期刊
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL
卷 41, 期 49, 页码 -出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/1751-8113/41/49/495003
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Since the work of Creutz, identifying the group identities for the Abelian sandpile model (ASM) on a given lattice is a puzzling issue: on rectangular portions of Z(2) complex quasi-self-similar structures arise. We study the ASM on the square lattice, in different geometries, and a variant with directed edges. Cylinders, through their extra symmetry, allow an easy determination of the identity, which is a homogeneous function. The directed variant on square geometry shows a remarkable exact structure, asymptotically self-similar.
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