Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Spela Konjar, Miha Pavsic, Marc Veldhoen
Summary: The unique biology of the intestinal epithelial barrier is linked to low oxygen pressure and hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent signaling; communication between microbiota and the gut plays a crucial role in maintaining oxygen homeostasis and intestinal health.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Luke Goudie, Nicole L. Mancini, Timothy E. Shutt, Graham P. Holloway, Chunlong Mu, Arthur Wang, Derek M. McKay, Jane Shearer
Summary: Intestinal homeostasis relies on optimal epithelial barrier function and permeability, which are regulated by intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) acting as gatekeepers. Mitochondrial-based processes provide the energy for these energy demanding processes. However, routine methods for examining IEC mitochondrial function are limited. This study presents standardized methods for quantifying mitochondrial energetics in an immortalized IEC line.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Jennifer Haynes, Balasubramanian Palaniappan, Eliane Tsopmegha, Uma Sundaram
Summary: Recent studies have shown that human intestinal organoid-derived monolayer cultures can physiologically regulate the apical nutrient and electrolyte transporter function in intestinal cells, similar to observations in in vivo and in vitro animal models. Therefore, this culture model is of great importance for a better understanding of intestinal nutrient absorption regulation.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Pengfei Hou, Caihong Wang, Miaomiao Zhou, Hongyun Liu
Summary: This study investigated the regulation, uptake, and transport of dipeptides in bovine intestinal epithelial cells, finding that temperature, pH, other dipeptides, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway significantly affect the absorption and transport of the dipeptide Gly-Sar-FITC.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giovanni Barbara, Maria Raffaella Barbaro, Daniele Fuschi, Marta Palombo, Francesca Falangone, Cesare Cremon, Giovanni Marasco, Vincenzo Stanghellini
Summary: The intestinal epithelial barrier plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by controlling the passage of nutrients and harmful substances. Tight junctions are responsible for regulating paracellular permeability and maintaining barrier integrity. Factors like cytokines, gut microbiota, and dietary components influence the function of intestinal TJs, highlighting their importance in various diseases such as IBS, IBD, and gluten-related conditions.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chandrasekar Selvam, Takaya Saito, Nini H. Sissener, Antony J. Prabhu Philip, Oystein Saele
Summary: The inclusion of vegetable oils in aquafeeds has altered the fatty acid composition of the diets, leading to changes in the intracellular fate of these fatty acids in intestinal cells. In an in vitro study using rainbow trout intestinal epithelial cells, oleic acid was found to accumulate in cytosolic lipid droplets to a greater extent compared to other fatty acids. The carbon chain length and saturation level of fatty acids play a role in determining their intracellular metabolism.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Allergy
Laura R. Dowling, Michael R. Strazzari, Simon Keely, Gerard E. Kaiko
Summary: The gut-brain axis refers to the bidirectional interaction between the intestinal environment, including the epithelium, immune system, microbiota, and the enteric nervous system. This interaction plays a crucial role in linking environmental stimuli and nervous system function, as well as providing feedback from the brain to intestinal activities. The gut microbiota has a profound influence on these processes, which has not been extensively studied. Disruption of the gut microbiota is associated with both gut diseases and brain symptoms such as neurodegenerative and behavioral disorders.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hajar Hazime, G. Michelle Ducasa, Ana M. Santander, Nivis Brito, Eddy E. Gonzalez, Yuguang Ban, Jonathan Kaunitz, Yasutada Akiba, Irina Fernandez, Juan F. Burgueno, Maria T. Abreu
Summary: The inactivity of intestinal epithelial DUOX2 is linked to alterations in the gut microbiome and contributes to the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS).
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ullas Valiya Chembazhi, Wesley S. Tung, Hyojeong Hwang, Yuexi Wang, Aryan Lalwani, Ka Lam Nguyen, Sushant Bangru, Danielle Yee, Kristy Chin, Jing Yang, Auinash Kalsotra, Wenyan Mei
Summary: Intestinal epithelial regeneration is driven by intestinal stem cells. Upon the loss of intestinal stem cells, differentiated intestinal epithelial cells, such as Paneth cells, are capable of acquiring multipotency and contributing to regeneration. Depletion of an RNA-binding protein named PTBP1 in mouse intestinal epithelial cells leads to intestinal stem cell death and epithelial regeneration failure.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yunjie He, Meng Cheng, Ruyue Yang, Haocheng Li, Zhiyang Lu, Yi Jin, Jianfang Feng, Liangxing Tu
Summary: Improving the stability and penetration ability of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract through a nanoparticle delivery strategy is a research focus in the pharmaceutical field. However, most drugs have not shown significant improvement in oral absorption when using nanoparticles, hindering their clinical application. This paper systematically reviews the behaviors of nanoparticles in the intestinal epithelial cell membrane, focusing on their intracellular mechanisms. The review aims to enhance scientists' understanding of the in vivo performance of nanoparticles and aid in the design of novel strategies to improve their bioavailability.
Review
Cell Biology
Mahdi Amiri, Ursula E. Seidler, Katerina Nikolovska
Summary: During the maturation of intestinal epithelial cells, a multitude of acid/base transporters are expressed differently, playing a key role in the generation of intracellular pH gradient. Research suggests an important regulatory role of pH in intestinal stem cells proliferative rate.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qiuluo Liu, Yan Chen, Li Zhou, Haining Chen, Zongguang Zhou
Summary: The intestinal epithelium relies on autophagy to maintain homeostasis, but dysregulation of autophagy can lead to the development of colorectal cancer. The role of autophagy in different phases of CRC has conflicting results, with autophagy sometimes being related to CRC and other times inhibiting its progression. Thus, both inhibition and activation of autophagy have been proposed as therapeutic strategies against CRC.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Witold Karol Subczynski, Marta Pasenkiewicz-Gierula, Justyna Widomska
Summary: Controlling oxygen partial pressure is important in protecting the human body against oxidative stress, but it is a challenge due to the necessity of oxygen in ATP synthesis and biochemical reactions. The eye lens has a unique mechanism to regulate oxygen concentration, which plays a crucial role in preventing cataract development.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lori Patnaude, Martha Mayo, Regina Mario, Xiaoming Wu, Heather Knight, Kelly Creamer, Sarah Wilson, Valerie Pivorunas, Jozsef Karman, Lucy Phillips, Robert Dunstan, Rajesh Kamath, Bradford McRae, Sonia Terrillon
Summary: The study found that IL-22 promotes expansion and proliferation of intestinal epithelial stem cells, as well as production of anti-microbial peptides. Additionally, IL-22 alters the composition of the mucus layer. However, the IL-22-associated epithelial phenotype differs in the presence of butyrate and immune cells.
Article
Biology
Callie E. Scull, Meng Luo, Scott Jennings, Christopher M. Taylor, Guoshun Wang
Summary: The function of the cftr gene in epithelial and immune cells affects gut microbiome in mice differently, with immune defect playing a major role in dysbiosis in the small intestine and epithelial defect largely influencing dysbiosis in the large intestine.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Madeleine D. Hu, Natasha B. Golovchenko, Grace L. Burns, Prema M. Nair, Thomas J. Kelly, Jonathan Agos, Mudar Zand Irani, Wai Sinn Soh, Matthew R. Zeglinski, Alexander Lemenze, Edward M. Bonder, Inga Sandrock, Immo Prinz, David J. Granville, Simon Keely, Alastair J. M. Watson, Karen L. Edelblum
Summary: This study uncovers a previously unrecognized role for γδ IELs in facilitating TNF-mediated shedding of apoptotic enterocytes via CD103-mediated extracellular granzyme release.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kening Fan, Guy D. Eslick, Prema M. Nair, Grace L. Burns, Marjorie M. Walker, Emily C. Hoedt, Simon Keely, Nicholas J. Talley
Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis found that human colonic spirochetosis (CS) is significantly associated with diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but not colonic polyps. CS may be underestimated and could be an overlooked risk factor for a subset of IBS patients with diarrhea.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Georgia Brown, Emily C. Hoedt, Simon Keely, Ayesha Shah, Marjorie M. Walker, Gerald Holtmann, Nicholas J. Talley
Summary: This review summarizes the literature on the link between the gut microbiota, low-grade inflammatory changes in the duodenum, and functional dyspepsia (FD). It discusses current and emerging treatment approaches and suggests opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic improvements for patients with this condition.
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Sophie Fowler, Emily C. Hoedt, Nicholas J. Talley, Simon Keely, Grace L. Burns
Summary: Circadian rhythms are cyclic patterns of physiological, behavioural and molecular events that occur over a 24-h period. Disruption of these rhythms may lead to gastrointestinal dysfunction, and modulation of circadian rhythms could be a potential therapeutic option for reducing symptom burden in patients with gastrointestinal disorders.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
A. Cuskelly, E. C. Hoedt, L. Harms, N. J. Talley, M. A. Tadros, S. Keely, D. M. Hodgson
Summary: There is comorbidity between anxiety disorders and gastrointestinal disorders, both of which are linked to adverse early life events. The microbiome gut-brain-axis could be a mediator of this relationship.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kaylani Angerami Almeida, Ediane de Queiroz Andrade, Grace Burns, Emily C. Hoedt, Joerg Mattes, Simon Keely, Adam Collison
Summary: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a disease of the esophagus that has seen an increase in incidence and prevalence in recent years. The etiology is unclear, and little is known about the esophageal microbiota in EoE. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in microbiota profile between EoE patients and controls through a systematic review. It was found that EoE patients have increased esophageal microbial load and abundance of certain species, such as Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter, while there is a decrease in Firmicutes. Understanding the microbial signatures in EoE may help in developing new therapeutic strategies.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Erin R. Shanahan, Seungha Kang, Heidi Staudacher, Ayesha Shah, Anh Do, Grace Burns, Veronique S. Chachay, Natasha A. Koloski, Simon Keely, Marjorie M. Walker, Nicholas J. Talley, Mark Morrison, Gerald J. Holtmann
Summary: This study indicates a link between duodenal microbiota, gastric emptying, and FD symptoms, and this link is largely independent of long-term dietary intake.
Review
Allergy
Laura R. Dowling, Michael R. Strazzari, Simon Keely, Gerard E. Kaiko
Summary: The gut-brain axis refers to the bidirectional interaction between the intestinal environment, including the epithelium, immune system, microbiota, and the enteric nervous system. This interaction plays a crucial role in linking environmental stimuli and nervous system function, as well as providing feedback from the brain to intestinal activities. The gut microbiota has a profound influence on these processes, which has not been extensively studied. Disruption of the gut microbiota is associated with both gut diseases and brain symptoms such as neurodegenerative and behavioral disorders.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ayesha Shah, Seungha Kang, Nicholas J. Talley, Anh Do, Marjorie M. Walker, Erin R. Shanahan, Natasha A. Koloski, Michael P. Jones, Simon Keely, Mark Morrison, Gerald J. Holtmann
Summary: Patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) often report intolerance to wheat products. This study compared various factors, including gastrointestinal symptoms, sensory function, psychiatric comorbidities, gut-homing immune cells, and duodenal mucosa-associated microbiome (d-MAM), between FGID patients and controls with and without self-reported wheat sensitivity (SR-NCWS). The results showed that anxiety, visceral sensory function, and specific bacterial taxa were associated with FGID, while gut-homing T-cells were associated with SR-NCWS. The study also found differences in the bacterial genera between the FGID subtypes and controls. Patients with FGID, with or without SR-NCWS, showed increased symptom response and anxiety scores compared to controls.
Article
Immunology
Grace L. Burns, Jessica K. Bruce, Kyra Minahan, Andrea Mathe, Thomas Fairlie, Raquel Cameron, Crystal Naudin, Prema M. Nair, Michael D. E. Potter, Mudar Zand Irani, Steven Bollipo, Robert Foster, Lay T. T. Gan, Ayesha Shah, Natasha A. Koloski, Paul S. Foster, Jay C. Horvat, Martin Veysey, Gerald Holtmann, Nick Powell, Marjorie M. Walker, Nicholas J. Talley, Simon Keely
Summary: This study found that patients with functional dyspepsia have increased Th2 and Th17 lymphocyte populations in the duodenal mucosa, and these cells are of effector and memory phenotype, indicating that the microinflammation in functional dyspepsia may be antigen-driven.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Allergy
Grace L. Burns, Simon Keely
Summary: This article evaluates the contribution of local enteric neuroimmune interactions to the immune response in food allergies, and discusses considerations for targeting neuroimmune pathways in the treatment of food allergies.
ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Raquel Cameron, Kerith Duncanson, Emily C. Hoedt, Guy D. Eslick, Grace L. Burns, Cheenie Nieva, Simon Keely, Marjorie M. Walker, Nicholas J. Talley
Summary: This systematic review assessed the association between the microbiota and metabolome in diverticulosis, symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD), and diverticulitis pathophysiology. The findings suggest that there is no convincing evidence of microbial dysbiosis in colonic diverticula to suggest that the microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of diverticulosis, SUDD, or diverticular disease.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Raquel Cameron, Marjorie M. Walker, Michael Jones, Guy D. Eslick, Simon Keely, Peter Pockney, Carolina C. Cosentino, Nicholas J. Talley
Summary: This study examined the changes of eosinophils and other immune cells in the mucosa of colonic diverticula through quantitative histology. The results showed a significant increase in eosinophil counts at the base and neck of the diverticula. These findings provide new clues for understanding the role of eosinophils and chronic inflammation in the pathophysiology of colonic diverticulosis.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ayesha Shah, Parag Thite, Teressa J. Hansen, Thomas Fairlie, Michael P. Jones, Natasha A. Koloski, Mark Morrison, Gerald J. Holtmann
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sharmila S. Prasad, Marjorie M. Walker, Nicholas J. Talley, Simon Keely, Therese Kairuz, Michael P. Jones, Kerith Duncanson
Summary: Given the high burden and complex needs among people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), timely access to specialized care is urgently needed to optimize their care. The specialty role of an IBD educator could complement existing services to deliver and address patient-specific care.
CROHNS & COLITIS 360
(2022)