Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
R. Niel, L. Le Moyec, T. Launay, L. Mille-Hamard, M. N. Triba, O. Maciejak, V. L. Billat, I. Momken
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the role of sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase (Mt-CK) in muscle energy output during exercise using a murine model of ageing. Results showed that Mt-CK deficiency potentiated ageing effects on VO(2)peak, Vpeak, and mitochondrial protein expression. Mt-CK knock-out mice exhibited physiological adaptations to survive and perform similarly to wild-type mice, but these adaptations may come at a high energy cost and could potentially accelerate ageing.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Colin Harper, Venkatesh Gopalan, Jorming Goh
Summary: This review examines the cellular and molecular changes in skeletal muscle mitochondria during aging, particularly focusing on the efficiency of mitochondrial coupling and its impact on muscle function decline. It also discusses how different exercise modalities can potentially reverse these changes and delay the onset of sarcopenia. Additional concepts such as mitophagy and the implications of muscle fiber type changes with sarcopenia on mitochondrial function are also integrated in this review.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Patrick M. Schaefer, Komal Rathi, Arrienne Butic, Wendy Tan, Katherine Mitchell, Douglas C. Wallace
Summary: Primary mitochondrial diseases are metabolic disorders caused by mutations in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genes. This study found that endurance exercise may be beneficial for some mitochondrial disorders but not for others. Gene expression analysis identified key pathways involved in the exercise response.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ze Chen, Thea Laurentius, Yvonne Fait, Aline Mueller, Eva Mueckter, Leo Cornelius Bollheimer, Mahtab Nourbakhsh
Summary: Sarcopenia, characterized by muscle loss, can be diagnosed by measuring appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI). A study on older adults found positive correlations between ASMI and nutritional status (p = 0.001) and serum creatine kinase (CK) (p = 0.019), but negative correlations with serum CXCL12a (p = 0.023) and interleukin (IL)-7 (p = 0.024). The study identified advanced age, malnutrition, low CK levels, and high CXCL12a levels as risk factors for sarcopenia. Combining low CK and high CXCL12a levels can be used as serum markers for sarcopenia. The linear correlation between ASMI and CXCL12a levels may aid future studies on sarcopenia.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pia Apablaza, Juan Carlos Borquez, Rodrigo Mendoza, Monica Silva, Gladys Tapia, Alejandra Espinosa, Rodrigo Troncoso, Luis A. Videla, Nevenka Juretic, Andrea del Campo
Summary: Increase in body fat leads to changes in skeletal muscle and accelerates sarcopenia, known as sarco-obesity or sarcopenic obesity. Obesity affects the skeletal muscle's ability to oxidize glucose and causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Exercise improves mitochondrial dysfunction, but the effects on the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in the skeletal muscle are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the UPRmt response to exercise in obese mice and its association with skeletal muscle function improvement.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Cheng-Chung Lu, Chun-Yen Ke, Wen-Tien Wu, Ru-Ping Lee
Summary: This study examined the effects of glutamine intake timing on tissue damage and physiology during exercise. The results showed that supplementation of glutamine after exercise led to a decrease in CK-MM levels, an increase in red blood cell count and platelet count, and less tissue injury in the cardiac muscles and kidneys compared to pre-exercise supplementation. Therefore, glutamine supplementation after exercise was found to be more effective in reducing tissue damage and improving physiological parameters.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Catherine M. Jankowski, Melissa P. Wilson, Samantha MaWhinney, Jane Reusch, Leslie Knaub, Sara Hull, Kristine M. Erlandson
Summary: The study found that individuals with HIV had blunted mitochondrial adaptations to exercise compared to uninfected controls, suggesting the need for different types of exercise-induced stimulation to improve mitochondrial function in this population.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Jujiao Kuang, Nicholas J. Saner, Javier Botella, Matthew J. -C. Lee, Cesare Granata, Zhenhuan Wang, Xu Yan, Jia Li, Amanda J. Genders, David J. Bishop
Summary: This study aimed to improve the reliability of assessing mitochondrial respiration and content in skeletal muscle research. The findings suggest that increasing technical repeats and excluding outliers can reduce the variability of high-resolution respirometry when measuring mitochondrial respiration. Additionally, analyzing all samples from the same study at the same time is important when assessing citrate synthase activity as a biomarker for mitochondrial content.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hugo J. Bello, Alberto Caballero-Garcia, Daniel Perez-Valdecantos, Enrique Roche, David C. Noriega, Alfredo Cordova-Martinez
Summary: A systematic review was conducted to investigate the role of vitamin D in muscle recovery post-exercise, with inconclusive results suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory effect. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Article
Cell Biology
Amanda J. Genders, Jujiao Kuang, Nicholas J. Saner, Javier Botella, David J. Bishop
Summary: Exercise training can increase mitochondrial content and respiration, but high-intensity exercise may be limited by mild acidosis. This study aimed to determine the effects of administering ammonium chloride before each exercise session on mitochondrial content and respiration in rats. The results showed that ammonium chloride administration reduced the exercise-induced increase in mitochondrial respiration in the soleus muscle but did not alter mitochondrial content. These effects were not observed in the white gastrocnemius muscle.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Guangcai Qu, Hongbo Wang, Guohai Zhou, Haiping Liu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a two-week machine massage on the physical properties of the erector spinae and serum biochemical indexes of adolescent athletes after training. The results showed that after two weeks of machine massage treatment, the dynamic stiffness of the erector spinae decreased significantly in the machine massage group, while it increased in the control group. Moreover, the serum CK values decreased significantly in the machine massage group compared to the control group.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kim Reid, Eileen G. Daniels, Goutham Vasam, Rashmi Kamble, Georges E. Janssens, Iman M. Hu, Alexander E. Green, Riekelt H. Houtkooper, Keir J. Menzies
Summary: Maintaining mitochondrial function is crucial for improving healthspan and lifespan. Introducing mild stress through inhibiting mitochondrial translation leads to the unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and extends lifespan in animal models. However, reducing the expression of a key mitochondrial ribosomal protein (MRP), Mrpl54, did not significantly affect lifespan or metabolic health in genetically manipulated mice. This study suggests that, in otherwise healthy and unstressed mice, reducing Mrpl54 expression alone is not sufficient to improve healthspan.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Ceereena Ubaida-Mohien, Sally Spendiff, Alexey Lyashkov, Ruin Moaddel, Norah J. MacMillan, Marie-Eve Filion, Jose A. Morais, Tanja Taivassalo, Luigi Ferrucci, Russell T. Hepple
Summary: This study reveals the mechanisms behind the preservation of high function in master athletes at advanced age, showing that preserving mitochondrial structure/function proteins is associated with high function in advanced age, while proteins involved in the spliceosome and nuclear pore complex are underrepresented.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew J. Barnes, Dominic Lomiwes, David A. D. Parry, Stephen Mackintosh
Summary: This study developed a model of contusion injury in human participants and investigated the physiological responses to four impact loads. The results showed that a higher impact force of 7.2kg resulted in greater volume of oedema, voluntary force loss, pain, and elevations in creatine kinase than the other loads. The study also found significant correlations between oedema volume, pressure pain threshold, and maximum voluntary contraction force.
Review
Orthopedics
Yu-Feng Long, Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow, Can Cui, Ronald Man Yeung Wong, Ling Qin, Sheung-Wai Law, Wing-Hoi Cheung
Summary: This systematic review investigates the effects of physical exercise on mitochondria during aging, highlighting the potential mechanisms through which exercise improves muscle performance by regulating mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium. The findings provide scientific support for using exercise as a timely intervention for sarcopenia, and offer insights for the development of new therapeutic interventions to attenuate sarcopenia.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRANSLATION
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Daniel S. Lark, Thomas J. LaRocca
Summary: The study found that the expression of exosome biogenesis genes is affected by age in many cell populations mostly independent of senescence, and may be further altered in Alzheimer's disease.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Kyle D. Medak, Greg L. McKie, Hesham Shamshoum, Ian Seguin, David C. Wright
Summary: Repeated treatment with β3 adrenergic receptor agonist CL leads to a decrease in acute metabolic effects, including serum fatty acid, insulin, and blood glucose responses. This is associated with reductions in protein kinase A signaling and can be rescued by cilostamide. These findings suggest potential adjunct treatment approaches to enhance the therapeutic glucose-lowering effects of β3 adrenergic receptor agonists.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alex Rajna, Liam Hayden Brown, Sara Michaela Frangos, Melissa Gonzalez-Soto, Barbora Hucik, Chenxuan Wang, David Charles Wright, David Michael Mutch
Summary: This study found that marine N3-PUFA can reduce plasma triglyceride levels and inhibit lipogenic markers in the liver in the fed state, while plant N3-PUFA have less impact on these indicators. In the fasted state, mice fed N3-PUFA accumulate less lipids in the liver and have lower plasma non-esterified fatty acids, as well as suppressed lipolysis activity in adipose tissue.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Hesham Shamshoum, Kyle D. Medak, Greg L. McKie, Margaret K. Hahn, David C. Wright
Summary: The study aimed to investigate whether increasing circulating ketone bodies could protect against the acute metabolic side effects of antipsychotic medications. The findings demonstrate that fasting or short-term consumption of a ketogenic diet can protect against hyperglycemia induced by OLZ, while methods that increase circulating ketone bodies do not have the same protective effects.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Biology
Avery Hinks, Kaitlyn Jacob, Parastoo Mashouri, Kyle D. Medak, Martino Franchi, David C. Wright, Stephen H. M. Brown, Geoffrey A. Power
Summary: Weighted downhill running training in rats led to longer fascicle lengths, increased serial sarcomere number, and greater net work output during work loops. However, the improvements in work loop performance were more related to maximum specific force rather than serial sarcomere number.
Editorial Material
Physiology
Daniel Stephen Lark
Article
Neurosciences
Alyssa Weber, Kyle D. Medak, Logan K. Townsend, David C. Wright
Summary: Ketogenic diets can effectively reduce food intake, increase energy expenditure, promote weight loss, and improve glucose homeostasis. However, the effects of ketogenic diets are not influenced by housing temperature. The weight changes when transitioning from an obesogenic to a ketogenic diet or vice versa are largely dependent on food intake, rather than the housing temperature.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
David C. C. Wright
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ian Seguin, Kyle D. Medak, Hesham Shamshoum, Margaret K. Hahn, David C. Wright
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether housing mice at thermoneutrality and under conditions of preexisting obesity would uncover a greater obesogenic effect of the antipsychotic olanzapine (OLZ). The study found that irrespective of obesity, OLZ treatment attenuated weight gain and increased energy expenditure in male mice. In females with preexisting obesity, OLZ increased food intake and potentiated weight gain. Uncovering the mechanisms conferring resistance to weight gain in males may provide clues for approaches to counter the metabolic side effects of antipsychotics clinically.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Peter Plomgaard, Jakob S. Hansen, Logan K. Townsend, Anders Gudiksen, Niels H. Secher, Jens O. Clemmesen, Rene K. Stoving, Jens P. Goetze, David C. Wright, Henriette Pilegaard
Summary: During exercise, GDF15 is released from the splanchnic bed into circulation, and an increase in the glucagon-to-insulin ratio leads to a significant rise in circulating GDF15 levels. Chronic energy deprivation is also associated with elevated plasma GDF15 concentrations.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Daniel M. Marko, Michael S. Finch, Alex J. T. Yang, Laura N. Castellani, Willem T. Peppler, David C. Wright, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson
Summary: Exercise has been shown to affect APP processing and reduce amyloid-beta peptide production. This study investigates the role of IL-6 in this process, and finds that acute IL-6 injection increases markers of the nonamyloidogenic cascade and decreases markers of the amyloidogenic cascade in the cortex and hippocampus of the brain.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kyle D. Medak, Greg L. McKie, Willem T. Peppler, Hesham Shamshoum, Hana A. Dibe, David M. Mutch, Andrea R. Josse, David C. Wright
Summary: This study found that consuming a certain amount of dairy products can reduce the accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, reduce the content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, and have no significant effect on weight gain.
NUTRITION RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Logan K. Townsend, Dongdong Wang, David C. Wright, Denis P. Blondin
Article
Cell Biology
Darby S. Easterday, Daniel S. Lark
Article
Cell Biology
Valerie Politis-Barber, Heather L. Petrick, Arthe Raajendiran, Genevieve J. DesOrmeaux, Henver S. Brunetta, Larissa M. dos Reis, Marcelo A. Mori, David C. Wright, Matthew J. Watt, Graham P. Holloway
Summary: This study demonstrates that creatine kinase CKMT1 is dispensable in regulating energy expenditure in white adipose tissue, and unlike in brown adipose tissue, they do not support the presence of a futile creatine cycle within WAT.