Review
Physiology
Jun Zhang, Huikai Yuan, Xiaoqiang Yao, Shuo Chen
Summary: Mammalian expression systems, particularly HEK-293 cells, combined with electrophysiological studies, have greatly improved our understanding of ion channels. It was previously assumed that endogenous ion channels in HEK-293 cells were negligible, but recent studies have shown their presence should be considered. This article summarizes the different endogenously expressed ion channels in HEK-293 cells and highlights the variability in expression patterns and channel profiles. A better understanding of endogenous ion channels can help minimize potential issues in characterizing heterologously expressed ion channels. It is recommended to examine the functional profile of HEK-293 cells before transfection, especially when endogenous ion channels are not overwhelmed by exogenous ion channels.
PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Miriam Kessi, Baiyu Chen, Langui Pan, Li Yang, Lifen Yang, Jing Peng, Fang He, Fei Yin
Summary: Investigations showed that the p.E411D, p.V622G, and p.A272V mutations in the CACNA1C gene decrease the expression levels of CACNA1C proteins and impair mitochondrial and lysosomal functions, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of CACNA1C-related disorders.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Emiliano Tesoro-Cruz, Leticia Manuel-Apolinar, Norma Oviedo, Sandra Orozco-Suarez, Minerva Crespo Ramirez, Vilma Carolina Bekker-Mendez, M. Magdalena Aguirre-Garcia, Sandra Angelica Rojas-Osornio, Vladimir Paredes-Cervantes, Miguel Perez de la Mora
Summary: Tryptophan hydroxylase type 2 (Tph2) is crucial in serotonin (5-HT) biosynthesis, and its dysfunction may lead to 5-HT deficiency. Research has linked polymorphisms of the TPH2 gene to suicidal behavior, while 5-HT deficiency has been associated with various psychiatric pathologies. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the potential application of TPH2 gene in psychiatric diseases involving Tph2 dysfunction or serotonin deficiency.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
N. Cini, O. Atasoy, M. A. Erdogan, G. Yaprak, E. Eroglu, C. Sirin, Y. Uyanikgil, O. Erbas
Summary: The study found that granisetron has neuroprotective properties in a rat model of radiation-induced brain damage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Jeffrey J. Schoenebeck, Sheila Hamilton-Dyer, Ian L. Baxter, Tobias Schwarz, Marc Nussbaumer
Summary: By analyzing the morphology of the Warmington Roman dog, its size, shape, and potential breeding purposes were revealed, shedding light on Roman life in one of the farthest outposts of the Roman Empire.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiang-Qun Hu, Lubo Zhang
Summary: Hypoxia during gestation has significant impacts on maternal complications and fetal development. Mitochondrial ROS play a key role in placental dysfunction and pregnancy complications. Therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial ROS in placental cells are discussed for potential treatment strategies.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. A. Lyons, R. M. Buckley, R. J. Harvey, Danielle Aberdein, Asa Ohlsson Andersson, Tomas F. Bergstrom, Adam R. Boyko, Margret L. Casal, Brian W. Davis, Ottmar Distl, N. Matthew Ellinwood, Oliver P. Forman, Edward Ginns, Daisuke Hasegawa, Vidhya Jagannathan, Isabel Hernandez, Maria Kaukonen, Emilie Leclerc, Tosso Leeb, Hannes Lohi, Mark A. Magnuson, Shrinivasrao P. Mane, John S. Munday, Alexandra N. Myers, Simon M. Peterson-Jones, Clare Rusbridge, Beth Shapiro, William F. Swanson, Rory J. Todhunter, Elizabeth A. Wilcox, Yoshihiko Yu
Summary: Tabby patterns in cats are influenced by at least three loci, including Tabby and Ticked loci. The Ticked locus on cat chromosome B1 is suggested to control the presence or absence of ticked patterns. Variant analysis identified candidate genes and variants associated with the Ticked locus, including Dickkopf Wnt Signaling Pathway Inhibitor 4 (DKK4) variants.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Xiang-Qun Hu, Chiranjib Dasgupta, Rui Song, Monica Romero, Sean M. Wilson, Lubo Zhang
Summary: Pregnancy-induced hypoxia significantly increases circulating levels of miR-210 in both ewes and their fetuses. The study revealed that miR-210 directly targets and downregulates specific proteins in uterine arteries, leading to significant decreases in Ca2+ sparks and STOCs. This mechanistic link sheds light on pregnancy complications associated with hypoxia and potential therapeutic targets.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Charlotte S. C. Woolley, Ian G. Handel, Barend M. Bronsvoort, Jeffrey J. Schoenebeck, Dylan N. Clements
Summary: This study confirmed an outbreak of vomiting in UK dogs between December 2019 and March 2020 using data from Dogslife and Google Trends. The odds of reporting a vomiting incident to Dogslife were 1.51 compared to previous years, indicating differences in owner decision-making when seeking veterinary attention and identifying factors associated with dogs at higher odds of experiencing a vomiting episode.
Article
Cell Biology
Zoe Crane-Smith, Jeffrey Schoenebeck, Katy A. Graham, Paul S. Devenney, Lorraine Rose, Mark Ditzell, Eve Anderson, Joseph I. Thomson, Natasha Klenin, Deborah M. Kurrasch, Laura A. Lettice, Robert E. Hill
Summary: Conserved enhancers play a crucial role in regulating embryonic development, with particular importance in hypothalamic morphogenesis and adjacent cranial bone development. Differential levels of Shh expression have significant effects on neuronal population induction and DV patterning gene expression, impacting various aspects of embryonic development.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiang-Qun Hu, Lubo Zhang
Summary: Chronic hypoxia can lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and integrated stress response, playing important roles in the development of pulmonary hypertension, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. Hypoxia-inducible factors, oxidative stress, and ER stress/UPR have been implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases, highlighting their significance in drug development.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiangqun Hu, Lubo Zhang
Summary: During pregnancy, uteroplacental blood flow increases, which is crucial for the well-being of both the mother and the growth/development of the fetus. This hemodynamic change is primarily achieved through uterine vascular adaptation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Xiang-Qun Hu, Lubo Zhang
Summary: Preeclampsia is a common complication in pregnancy, associated with high rates of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Mitochondrial abnormality is a major contributor to placental dysfunction, which is believed to be the cause of preeclampsia. Circulating bioactive factors released from the placenta can cause mitochondrial damage, leading to endothelial dysfunction and elevated maternal blood pressure.
CURRENT HYPERTENSION REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiang-Qun Hu, Rui Song, Chiranjib Dasgupta, Monica Romero, Rucha Juarez, Jenna Hanson, Arlin B. Blood, Sean M. Wilson, Lubo Zhang
Summary: This study demonstrates a novel mechanistic role for the miR-210-ISCU-mtROS axis in inhibiting Ca2+ sparks/STOCs in the maladaptation of uterine arteries and provides new insights into the understanding of mitochondrial perturbations in the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications resulted from hypoxia.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiang-Qun Hu, Lubo Zhang
Summary: Adequate uteroplacental blood supply is crucial for the development and growth of the placenta and fetus during pregnancy. The regulation of uteroplacental blood flow, controlled by Ca2+-activated K+ (K-Ca) channels, is vital for the well-being of the mother and fetus. However, the regulation of uteroplacental vascular function by K-Ca channels is compromised in pregnancy complications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the roles of K-Ca channels in the regulation of the uteroplacental circulation under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Violeta Trejo-Reveles, Nicholas Owen, Brian Ho Ching Chan, Maria Toms, Jeffrey J. Schoenebeck, Mariya Moosajee, Joe Rainger, Genom England Research Consortium
Summary: Ocular coloboma (OC) is a tissue defect in the ventral eye caused by incomplete optic fissure closure during embryonic development. This study identified 10 candidate genes, including EMX2, NID1, and EPHB3, that are involved in ventral eye development across multiple vertebrate species. Manipulation of emx2 and ephb3 in zebrafish embryos resulted in the developmental OC phenotype. These findings suggest that further analysis of EMX2, NID1, and EPHB3 is warranted in the context of ocular coloboma and structural eye malformations.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiang-Qun Hu, Lubo Zhang
Summary: This article mainly discusses the importance of ROS derived from NOXs and mitochondria in regulating the Ca(v)1.2 channel in blood vessels, as well as the potential role of ROS-mediated Ca(v)1.2 dysfunction in aberrant vascular function in hypertension, diabetes, and preeclampsia.
Article
Neurosciences
Xiang-Qun Hu, Rui Song, Chiranjib Dasgupta, Arlin B. Blood, Lubo Zhang
Summary: Hypoxia during pregnancy impairs uterine vascular adaptation through the miR-210-TET2-mtROS pathway, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). TET2, a regulator of inflammation and oxidative stress, is downregulated in uterine arteries under gestational hypoxia and is targeted by miR-210. Knockdown of TET2 inhibits STOCs, increases mtROS, and elevates myogenic tone, while overexpression of TET2 reverses the effects of hypoxia and miR-210-induced mtROS.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
S. Struthers, B. Andersson, M. Schmutz, O. Matika, H. A. McCormack, P. W. Wilson, I. C. Dunn, V. Sandilands, J. J. Schoenebeck
Summary: This study describes the variation in maxillary beak shape in two pure White Leghorn layer lines and examines its relationship with pre-maxillary bone, feather cover, and mortality. Through geometric morphometrics analysis, it was found that the beak shape variation could be explained by three principal components, and there were differences in beak shape between different lines. Additionally, a moderate correlation was found between beak shape and pre-maxillary bone shape and size. Furthermore, there were differences in feather cover and mortality between different lines.
