Article
Neurosciences
Xuanyuan Wu, Haixiang Li, Jiechang Huang, Mengqi Xu, Cheng Xiao, Shuijin He
Summary: COUP-TFI is a crucial regulator of AIS diameter in both developing and adult mouse neocortex, influencing changes in AIS diameter and impairment of AP generation. Overexpression of COUP-TFI increases AIS diameter and facilitates AP generation, but weakens the receiving spontaneous network.
NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Lindsay H. Teliska, Irene Dalla Costa, Ozlem Sert, Jeffery L. Twiss, Matthew N. Rasband
Summary: This study demonstrates the importance of an intact axon initial segment (AIS) for efficient axon regeneration and functional recovery of multipolar motor neurons after nerve injury. Loss of AIS may impair the delivery of axonal proteins, mRNA, and other necessary cargoes for regeneration. Therapeutic strategies for axon regeneration should consider preserving or reassembling the AIS.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Masashi Fujitani, Yoshinori Otani, Hisao Miyajima
Summary: The axon initial segment (AIS) is a key structure located between the axon and cell body, regulating neuronal excitability through high density Na+ channels. It plays important roles in normal development and pathological processes, influencing neurodevelopmental disorders.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
S. Andrew Shuster, Mark J. Wagner, Nathan Pan-Doh, Jing Ren, Sophie M. Grutzner, Kevin T. Beier, Tony Hyun Kim, Mark J. Schnitzer, Liqun Luo
Summary: The research reveals that the birth timing of cerebellar granule cells (GrCs) plays a moderate role in their wiring and encoding, with early-born and late-born GrCs showing different patterns of mossy fiber input. Early-born GrCs receive more input from sensory and motor nuclei, while late-born GrCs receive more input from basal pontine and cerebellar nuclei. Despite differences in input, both early- and late-born GrCs can represent diverse variables and stimuli, suggesting a moderate influence of birth timing on GrC wiring and function.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Edyta Dziadkowiak, Marta Nowakowska-Kotas, Slawomir Budrewicz, Magdalena Koszewicz
Summary: The diagnosis of CIDP is based on a combination of clinical, electrodiagnostic, and laboratory features. This study aims to evaluate the potential causes of phenotypic variation of CIDP and explore new pathomechanisms. The authors discuss the impact of damage to the JXP, Schwann cells, and axons on CIDP and question whether these damages should be considered separate disease entities. The identification of specific pathomechanisms in CIDP is crucial for diagnosing and treating patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Ohad Stoler, Alexandra Stavsky, Yana Khrapunsky, Israel Melamed, Grace Stutzmann, Daniel Gitler, Israel Sekler, Ilya Fleidervish
Summary: Mitochondrial activity plays a crucial role in synaptic plasticity, and the firing pattern of pre- and postsynaptic neurons affects mitochondrial function. Our study revealed that postsynaptic spike firing induces rapid mitochondrial Ca2+ responses, with larger responses observed in cell bodies and apical dendrites. Additionally, the coincidence of an EPSP with a backpropagating spike generated prominent mitochondrial Ca2+ hotspots. These findings suggest that mitochondria decode spike firing patterns into Ca2+ signals, which in turn influence metabolic output and may lead to long-term changes in synaptic efficacy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Akshay Markanday, Sungho Hong, Junya Inoue, Erik De Schutter, Peter Thier
Summary: The study shows that the cerebellum's ability for multidimensional computations allows it to flexibly control multiple movement parameters to ensure movement precision.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yuko Oishi, Kei Hashimoto, Ayaka Abe, Maho Kuroda, Ai Fujii, Yasunori Miyamoto
Summary: The study demonstrates that vitronectin regulates axon specification in cerebellar granule cell precursors (CGCPs) through alpha v beta 5 integrin, with the involvement of beta 5 integrin and the PI3K/GSK3 beta pathway. Deficiency of vitronectin and knockdown of beta 5 integrin inhibit axon formation, while administration of vitronectin and overexpression of beta 5 integrin lead to multiple axon formation. These findings suggest that vitronectin plays a crucial role in axon formation in CGCPs.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sarah Goethals, Martijn C. Sierksma, Xavier Nicol, Annabelle Reaux-Le Goazigo, Romain Brette
Summary: The study measured the axial current produced by the axon initial segment of mouse retinal ganglion cells, finding it to be large, requiring high sodium channel conductance density, and covarying with cell capacitance to depolarize the cell by approximately 30mV. During sustained depolarization, the current attenuated but broadened temporally to preserve somatic depolarization. This suggests that the properties of the initial segment are adjusted to ensure reliable backpropagation of the axonal action potential.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Xu Zhang, Roeland T. Hancock, Sabato T. Santaniello
Summary: This study investigates the acute effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cerebellar neurons, particularly focusing on the response of Purkinje cells to the electric field induced by tDCS. The results show that tDCS significantly modulates the synaptic encoding and postsynaptic spiking precision of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex, suggesting tDCS as a potential therapeutic option for movement disorders involving cerebellar hyperactivity such as ataxia.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medical Laboratory Technology
Daniel Bereczki, Bela Nagy, Adrienne Kerenyi, Gabor Nagy, Krisztina Szarka, Katalin Kristof, Balazs Szalay, Barna Vasarhelyi, Harjit P. Bhattoa, Janos Kappelmayer
Summary: Platelets play a significant role in vascular complications of COVID-19-related viral coagulopathy, and immune-induced thrombocytopenia has been reported in moderate-to-severe cases. The prognostic role of platelet count in COVID-19 is still controversial, and the presence of EDTA-induced pseudothrombocytopenia in patients even after 9 months post initial infection suggests a possible link to anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
