Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Jean-Christian Angles d'Auriac, Ferenc Igloi
Summary: Using combinatorial optimization techniques, this study examines the critical properties of the two- and three-dimensional Ising models under a homogeneous longitudinal field. The results show that the phase transition is mixed order in two dimensions and it is uncertain whether it is second order or mixed order in three dimensions.
Article
Optics
D. Thul, R. Bernath, N. Bodnar, H. Kerrigan, D. Reyes, J. Pena, P. Roumayah, L. Shah, D. Maukonen, J. Bradford, M. Baudelet, S. Rostami Fairchild, M. Richardson
Summary: The Mobile Ultrafast High Energy Laser Facility is a compact and transportable 5 TW near-infrared laser source located at Kennedy Space Center, suitable for long range studies of high intensity laser propagation. With stand-alone beam diagnostic stations and atmospheric monitoring capabilities, this facility is ideal for the development of stand-off high energy ultrafast applications and atmospheric laser science studies.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Optics
Amlan Das, Andong Wang, Olivier Uteza, David Grojo
Summary: This article investigates the conditions of laser writing inside semiconductors for possible three-dimensional integration in advanced micro technologies. The study finds that well-defined and reproducible internal modifications can be achieved with tightly focused nanosecond pulses. Additionally, compared to silicon, gallium arsenide shows a higher susceptibility to filamentation effects affecting the modification responses.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Xiaobing Li, Ranran Guo, Yu Zhou, Kangning Liu, Jia Zhao, Fen Long, Yuanfang Wu, Zhiming Li
Summary: The exploration of the QCD phase diagram and critical point is an important focus in current relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Machine learning techniques have proven to be powerful in distinguishing different phases of matter and studying the phase diagram. In this study, supervised learning methods are used to investigate phase transitions in the 3D cubic Ising model. It is found that a 3D convolutional neural network can effectively predict physical quantities in different spin configurations and identify both second- and first-order phase transitions. The important features that discriminate different phases in the classification processes are also investigated. These findings contribute to the study and understanding of QCD phase transitions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Neda Amjadi, Ali Hatef, Rasoul Malekfar
Summary: This paper numerically studies the photothermal response of a VO2@Au nanoshell in an aqueous medium when irradiated by a nanosecond pulsed laser. It proposes a new generation of plasmonic nanoparticles that utilize optical phase-change materials for a tunable photothermal response. By solving a self-consistent multiphysics problem, the temperature can be controlled and detected in a non-invasive way, and the photoacoustic signal can accurately measure the local temperature in deep tissues.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2022)
Article
Optics
Linzheng Wang, Zhelin Zhang, Tianhao Xia, Yanping Chen, Zhengming Sheng
Summary: In this study, we demonstrate frequency tuning of terahertz emissions by changing the polarization state of the fundamental wave. Numerical simulation results reveal that this frequency tuning is due to the birefringence effect induced by the fundamental wave on the second harmonic inside the filament.
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Optics
V Shumakova, E. Schubert, T. Balciunas, M. Matthews, S. Alisauskas, D. Mongin, A. Pugzlys, J. Kasparian, A. Baltuska, J-P Wolf
Summary: The research found that mid-IR laser pulses can generate high yields of nanometric and sub-mu m aerosols, which cannot be explained by traditional mechanisms. This discovery reveals a new mechanism for aerosol stabilization and growth.
Article
Optics
Jianji Wang, Yajun Guo, Xiaowei Song, Jingquan Lin
Summary: A novel method is presented to modulate multi-filament distribution using interference of two delayable femtosecond laser pulses with a phase plate.
Regular femtosecond laser multifilament array can be realized and conveniently converted between different patterns by adjusting the delay of the two laser pulses.
The spatiotemporal phase variation of the interference beam is responsible for this control process, providing flexibility for filament array in various applications.
OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Gavin Blair, Phillip Sprangle
Summary: In this paper, the mechanisms for generating directed rf radiation by a low-intensity laser pulse train (LPT) propagating in air are analyzed and numerically simulated. The ionization process relies on background radioactivity and the low-intensity LPT photoionizes background negative ions to initiate collisional ionization. The driven radial electron currents generated by the LPT produce directed rf radiation.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Athreya Shankar, Jarrod T. Reilly, Simon B. Jager, Murray J. Holland
Summary: The study reveals a dissipative phase transition before the onset of steady-state superradiance in a bad cavity laser, characterized by nonanalytic behavior and variance discontinuity. Below a critical repump rate, the cavity output power is strongly suppressed, while above this value it scales linearly with atom number. In the critical region, a macroscopically entangled steady state is observed with a negligible fraction of unentangled atoms in the large atom number limit.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
B. V. Rumiantsev, E. I. Mareev, A. S. Bychkov, A. A. Karabutov, E. B. Cherepetskaya, V. A. Makarov, F. V. Potemkin
Summary: The hybrid optoacoustic method can accurately retrieve the spatial distributions of plasma electron density and deposited energy density under optical breakdown in condensed medium, providing qualitative and quantitative descriptions of laser impact on the medium. This method, based on photoacoustic imaging and shadowgraphy techniques, has high spatial resolution and can be applied in both technological applications and fundamental science of laser-matter interaction.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hiroya Nishikawa, Fumito Araoka
Summary: A novel chiral nematic phase Np* with a polar helical order has been realized, which is characterized by a continuously twisted polarization and ultrafast electro-optic switching performance. The properties of Np* differ from conventional cholesteric phases and have been confirmed through transmission spectroscopy and measurements. This unique Np*LC structure suggests new potential applications for electrically interchangeable photonic bandgaps.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Sean Fayfar, Alex Bretana, Wouter Montfrooij
Summary: This study presents computer simulations on a new class of percolative systems and determines the universal critical exponents for this new class. Despite the restriction on the evolution of isolated clusters in protected percolation, the scaling relationships between the critical exponents remain valid. The findings suggest that protected percolation in three dimensions violates the Harris criterion, shedding light on the difficulties in finding universal exponents for quantum phase transitions.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Pengfei Qi, Wenqi Qian, Lanjun Guo, Jiayun Xue, Nan Zhang, Yuezheng Wang, Zhi Zhang, Zeliang Zhang, Lie Lin, Changlin Sun, Liguo Zhu, Weiwei Liu
Summary: This paper summarizes recent research advances in sensing with femtosecond laser filamentation, including fundamental physics, sensing methods, typical sensing techniques and application scenarios, and highlights the challenges in sensing and controlling filamentation in complex environments.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Roni Muslim, M. Jauhar Kholili, Ahmad R. T. Nugraha
Summary: We investigate the opinion evolution of outflow dynamics using the Sznajd model on a complete graph incorporating contrarian and independence behaviors. Our simulation demonstrates that all scenarios undergo a second-order phase transition, with the critical point decreasing exponentially as the contrarian and flexibility factors increase. Additionally, we observe that the critical point of the three-one scenario is smaller than that of the two-two scenario. Surprisingly, scenarios involving contrarians have a higher probability of achieving a consensus compared to scenarios involving independence. Our findings indicate that the model belongs to the same universality class as the mean-field Ising model.
PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
(2022)
Article
Limnology
Jorrit P. Mesman, Ana Ayala, Stephane Goyette, Jerome Kasparian, Rafael Marce, Hampus Markensten, Julio A. A. Stelzer, Michael W. Thayne, Mridul K. Thomas, Don C. Pierson, Bas W. Ibelings
Summary: This research found that extreme wind events can affect the concentration of phytoplankton in lakes by altering physical and chemical conditions in the water. The specific mechanisms behind these effects are still not well understood. The depth of the mixed layer, incoming shortwave radiation, hypolimnetic nutrient concentration, and surface water temperatures all play a role in determining how wind events will impact phytoplankton concentration.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Iaroslav Gaponenko, Guillaume Rohat, Stephane Goyette, Patrycja Paruch, Jerome Kasparian
Summary: Describing the spatial velocity of climate change is crucial for assessing the challenges faced by systems to keep up with its pace. The MATCH method provides detailed velocity patterns at regional scales, allowing for comparisons between models and analysis of local features. The trajectories obtained are less sensitive to inter-annual fluctuations, enabling the introduction of a trajectory regularity index for quantitative perspectives on climate sinks and sources.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Romain Gaillard, Marjorie Perroud, Stephane Goyette, Jerome Kasparian
Summary: The interaction between large inland water bodies and the atmosphere has a significant impact on regional weather and climate, as well as lake dynamics, thermodynamics, ice-formation, and ecosystems. This study evaluates a turbulence-closure k-epsilon multi-column lake model in standalone mode as a computationally-efficient alternative to a full three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for Lake Geneva. The results show that the model can reasonably reproduce the seasonal mean of thermal structures and exchanges between the lake surface and the lower atmosphere, and it requires significantly fewer computational resources compared to the 3D model. This makes it suitable for coupling with numerical atmospheric models in cases where full 3D lake models are too computationally demanding.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Optics
G. Fan, K. Legare, V Cardin, X. Xie, R. Safaei, E. Kaksis, G. Andriukaitis, A. Pugzlys, B. E. Schmidt, J. P. Wolf, M. Hehn, G. Malinowski, B. Vodungbo, E. Jal, J. Luning, N. Jaouen, G. Giovannetti, F. Calegari, Z. Tao, A. Baltuska, F. Legare, T. Balciunas
Summary: This study demonstrates spatiotemporally resolved resonant magnetic scattering of inner-shell 4d electrons in a rare-earth composite ferrimagnetic system using a bright soft x-ray high harmonic generation source, which is relevant for future energy-efficient, high-speed spintronic applications. The results verify the underlying physics of the x-ray generation strategy and indicate potential for next-generation high-performance soft x-ray HHG-based sources in future applications requiring extremely high photon flux.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yi-Ping Chang, Zhong Yin, Tadas Balciunas, Hans Jakob Worner, Jean-Pierre Wolf
Summary: The temperature of sub-micron flatjets produced by different methods has been comprehensively characterized using optical Raman spectroscopy. The cooling rate was found to depend on the material properties and source characteristics, with materials having higher vapor pressures exhibiting faster cooling rates.
STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS-US
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Charline Ragon, Valerio Lembo, Valerio Lucarini, Christian Verard, Jerome Kasparian, Maura Brunetti
Summary: This study investigates the coexistence of multiple steady states in the climate system and explores their characteristic features and influencing factors. The Thermodynamic Diagnostic Tool (TheDiaTo) is used to quantify modifications in state variables and serves as a valuable tool for model evaluation.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Optics
Aurelien Houard, Pierre Walch, Thomas Produit, Victor Moreno, Benoit Mahieu, Antonio Sunjerga, Clemens Herkommer, Amirhossein Mostajabi, Ugo Andral, Yves-Bernard Andre, Magali Lozano, Laurent Bizet, Malte C. Schroeder, Guillaume Schimmel, Michel Moret, Mark Stanley, W. A. Rison, Oliver Maurice, Bruno Esmiller, Knut Michel, Walter Haas, Thomas Metzger, Marcos Rubinstein, Farhad Rachidi, Vernon Cooray, Andre Mysyrowicz, Jerome Kasparian, Jean-Pierre Wolf
Summary: This study demonstrates for the first time that laser-induced filaments can guide lightning discharges over considerable distances. Field trials on the Santis mountain in Switzerland recorded the guiding of a negative lightning leader for a distance of 50 m, and this phenomenon was confirmed by interferometric measurements. This breakthrough has significant implications for lightning protection and opens up new possibilities for atmospheric applications of ultrashort lasers.
Article
Optics
A. Gomel, G. Gaulier, D. Eeltink, M. Brunetti, J. Kasparian
Summary: We experimentally investigate fluctuations in the spectrum of ultrashort laser pulses propagating in air, close to the critical power for filamentation. Increasing the laser peak power broadens the spectrum while the beam approaches the filamentation regime. We identify two regimes for this transition: In the center of the spectrum, the output spectral intensity increases continuously. In contrast, on the edges of the spectrum the transition implies a bimodal probability distribution function for intermediate incident pulse energies, where a high-intensity mode appears and grows at the expense of the original low-intensity mode. We argue that this dual behavior prevents the definition of a univoquial threshold for filamentation, shedding a new light on the long-standing lack of explicit definition of the boundary of the filamentation regime.
Article
Mechanics
S. Mendes, J. Kasparian
Summary: We have experimentally proven that changes in bathymetry affect the occurrence of rogue waves. We have recently developed a non-homogeneous correction method for spectral analysis, which allows us to describe the evolution of rogue wave probability over shoals. Additionally, we have provided an upper bound estimation for excess kurtosis. In intermediate and deep water regimes, shoals do not significantly affect wave steepness or bandwidth, resulting in a relatively constant vertical asymmetry, excess kurtosis, and exceedance probability of wave height. However, in shallower water, a sharp increase in wave steepness leads to an increase in vertical asymmetry, causing both the tail of the exceedance probability and the excess kurtosis to grow.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhong Yin, Yi-Ping Chang, Tadas Balciunas, Yashoj Shakya, Aleksa Djorovic, Geoffrey Gaulier, Giuseppe Fazio, Robin Santra, Ludger Inhester, Jean-Pierre Wolf, Hans Jakob Worner
Summary: Researchers have revealed the femtosecond proton-transfer dynamics in ionized urea dimers in aqueous solution using table-top water-window X-ray absorption spectroscopy. By combining quantum-mechanical and molecular-mechanics calculations, they were able to identify the subsequent rearrangement of the urea dimer and the associated change of the electronic structure with site selectivity. These findings highlight the potential of table-top X-ray absorption spectroscopy in elucidating ultrafast dynamics in biomolecular systems.
Article
Mechanics
Alexis Gomel, Corentin Montessuit, Andrea Armaroli, Debbie Eeltink, Amin Chabchoub, Jerome Kasparian, Maura Brunetti
Summary: The evaluation and consideration of mean flow in wave evolution equations have significant implications in various domains, such as pollutant transport in the ocean and energy and momentum exchanges between waves and ocean circulation. We have derived an accurate expression of mean flow in finite water depth, which accurately corresponds to the deep-water limit at third order in steepness and resembles second-order formulations in intermediate water. Additionally, we have provided envelope evolution equations at fourth order in steepness for the propagation of unidirectional wave groups, including the mean flow term, which is crucial for accurately modeling water wave flume experiments in arbitrary depths.
Correction
Optics
Elise Schubert, Jean-Gabriel Brisset, Mary Matthews, Antoine Courjaud, Jerome Kasparian, Jean-Pierre Wolf
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Saulo Mendes, Jerome Kasparian
Summary: The study shows that increasing the slope will increase the amplification of rogue wave probability until it saturates at steep slopes; in contrast, increasing the down slope will lead to a monotonic decrease in rogue wave probability; the model is applicable beyond the step, elucidating why previous models based on a step could describe the physics of steep slopes.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Geoffrey Gaulier, Quentin Dietschi, Aleska Djorovic, Luca La Volpe, Tania Rodrigues, Luigi Bonacina, Ivan Rodriguez, Jean-Pierre Wolf
Summary: This study introduces the near infrared (NIR) visual response achieved through two-photon absorption, and evaluates the impact of wavelength, power, and focal spot size on the response. The results show that modulation of the spectral phase of NIR pulses can predictively alter the two-photon induced response.
