibited good photobleaching performance, migration stability, and cytocompatibility, and could initiate deep-layer photopolymerization under 455 nm LED.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Frederic Dumur
Summary: This article provides a detailed review of the recent advances in benzylidene cyclopentanones, demonstrating a significant improvement in photoinitiating ability compared to their acyclic analogues.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Loic Buchon, Jean-Michel Becht, Laurent Rubatat, Wei Wang, Hua Wei, Pu Xiao, Jacques Lalevee
Summary: This research synthesized and characterized four potential phosphine oxide photoinitiators and evaluated their efficiency in photopolymerization at 405 nm wavelength. Two of the obtained photoinitiators showed better performance than the widely used commercial photoinitiator. Additionally, one of the synthesized photoinitiators was successfully used in 3D printing of thermoplastics and exhibited lower cytotoxicity compared to the benchmark structure.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Burcu Balaban, Neslihan Kariksiz, Tugce Nur Eren, Duygu Avci
Summary: Two novel cyclopolymerizable photoinitiators (DAA-I2959 and DAA-I184) were synthesized for free radical polymerization. DAA-I2959 exhibits similar photoinitiating ability to I2959 and can also act as a hydrogen donor for a Type II photoinitiating system.
Article
Polymer Science
Frederic Dumur
Summary: Photopolymerization under visible light has made significant progress in recent years, thanks to the development of new irradiation setups based on LEDs. Efficient photoinitiating systems that match the light sources used in 3D printers have become increasingly important. However, visible light photoinitiators, although they increase the thickness of the polymerized films, are often strongly colored compounds that hinder the use of photopolymers for everyday applications. To tackle this issue, the development of photobleachable photoinitiating systems has emerged as a promising research field. This review provides an overview of recent advances in photobleachable photoinitiators and discusses the exploration of various structures to address the challenge of achieving colorless coatings.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thanh-Tuan Bui, Sebastien Peralta, Frederic Dumur
Summary: Fifteen push-pull dyes based on tetracyclic polyaromatic pyrene were synthesized and their optical properties were investigated in twenty-two solvents with different polarities. Surprisingly, contrary to conventional D-pi-A push-pull dyes, negative solvatochromism was observed in many of the dyes. Photoluminescence and thermal properties were also examined, and theoretical calculations were conducted to support the experimental findings.
Review
Polymer Science
Frederic Dumur
Summary: Anthraquinone has been identified as a promising scaffold for designing photoinitiating systems activable in the visible range and under low light intensity. Molecular engineering has allowed the development of water-soluble, panchromatic, or photobleachable dyes based on this scaffold. This review provides an overview of recent advances in photopolymerization using anthraquinone-based photoinitiating systems.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Marie Le Dot, Nicolas Giacoletto, Fabrice Morlet-Savary, Bernadette Graff, Valerie Monnier, Didier Gigmes, Malek Nechab, Frederic Dumur, Pierre Gerard, Jacques Lalevee
Summary: A new configuration of Metal Acetylacetonate Bidentate Ligand Interaction (MABLI) mechanism has been discovered for initiating the polymerization of recyclable Elium (R) thermoplastic resins under mild conditions. The presence of a phosphine oxide significantly reduces curing time and achieves nearly 100% conversion. Additionally, the combination of MABLI and photoactivation in a dual cure approach enhances the polymerization efficiency.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Polymer Science
Frederic Dumur
Summary: Photopolymerization is a research field that aims to replace energy-consuming UV irradiation setups with energy-saving light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or even sunlight as a light source. Various dyes have been developed to efficiently promote polymerization processes under sunlight, enabling the use of photopolymerization in outdoor applications. This review provides an overview of different photoinitiating systems developed for polymerization processes under sunlight or daylight, comparing their efficiency to that of artificial light sources.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Frederic Dumur
Summary: Photopolymerization is an active research field focused on polymerizing in greener conditions using visible light instead of traditional UV light. Furane is an interesting candidate for designing photocatalysts of polymerization due to its low cost and easy chemical modification. This review provides an overview of furane-based photoinitiator design and compares them to reference systems to demonstrate their potential in innovative structures.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Frederic Dumur
Summary: Photopolymerization uses light as the activation source to convert liquid monomers to polymers. The development of visible light photo-initiating systems and the search for new dyes that can polymerize a resin within seconds are ongoing. Quinoxaline has been identified as a promising scaffold for designing UV-centered and visible light photo-initiating systems. This review provides an overview of different quinoxaline-based dyes and compares them with reference systems to demonstrate their significance.
Article
Polymer Science
Frederic Dumur
Summary: Photoinitiating systems activable under visible light are the subject of many studies due to their ability to achieve higher light penetration. The reactivity of these systems can be improved by investigating new dye structures, including naphthoquinones which have been underexplored as visible light photoinitiators of polymerization. Recent developments have shown promising results in designing photoinitiators with naphthoquinone, paving the way for future advancements. This review provides an overview of different photoinitiators containing a naphthoquinone unit and compares their polymerization efficiencies with reference compounds.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Polymer Science
Frederic Dumur
Summary: Iodonium salts, a type of cationic photoinitiators, have a long history of use in the polymerization of epoxides or vinyl ethers. However, their UV-centered absorption restricts their use to the visible range through a photosensitization process. To simplify the composition of photopolymerizable resins, various dyes have been covalently linked to iodonium salts, resulting in monocomponent photoinitiating systems. This review provides an overview of the different dyes connected to iodonium salts.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Frederic Dumur
Summary: Photopolymerization is undergoing a revolution with the emergence of affordable and easily accessible LEDs, making polymerization possible under safe and energy-saving conditions. Bodipys, which are renowned for their high photoluminescence quantum yields, exceptional molar extinction coefficients, and narrow absorption and emission bands, have been identified as a promising platform for designing photoinitiators. Recent advancements in difluoroborane derivatives, such as boranils, squaraine-derived structures, and 2-phenacylbenzoxazole difluoroboranes, have expanded the application scope of photopolymerization. This review presents the various bodipys, boranils, squaraine-based difluoroborate complexes, and 2-phenacylbenzoxazole difluoroboranes used in developing photoinitiating systems and compares their efficiency to reference photoinitiating systems.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Polymer Science
Frederic Dumur
Summary: In recent years, research efforts have focused on multicomponent photoinitiating systems, especially for the design of visible light photoinitiating systems. Monocomponent Type II photoinitiators have been designed to simplify the elaboration of photocurable resins. Sulfonium salts, as remarkable photoinitiators, lack absorption in the visible range, leading to various structural modifications for redshifting their absorptions. This work provides an overview of different sulfonium salts activable under visible light.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yijun Zhang, Zheng Liu, Timur Borjigin, Bernadette Graff, Fabrice Morlet-Savary, Michael Schmitt, Didier Gigmes, Frederic Dumur, Jacques Lalevee
Summary: Seventeen carbazole-fused coumarin-based oxime esters were developed as efficient and visible light-absorbing initiators for polymerization. Certain oxime esters exhibited comparable or better photoinitiation performance than the benchmark photoinitiator under LED irradiation. These oxime esters also showed thermal initiation behavior and could be used as both thermal and photo-initiators. Moreover, two oxime esters, OXE-1 and OXE-5, were found to be sunlight activable and achieved high monomer conversion rates within one hour.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Nataliya Kalashnyk, Adam Hassan Denawi, Frederic Dumur, Didier Gigmes, Xavier Bouju, Sylvain Clair
Summary: The supramolecular self-assembly of s-indacene-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone on the Cu(111) surface was investigated and six different phases were found, driven by different interactions. Host-guest interactions allowed for the accommodation of molecular or metal clusters inside the nanoporous patterns. Three metal-organic networks led to the creation of regular arrays of isolated metal adatoms or adatom clusters.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Fatima Hammoud, Aristea Pavlou, Alexandros Petropoulos, Bernadette Graff, Michael G. Siskos, Akram Hijazi, Fabrice Morlet-Savary, Frederic Dumur, Jacques Lalevee
Summary: A series of Type I photoinitiators based on the naphthoquinone scaffold were designed and synthesized for the first time to induce photopolymerization under visible light. These photoinitiators exhibited excellent photoinitiation abilities and some even outperformed the benchmark Type I phosphine-oxide. The chemical mechanisms supporting the photopolymerization process were investigated, and the newly proposed structures showed higher efficiency in free radical photopolymerization. Additionally, 3D objects were successfully fabricated using a direct laser writing approach.
Article
Polymer Science
Hong Chen, Laurent Pieuchot, Pu Xiao, Frederic Dumur, Jacques Lalevee
Summary: This study synthesized water-soluble photoinitiators for use in hydrogels and successfully prepared antibacterial hydrogels containing silver nanoparticles.