Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jakob Soltau, Markus Osterhoff, Tim Salditt
Summary: This novel approach to x-ray microscopy combines a multilayer zone plate with an iterative phase retrieval scheme to achieve high resolution and quantitative phase contrast.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Qisong Li, Haosong Shi, Shanming Xi, Jincheng Jiang, Long Zhang, Yi Liu
Summary: We report a novel achromatic refractive-diffractive micro-optical element based on biological hydrogel, which exhibits single-material apochromatism. By modulating the pH value, the hydrogel can change its refractive index and achieve tuning of multi-wavelength focusing performance and chromatic aberration adjustment. The potential applications of such hybrid microoptical elements include biomedical imaging and optical biology sensing.
Article
Optics
Daniel Smith, Soon Hock Ng, Molong Han, Tomas Katkus, Vijayakumar Anand, Karl Glazebrook, Saulius Juodkazis
Summary: This study utilized femtosecond laser technology to design and fabricate three different configurations of binary axicon-axicon, demonstrating that single-pulse burst fabrication can result in better surface quality compared to pulse overlapping. The fabricated elements were cleaned using IsoPropyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide, and optical testing was conducted with incoherent illumination while noisy images were cleaned with a non-linear optical filter.
APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zheng Xiong, Arun Poudel, Ameya R. Narkar, Zhe Zhang, Puskal Kunwar, James H. Henderson, Pranav Soman
Summary: In this study, the authors propose a new method called femtosecond (fs) laser-induced densification to generate diffractive gratings within hydrogel materials. By controlling the parameters of the fs laser, custom volume gratings can be fabricated within the hydrogel. The method is also demonstrated to be applicable to pH-responsive hydrogels.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Review
Optics
Jia-Wei Tan, Gong Wang, Yunfei Li, Yu Yu, Qi-Dai Chen
Summary: Micro-optical components have significant potential applications in imaging, optical fiber communication, and aerospace due to their small size, light weight, and flexible design. Fabricating micro-optical components on hard brittle materials is crucial for improving stability and expanding the optical transmission range. This study reviews recent advances in refractive/diffractive micro-optical components using femtosecond laser processing technologies, and summarizes their applications in imaging, sensing, display, and integration, highlighting the challenges and outlook of femtosecond laser processing technologies for micro-optical components.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Deniz Mengu, Anika Tabassum, Mona Jarrahi, Aydogan Ozcan
Summary: Multispectral imaging has applications in various fields and a diffractive optical network-based system is proposed to create a virtual spectral filter array. This system performs coherent imaging over a large spectrum and routes specific spectral channels onto an array of pixels without filters or recovery algorithms. The system's compact design and polarization insensitivity make it transformative for imaging applications where high-density multispectral pixel arrays are not readily available.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Daniel Keefer, Jeremy R. Rouxel, Flavia Aleotti, Francesco Segatta, Marco Garavelli, Shaul Mukamel
Summary: Research demonstrates that using a resonant infrared field at conical intersections can enhance coherence features of photoisomerization reactions and bring signals of conical intersections above the detection threshold.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Optics
Henry Arguello, Samuel Pinilla, Yifan Peng, Hayato Ikoma, Jorge Bacca, Gordon Wetzstein
Summary: State-of-the-art snapshot spectral imaging systems use color-coded apertures for flexible spatial-spectral modulation, improving spectral reconstruction quality and reducing device size. The use of diffractive optical elements has replaced traditional lenses in some systems to achieve these benefits.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nikolay Ivliev, Viktoria Evdokimova, Vladimir Podlipnov, Maxim Petrov, Sofiya Ganchevskaya, Ivan Tkachenko, Dmitry Abrameshin, Yuri Yuzifovich, Artem Nikonorov, Roman Skidanov, Nikolay Kazanskiy, Victor Soifer
Summary: This study presents a nanosatellite using an ultra-lightweight harmonic diffractive lens for Earth remote sensing. The researchers described the CubeSat platform, lens synthesis, design, and manufacturing process, and the image post-processing with a convolutional neural network on Earth.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zachary Barringer, Jie Jiang, Xiaowen Shi, Elijah Schold, Anastasios Pateras, S. Cipiccia, C. Rau, Jian Shi, Edwin Fohtung
Summary: The defects in V2O3 grown via a flux method were studied, revealing large flake-like particles with spiral growth characteristics and smaller particles without the characteristic screw dislocation of spiral growth. The identification and measurement of various defects were done using Bragg coherent diffractive imaging.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Rajesh Menon, Nicole Brimhall
Summary: Flat optics, which have been used for focusing and imaging for many years, have experienced a recent resurgence due to advancements in computational electromagnetics and nanofabrication. In this perspective, the connections between flat lenses and holograms are summarized, the current state of diffractive flat lenses is described, an effective metric for comparing their performance is proposed (the generalized strehl ratio), and potential areas for future research are explored.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Lin Zou, Zhiying Zhang, Haitao Yu, Zhi Zhong, Mingguang Shan, Lei Liu
Summary: A camouflaged cryptosystem based on optical diffractive imaging is proposed, which encodes a camouflaged image into an intensity image and a secret image into generated phase masks. The fake ciphertext and random phase masks are transmitted through a common channel, while the generated phase masks are transmitted through a private channel. Only authorized receivers with the fake ciphertext and generated phase masks can retrieve the secret image.
Article
Optics
Arpita Haldar, Garima Joshi, R. Vijaya
Summary: The optical diffraction characteristics of thin and transparent polymer surfaces patterned with periodic arrangement of dimples and bulges are studied. The concave curvature of the unit cell gives higher diffraction intensity than the convex curvature in the experiment. The experiment demonstrates that pattern depth/height in the range of 40-100 nm is sufficient to observe diffraction from patterned low-index polymeric surfaces.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Qiang Fu, Dong-ming Yan, Wolfgang Heidrich
Summary: This study presents a diffractive lensless camera utilizing spatially-coded Voronoi-Fresnel phase for superior image quality. The design principle focuses on maximizing acquired information in optics to facilitate computational reconstruction, with the optimization guided by an easy-to-optimize Fourier domain metric, MTFv. The proposed Voronoi-Fresnel phase outperforms existing lensless cameras and holds potential for compact imaging systems in extreme physical conditions.
Article
Optics
Hao Zhu, Zhen Liu, You Zhou, Zhan Ma, Xun Cao
Summary: Lensless imaging is a reliable method for observing microscopic scenes and has various applications. We propose a novel unsupervised Diffractive Neural Field (DNF) method that accurately characterizes the imaging process and achieves precise reconstruction of complex fields using limited measurements. Simulation and experimental results show the superior performance and potential of the proposed method.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alfredo Bellisario, Filipe R. N. C. Maia, Tomas Ekeberg
Summary: This article introduces a neural network pipeline that aims to restore diffraction intensities, addressing the challenges posed by noise and masks in free-electron lasers for X-ray imaging of single biological macro-molecules. The results show significant improvement in data quality when dealing with noise and masks, demonstrating the feasibility of using deep learning methods to restore diffraction intensities from unknown structures in real time.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
J. Lukas Dresselhaus, Holger Fleckenstein, Martin Domaracky, Mauro Prasciolu, Nikolay Ivanov, Jerome Carnis, Kevin T. Murray, Andrew J. Morgan, Henry N. Chapman, Sasa Bajt
Summary: Improvements in x-ray optics rely on the measurement of their optical performance. Currently, characterization is done using intense x-ray sources, but limited access can slow down development. Lab-based x-ray micro-sources and new metrology methods enable precise characterization of x-ray optics with high sensitivity.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Susannah Holmes, Henry J. Kirkwood, Richard Bean, Klaus Giewekemeyer, Andrew Martin, Marjan Hadian-Jazi, Max O. Wiedorn, Dominik Oberthuer, Hugh Marman, Luigi Adriano, Nasser Al-Qudami, Sasa Bajt, Imrich Barak, Sadia Bari, Johan Bielecki, Sandor Brockhauser, Mathew A. Coleman, Francisco Cruz-Mazo, Cyril Danilevski, Katerina Doerner, Alfonso M. Ganan-Calvo, Rita Graceffa, Hans Fanghor, Michael Heymann, Matthias Frank, Alexander Kaukher, Yoonhee Kim, Bostjan Kobe, Juraj Knoska, Torsten Laurus, Romain Letrun, Luis Maia, Marc Messerschmidt, Markus Metz, Thomas Michelat, Grant Mills, Serguei Molodtsov, Diana C. F. Monteiro, Andrew J. Morgan, Astrid Muennich, Gisel E. Pena Murillo, Gianpietro Previtali, Adam Round, Tokushi Sato, Robin Schubert, Joachim Schulz, Megan Shelby, Carolin Seuring, Jonas A. Sellberg, Marcin Sikorski, Alessandro Silenzi, Stephan Stern, Jola Sztuk-Dambietz, Janusz Szuba, Martin Trebbin, Patrick Vagovic, Thomas Ve, Britta Weinhausen, Krzysztof Wrona, Paul Lourdu Xavier, Chen Xu, Oleksandr Yefanov, Keith A. Nugent, Henry N. Chapman, Adrian P. Mancuso, Anton Barty, Brian Abbey, Connie Darmanin
Summary: The European XFEL MHz SFX technique enables tracking of sub-microsecond structural changes in individual crystals, allowing for multi-hit serial crystallography. This technique overcomes the issue of radiation damage in traditional methods.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Vasundara Srinivasan, Hevila Brognaro, Prince R. Prabhu, Edmarcia Elisa de Souza, Sebastian Guenther, Patrick Y. A. Reinke, Thomas J. Lane, Helen Ginn, Huijong Han, Wiebke Ewert, Janina Sprenger, Faisal H. M. Koua, Sven Falke, Nadine Werner, Hina Andaleeb, Najeeb Ullah, Bruno Alves Franca, Mengying Wang, Angelica Luana C. Barra, Markus Perbandt, Martin Schwinzer, Christina Schmidt, Lea Brings, Kristina Lorenzen, Robin Schubert, Rafael Rahal Guaragna Machado, Erika Donizette Candido, Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira, Edison Luiz Durigon, Stephan Niebling, Angelica Struve Garcia, Oleksandr Yefanov, Julia Lieske, Luca Gelisio, Martin Domaracky, Philipp Middendorf, Michael Groessler, Fabian Trost, Marina Galchenkova, Aida Rahmani Mashhour, Sofiane Saouane, Johanna Hakanpaeae, Markus Wolf, Maria Garcia Alai, Dusan Turk, Arwen R. Pearson, Henry N. Chapman, Winfried Hinrichs, Carsten Wrenger, Alke Meents, Christian Betzel
Summary: Three natural phenolic compounds have been found to bind to an allosteric site in SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease, displaying antiviral activity in vitro and showing potential as starting scaffolds for drug design. These compounds can prevent essential molecular interactions and reinstate the host's antiviral immune response that is down-regulated in COVID-19 infections.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jean T. Coulibaly, Kigbafori D. Silue, Maxim Armstrong, Maria Diaz de Leon Derby, Michael V. D'Ambrosio, Daniel A. Fletcher, Jennifer Keiser, Karla Fisher, Jason R. Andrews, Isaac I. Bogoch
Summary: Schistosomiasis infections have a disproportionate impact on African settings. Mobile phone microscopy showed promising results for schistosomiasis control and elimination efforts, with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 93.3% for identifying Schistosoma haematobium compared to conventional light microscopy. It also had a sensitivity of 95% for detecting egg concentrations of five or more per 10 mL of urine.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adam J. Stevens, Andrew R. Harris, Josiah Gerdts, Ki H. Kim, Coralie Trentesaux, Jonathan T. Ramirez, Wesley L. McKeithan, Faranak Fattahi, Ophir D. Klein, Daniel A. Fletcher, Wendell A. Lim
Summary: Cell adhesion molecules play a crucial role in various cellular processes, and their synthetic counterparts can be generated by combining extracellular interactions with intracellular domains. These synthetic molecules allow for customized cell-cell interactions with properties similar to native interactions. The intracellular domains determine the interface morphology and mechanics, while the extracellular interaction domains specify the connectivity between cells. This toolkit of synthetic cell adhesion molecules enables the assembly of multicellular architectures and the systematic remodeling of native tissues, providing insights into the evolution of different classes of cell-cell interfaces. Overall, these tools have significant implications for cell and tissue engineering and the study of multicellular organization.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Fabian Trost, Kartik Ayyer, Mauro Prasciolu, Holger Fleckenstein, Miriam Barthelmess, Oleksandr Yefanov, J. Lukas Dresselhaus, Chufeng Li, Sasa Bait, Jerome Carnis, Tamme Wollweber, Abhishek Mall, Zhou Shen, Yulong Zhuang, Stefan Richter, Sebastian Karl, Sebastian Cardoch, Kajwal Kumar Patra, Johannes Moeller, Alexey Zozulya, Roman Shayduk, Wei Lu, Felix Brausse, Bertram Friedrich, Ulrike Boesenberg, Ilia Petrov, Sergey Tomin, Marc Guetg, Anders Madsen, Nicusor Timneanu, Carl Caleman, Ralf Roehlsberger, Joachim von Zanthier, Henry N. Chapman
Summary: In this study, a method of obtaining images of structures using x-ray fluorescence emission is proposed. The photon-photon correlations are recorded to generate a model-free real-space image of the structure of the emitters. This technique may enable imaging of uncrystallized macromolecules due to the dominance of fluorescence over coherent scattering.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wolfgang Brehm, Thomas White, Henry N. Chapman
Summary: The recent diversification of macromolecular crystallographic experiments has exposed the limitations of using the Laue equations for diffraction prediction. This article presents a computationally efficient method for calculating approximate crystal diffraction patterns based on different distributions of the incoming beam, crystal shapes, and other hidden parameters. The method models each pixel of a diffraction pattern, improving data processing by enabling the correction of partially recorded reflections. By expressing distributions as weighted sums of Gaussian functions, the approach reduces the number of patterns needed for refining a structure to a given error.
ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA A-FOUNDATION AND ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alessandra Henkel, Marina Galchenkova, Julia Maracke, Oleksandr Yefanov, Bjarne Klopprogge, Johanna Hakanpaa, Jeroen R. Mesters, Henry N. Chapman, Dominik Oberthuer
Summary: Macromolecular crystallography is a well-established method in structural biology but is now being developed to investigate protein dynamics through time-resolved methods. This study presents a novel one-step process called JINXED that combines protein crystallization and data collection, avoiding the need for multiple handling steps and potentially enabling time-resolved experiments with crystals containing small solvent channels.
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Henry N. Chapman
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tek Narsingh Malla, Kara Zielinski, Luis Aldama, Sasa Bajt, Denisse Feliz, Brendon Hayes, Mark Hunter, Christopher Kupitz, Stella Lisova, Juraj Knoska, Jose Manuel Martin-Garcia, Valerio Mariani, Suraj Pandey, Ishwor Poudyal, Raymond G. Sierra, Alexandra Tolstikova, Oleksandr Yefanov, Chung Hong Yoon, Abbas Ourmazd, Petra Fromme, Peter Schwander, Anton Barty, Henry N. Chapman, Emina A. Stojkovic, Alexander Batyuk, Sebastien Boutet, George N. Phillips, Lois Pollack, Marius Schmidt
Summary: This study used mix-and-inject serial crystallography to trace atomic positions and elucidate essential enzymatic functions at the atomic level. The results reveal detailed information about ligand binding heterogeneity, ligand gating, cooperativity, induced fit, and conformational selection from the same set of data, providing insights into the inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis enzyme by sulbactam.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Crystallography
Marina Galchenkova, Aida Rahmani Mashhour, Patrick Y. A. Reinke, Sebastian Guenther, Jan Meyer, Henry N. Chapman, Oleksandr M. Yefanov
Summary: Serial crystallography is a rapidly developing method for determining the structure of biomolecules at near-atomic resolution. This paper proposes a strategy to optimize beamtime utilization in serial crystallography experiments, which involves fast scanning of the chip to determine crystal positions and excluding empty positions during data acquisition, resulting in significant savings in beamtime utilization and reduced data volume.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Sebastian Cardoch, Fabian Trost, Howard A. Scott, Henry N. Chapman, Carl Caleman, Nicusor Timneanu
Summary: Saturable absorption is a nonlinear effect that hinders a material's ability to absorb light due to a high influx of photons and the creation of electron vacancies. This computational study investigates the interaction between femtosecond x rays and copper using nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium plasma simulations. The results show that copper's saturable absorption reduces the temporal duration of transmitted x-ray laser pulses and leads to changes in opacity and the emergence of resonances. The authors also propose the use of fluorescence induced by the incident beam as an alternative source for achieving shorter x-ray pulses.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Pamela H. W. Svensson, Lucas Schwob, Oscar Granaes, Isaak Unger, Olle Bjoerneholm, Nicusor Timneanu, Rebecka Lindblad, Anna-Lydia Vieli, Vicente Zamudio-Bayer, Martin Timm, Konstantin Hirsch, Carl Caleman, Marta Berholts
Summary: The present study investigates the photofragmentation behavior of iodine-enhanced nitroimidazole-based radiosensitizer model compounds in their protonated form using near-edge X-ray absorption mass spectrometry and quantum mechanical calculations. The experimental results are explained using theoretical simulations based on density functional theory, providing important insights into the properties of these compounds.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)