Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chang-Zhen Ren, Zhao-Tang Wu, Wen Wang, Xing Tan, Ya-Hong Yang, Yang-Kai Wang, Miao-Ling Li, Wei-Zhong Wang
Summary: Activation or overexpression of SIRT1 in the RVLM reduces oxidative stress via SIRT1-FOXO1-SOD1 signaling pathway, exerting an anti-hypertensive effect in hypertension.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fanrong Yao, Abdel A. Abdel-Rahman
Summary: Activation of CB1R in the RVLM increases blood pressure and heart rate in rats, but this response is modulated by ovarian sex hormones, particularly E-2. E-2 attenuates the CB1R-mediated cardiovascular response by dampening neuroexcitation and oxidative stress in the RVLM.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Zilvinas Chomanskis, Vytautas Jonkus, Tadas Danielius, Tomas Paulauskas, Monika Orvydaite, Kazimieras Melaika, Osvaldas Ruksenas, Vaiva Hendrixson, Saulius Rocka
Summary: DBS targeting CVLM could effectively lower blood pressure in hypertensive rats, indicating a potential therapeutic strategy for drug-resistant hypertension. By directly influencing the baroreflex arc, CVLM stimulation could provide a stable and predictable control system. Further research and electrode modifications are needed to apply CVLM DBS in clinical trials.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
N. O. Maruyama, H. F. Estrela, E. B. Oliveira Sales, T. F. Lucas, C. S. Porto, C. T. Bergamaschi, R. R. Campos
Summary: In this study, the effects of 17β-estradiol on sympathetic vasomotor activity and blood pressure in a hypertensive rat model were investigated. The expression of estrogen receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) was also studied. The results showed that microinjection of 17β-estradiol into the RVLM led to a greater reduction in mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity in control rats compared to hypertensive rats. The expression levels of estrogen receptors GPER and ERα were significantly higher in the RVLM of hypertensive rats. Chronic treatment with losartan reduced the expression levels of estrogen receptors in hypertensive rats.
JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maycon I. O. Milanez, Erika E. Nishi, Rodrigo Mendes, Antonio A. Rocha, Cassia T. Bergamaschi, Ruy R. Campos
Summary: This study investigated the role of spinal angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) receptors in sympathoexcitatory responses in renovascular hypertension using the Goldblatt rat model. The results indicate that acute sympathoexcitation induced by activation of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is dependent on spinal AT1 receptors in Goldblatt rats but not in control rats. The study highlights the need for further research to determine the involvement of central cardiovascular nuclei in spinal angiotensinergic actions and the source of angiotensin II in this model.
Article
Physiology
Fernanda Brognara, Jaci Airton Castania, Aline Barbosa Ribeiro, Nilton Nascimento Santos-Junior, Helio Cesar Salgado
Summary: The activation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex was able to reduce inflammation, lowering the levels of TNF in plasma and IL-6 in the spleen. These findings confirm the regulatory role of cardiovascular reflexes on the immune system.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Xinglong Gu, Yizhen Z. Z. Zhang, John J. O'Malley, Caitlynn C. De Preter, Mario Penzo, Mark A. Hoon
Summary: In this study, the researchers identified catecholaminergic neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla that are activated by noxious stimuli in mice. These neurons produce bilateral feed-forward inhibition to attenuate nociceptive responses through a pathway involving the locus coeruleus and norepinephrine in the spinal cord. This pathway plays a role in attenuating injury-induced heat allodynia and counter-stimulus induced analgesia to noxious heat.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lei Tong, Mengyu Xing, Jiaxiang Wu, Shuai Zhang, Dechang Chu, Haili Zhang, Fuxue Chen, Dongshu Du
Summary: The study revealed that overexpression of NaV1.6 in the RVLM may impact the transport and transformation of glutamate in neurons and participate in stress-induced hypertension. Knocking down NaV1.6 expression led to reduced VGluT1 expression and increased GAD67 expression in the RVLM.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Jane S. Edmunds, Clayton L. Ivie, Elizabeth P. Ott, Dain W. Jacob, Sarah E. Baker, Jennifer L. Harper, Camila M. Manrique-Acevedo, Jacqueline K. Limberg
Summary: Sex-related differences in respiratory modulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity following acute intermittent hypoxia were observed in this study. Both male and female participants exhibited changes in respiratory patterning of muscle sympathetic nerve activity after acute intermittent hypoxia, but the pattern differed by sex. These data suggest potential sex disparities in respiratory modulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity and may have implications for conditions such as sleep apnea.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
S. Patodia, M. Tachrount, A. Somani, I Scheffer, T. Yousry, X. Golay, S. M. Sisodiya, M. Thom
Summary: The study found that SUDEP patients have lower relative RtZ volumes in the rostral medulla but higher actual volumes in the caudal medulla. The correlation was observed between T1 values and MAP2 labelling index in RtZ. Lower MAP2 labelling index was noted in the rostral medulla RtZ in epilepsy cases.
NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Olga A. Lyubashina, Ivan B. Sivachenko, Aleksandr A. Mikhalkin
Summary: The study reveals that colonic inflammation alters the functioning of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), leading to impaired control of visceral nociception. This dysfunction in ascending and descending pathways may contribute to visceral hyperalgesia associated with gut injury.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stefano Rozzi, Marco Bimbi, Alfonso Gravante, Luciano Simone, Leonardo Fogassi
Summary: The ventral part of lateral prefrontal cortex (VLPF) in monkeys receives strong visual input mainly from the inferotemporal cortex. VLPF neurons respond to visual stimuli, including specific objects and faces, and show modulation based on task conditions. The VLPF performs an early passive description of visual stimuli, which could explain the modulation of visual responses in both learning and natural behavior.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jing Li, Chong Peng, Dongjian Lai, Yajing Fang, Daihong Luo, Zunming Zhou, Chenyun Li, Xinsheng Lai
Summary: Experimental studies have shown that manual acupuncture can regulate blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats, alter glucose metabolism in the paraventricular hypothalamus, and affect mRNA and protein expression levels of differentially expressed genes. These genes may lower blood pressure by regulating angiotensin, endothelial function, and inflammation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Ato O. Aikins, Joel T. Little, Nataliya Rybalchenko, J. Thomas Cunningham
Summary: Dilutional hyponatremia associated with liver cirrhosis is caused by inappropriate release of arginine vasopressin. Our data suggest that A1/A2 neurons contribute to increased plasma copeptin and hypoosmolality in male BDL rats.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Harumi Hotta, Kaori Iimura, Nobuhiro Watanabe, Harue Suzuki, Masamitsu Sugie, Kazuhiro Shigemoto
Summary: It has been shown that reflex excitation of muscle sympathetic nerves contributes to the maintenance of muscle force in rats. However, this feedback mechanism declines during aging. In this study, the contribution of sympathetic nerves to muscle contractility was examined in young and aged rats, revealing a decrease in sympathetic support and an increase in muscle tonus in aged rats.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)