Article
Chemistry, Physical
Myles C. Silfies, Grzegorz Kowzan, Neomi Lewis, Thomas K. Allison
Summary: The article discusses a cavity-enhanced ultrafast transient absorption spectrometer, extending broadband all-optical ultrafast spectroscopy techniques to dilute beams of gas-phase molecules and clusters. Technical innovations behind the spectrometer and transient absorption data on two molecular systems for excited-state intramolecular proton transfer are presented.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ryan Thalman, Nitish Bhardwaj, Callum E. Flowerday, Jaron C. Hansen
Summary: SO2 is an important precursor for the formation of atmospheric sulfate aerosol and acid rain. We developed an instrument using BBCEAS for the measurement of SO2, with a minimum limit of detection of 0.75 ppbv, using the spectral range 305.5-312 nm and an averaging time of 5 min. The instrument showed good correlation compared to fluorescence standard measurements.
Article
Optics
Rikizo Ikuta, Toshiki Kobayashi, Tomohiro Yamazaki, Nobuyuki Imoto, Takashi Yamamoto
Summary: The research demonstrates a wide-bandwidth and efficient photonic Rabi oscillation based on cavity-enhanced nonlinear optical interaction, achieving full-cycle oscillation. The system shows versatile manipulation beyond the frequency degree of freedom, making it valuable for applications in photonic quantum information processing.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Along Gao, Haibin Tang, Dongran Wang, Zexu Pang, Mingyu Chen, Boyou Wang, Jing Pan, Qitao Zhou, Fan Xia
Summary: With the popularization of the Internet of Things, the application of chemical sensors has expanded. However, a single sensor cannot meet multiple needs simultaneously. Emerging technologies such as TENG and SERS can be combined to achieve qualitative and quantitative analysis as well as self-powered detection in one device. A plasmonic cavity designed with Ag NP@PDMS demonstrates the feasibility and versatility for chemical detection, including the measurement of concentration of various analytes. This sensor system shows potential for self-powered chemical sensors in environmental monitoring and analytical chemistry.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Yash Tiwari, Vishvendra Singh Poonia
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the impact of chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) on the radical pair mechanism of avian magnetoreception. They found that CISS significantly increased the sensitivity of the avian compass and counteracted the deleterious effect of the dipolar interaction. The analysis showed that CISS allowed the radical pair model to have more realistic recombination rates and better sensitivity. Additionally, the researchers observed that spin relaxation further enhanced the compass sensitivity under CISS compared to the no CISS case.
Article
Neurosciences
Tingting Wang, Nasra Yasin, Salman Zubedat, Yelena Loboda, Avi Avital, Levi Schachter, John P. M. Finberg
Summary: Short-term exposure to SMF significantly enhanced selective attention in rats without affecting locomotor activity, while all SMF exposures non-significantly enhanced motor coordination. Neurochemical analysis demonstrated an increased expression of cortical and striatal CRY1 and SYN1 with SMF exposure. Time and brain area-dependent effects of SMF on neuroplasticity-related structural biomarkers were observed, suggesting a potential use of SMF for treatment of neurological diseases involving impaired selective attention or neuroplasticity.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Imogen M. Fermor-Worth, Catalin Chimerel
Summary: Absorption spectroscopy is widely used for analysis due to its label-free nature, but it has limited sensitivity in small liquid samples with short absorption pathlengths. This study presents a novel concept for an ultrasensitive broadband absorption spectrometer optimized for thin liquid films. By implementing an optical cavity on a fiber-based absorption spectrometer, light is circulated multiple times through the sample to enhance sensitivity.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Lei Wang, Yunfei En, Zhangming Zhu
Summary: This article presents a broadband multicomponent magnetic probe with improved electric-field suppression performance. The probe utilizes two orthogonal sensing loops to capture two orthogonal magnetic-field components simultaneously. Impedance matching and unwanted electromagnetic mode suppression are achieved through the use of a via array and fence. Electric-field suppression is improved by additional shielding vias. The proposed design was simulated, fabricated, and tested to validate its rationality.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gaoxuan Wang, Lingshuo Meng, Qian Gou, Benjamin Hanoune, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Thomas Fagniez, Cecile Coeur, Rony Akiki, Weidong Chen
Summary: A novel instrument based on broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy has been developed for simultaneous measurements of NO2 concentration and particulate matter extinction. It shows good linear correlation (r2 > 0.90) with reference analyzers. The instrument has measurement limits of 230 pptv for NO2 in 40s and 1.24 Mm-1 for particulate matter extinction in 15s. This work provides a promising method for monitoring atmospheric gaseous compounds and particulate matter simultaneously.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Raad Chegel
Summary: This paper uses the tight-binding model to study the thermal properties of tetragonal Germanene (T-Ge) under external fields and doping. T-Ge is a unique two-dimensional material with zero band gap and two Dirac points. The electronic properties of T-Ge can be modified by bias voltage, magnetic field, and chemical potential. The results show that the thermoelectric properties of T-Ge are highly sensitive to these external parameters, and by manipulating the band structure, the electrical conductivity can be optimized to achieve higher figure of merit (ZT) and improved thermoelectric performance.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shebin John, Meng Wang, Jun Chen, Anoop Pakkatil, Yingying Du, Jialuo Zhang, Arun Ramachandran, Aiswarya Saseendran, Arun P. Thomas, Deepa Viswanathan, Claudio Mazzoleni, Ravi Varma
Summary: Broadband optical cavity spectroscopy has been applied for trace gas detection, but recently it has been used for measuring extinction coefficients of aerosols. In this study, an Incoherent Broadband Cavity Enhanced Extinction spectrometer was introduced to measure broadband extinction coefficients of ambient aerosols. The spectral dependent single scattering albedo derived from the measured coefficients showed good agreement with monitoring results from a co-located instrument. The IBBCEES is a simple, sensitive, and accurate tool for measuring light extinction coefficients of atmospheric aerosols.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Robert Kavet, Joseph Brain
Summary: Animals across the animal kingdom use Earth's magnetic field for navigation through two mechanisms, one relying on magnetite crystals in tissue and the other involving cryptochrome proteins in cone photoreceptors. In birds, the Radical Pair Mechanism is used, where blue/UV light activates cryptochrome's flavin cofactor to generate radical pairs modulated by the magnetic field, aiding in orientation to the Earth's magnetic field. Mammalian Type II cryptochrome isoforms are found to play a role in the molecular clock without having a photoreceptive function.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaopeng Zhang, Wen-Huang Xu, Wenwei Zheng, Sheng-Qun Su, Yu-Bo Huang, Qirui Shui, Tianchi Ji, Mikoto Uematsu, Qian Chen, Masashi Tokunaga, Kaige Gao, Atsushi Okazawa, Shinji Kanegawa, Shu-Qi Wu, Osamu Sato
Summary: In this study, an [FeCo] dinuclear complex exhibiting a magnetic field-induced spin crossover process was obtained, resulting in a significant polarization change of 0.45μC cm(-2). Mössbauer spectroscopy and theoretical calculations revealed that the asymmetric structural change and electron redistribution were responsible for the observed polarization change. This approach provides a new strategy for enhancing the polarization change.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Siu Ying Wong, Yujing Wei, Henrik Mouritsen, Ilia A. Solov'yov, P. J. Hore
Summary: The biophysical mechanism of the magnetic compass sensor in migratory songbirds may involve a rapid dynamic equilibrium of photo-induced radical pairs, with the third radical pair primarily responsible for magnetic sensing and the fourth may be better suited for initiating magnetic signaling.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2021)
Article
Biology
Viacheslav V. Krylov, Evgeny I. Izvekov, Vera V. Pavlova, Natalia A. Pankova, Elena A. Osipova
Summary: This study demonstrates that slow magnetic fluctuations can entrain endogenous rhythmical activity in vertebrates, particularly zebrafish, with cryptochromes playing a key role in the process. This research provides promising opportunities for the magnetic control of circadian processes, e.g., correcting circadian dysfunctions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alice M. Bowen, Arnau Bertran, Kevin B. Henbest, Marina Gobbo, Christiane R. Timmel, Marilena Di Valentin
Summary: The study explores the potential of orientation-resolved pulsed dipolar spectroscopy (PDS) in light-induced experiments, using triplets as spin-active moieties for studying biochemical systems. Analysis of orientation selection effects in PDS provides both distance and mutual orientation information, with complementary information from different light-induced techniques yielding atomic-level structural information. The study introduces a 2D frequency-correlated laser-induced magnetic dipolar spectrum, allowing for monitoring of complete orientation dependence in a single experiment, as well as an orientation-independent analysis for determining distance distribution.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas C. Player, Edward D. A. Baxter, Sarah Allatt, P. J. Hore
Summary: This study explores how chemical feedback and autocatalysis in oscillating chemical reactions could amplify weak magnetic field effects on reaction rates. Using the Brusselator model oscillator, researchers found that even minute changes in the rate constant of the initiation step can result in significant fluctuations in the concentrations of reaction intermediates. The relevance of such amplification to biological effects of 50/60 Hz electromagnetic fields is also discussed.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Alice E. Green, Alexander S. Gentleman, Wieland Schoellkopf, Andre Fielicke, Stuart R. Mackenzie
Summary: An intense broadband midinfrared absorption band was reported in the Au-10(+) cluster, where only molecular vibrations would normally be expected. The observed smooth feature stretches from 700 to 3400 cm(-1) (lambda = 14-2.9 μm) in infrared multiple photon dissociation spectra. The calculations confirmed unusually low-energy allowed electronic excitations consistent with the observed spectra.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Bo Leberecht, Dmitry Kobylkov, Thiemo Karwinkel, Sara Doege, Lars Burnus, Siu Ying Wong, Shambhavi Apte, Katrin Haase, Isabelle Musielak, Raisa Chetverikova, Glen Dautaj, Marco Bassetto, Michael Winklhofer, P. J. Hore, Henrik Mouritsen
Summary: The light-dependent magnetic compass sense of night-migratory songbirds can be disrupted by weak radiofrequency fields.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Optics
Hansjochen Kockert, Jason W. L. Lee, Felix Allum, Kasra Amini, Sadia Bari, Cedric Bomme, Felix Brausse, Mark Brouard, Michael Burt, Barbara Cunha de Miranda, Stefan Duesterer, Per Eng-Johnsson, Benjamin Erk, Marie Geleoc, Romain Geneaux, Alexander S. Gentleman, Renaud Guillemin, Gildas Goldsztejn, David M. P. Holland, Iyas Ismail, Loic Journel, Thomas Kierspel, Jochen Kuepper, Jan Lahl, Stuart R. Mackenzie, Sylvain Maclot, Bastian Manschwetus, Andrey S. Mereshchenko, Terence Mullins, Pavel K. Olshin, Jerome Palaudoux, Francis Penent, Maria Novella Piancastelli, Dimitrios Rompotis, Arnaud Rouzee, Thierry Ruchon, Artem Rudenko, Nora Schirmel, Marc Simon, Simone Techert, Oksana Travnikova, Sebastian Trippel, Claire Vallance, Enliang Wang, Joss Wiese, Farzaneh Ziaee, Tatiana Marchenko, Daniel Rolles, Rebecca Boll
Summary: The ultraviolet-induced dissociation and photofragmentation of gas-phase CH2BrI molecules, induced by intense femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses at different photon energies, are studied. The charge transfer between highly charged iodine ions and neutral CH2Br radicals produced by C-I bond cleavage is investigated. The rotation of the fragment induced by the bond cleavage is found to have an influence on the charge transfer process.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Gabriele Meizyte, Philip A. J. Pearcy, Peter D. Watson, Edward I. Brewer, Alice E. Green, Matthew Doll, Olga A. Duda, Stuart R. Mackenzie
Summary: This study presents a combined experimental and quantum chemical investigation of group 9 metal nitrosyl complexes in the gas phase. Experimental infrared photodissociation spectra of mass-selected ion-molecule complexes are analyzed using simulated spectra of low-lying structures calculated using density functional theory. The results reveal a mixture of linear and nonlinear ligand binding, as well as evidence of coordination shell closing. Additional low-lying five-coordinate structures are suggested for Rh(NO)n+ complexes. Spectral features attributed to (NO)2 dimer moieties appear once a second coordination shell is occupied. Differences in spectra recorded in dissociation channels correspond to single and double ligand loss provide further evidence of such motifs.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Gediminas Jurgis Pazera, Philip Benjamin, Henrik Mouritsen, P. J. Hore
Summary: The biophysical mechanism of the magnetic compass sense of migratory songbirds is believed to be related to photochemical reactions in cryptochrome proteins. This report explores the effects of isotopic substitutions on the functioning of cryptochrome 4a as a magnetic direction sensor. It suggests that uniform deuteration of the flavin chromophore and 13C substitution of certain flavin carbons could enhance or attenuate the magnetic field effect.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gesa Gruening, Siu Ying Wong, Luca Gerhards, Fabian Schuhmann, Daniel R. Kattnig, P. J. Hore, Ilia A. Solov'yov
Summary: This study investigates the influence of thermal motion on the sensitivity of a magnetic compass in migratory birds. The findings suggest that the fluctuations in dynamical parameters and hyperfine interactions due to thermal motion can significantly affect the spin dynamics. Therefore, future research should consider the ensemble properties of hyperfine interactions.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arnau Bertran, Laura Morbiato, Sara Aquilia, Laura Gabbatore, Marta De Zotti, Christiane R. Timmel, Marilena Di Valentin, Alice M. Bowen
Summary: In this study, we introduce a new photoswitchable spin label that can be used to investigate the orientational effects in pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance dipolar spectroscopy. Furthermore, experiments conducted at temperatures above liquid nitrogen eliminate the need for expensive cryogenic equipment.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Siu Ying Wong, Philip Benjamin, P. J. Hore
Summary: The study estimates the hyperfine-only values of the half-field parameter, B-1/2, for the flavin-tryptophan radical pair and makes several important findings regarding its characteristics under different conditions. The researchers also highlight the limitations of the widely used expression for B-1/2 in the context of magnetoreception.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Luca Gerhards, Claus Nielsen, Daniel R. Kattnig, P. J. Hore, Ilia A. Solov'yov
Summary: Spin relaxation is a crucial aspect of spin dynamics in free radicals, with implications for spin-selective reactions. Accurate modeling of spin relaxation is challenging. To address this, we introduce a generalized and efficient implementation of BRW theory as a new feature in the spin dynamics toolkit MolSpin, allowing for easy study of reacting radical systems of varying complexity.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Gabriele Meizyte, Rachael H. Brown, Edward I. Brewer, Peter D. Watson, Stuart R. Mackenzie
Summary: This study investigates the properties of mixed complexes of rhodium ions using mass-selective infrared photo-dissociation spectroscopy. Through simulated spectra and observation of vibrational structures, the study reveals the ligand structures and the cooperative effects between them.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marco Bassetto, Thomas Reichl, Dmitry Kobylkov, Daniel R. Kattnig, Michael Winklhofer, P. J. Hore, Henrik Mouritsen
Summary: Migratory songbirds can use the magnetic field for direction, possibly through the quantum spin dynamics of radical pairs formed in cryptochrome proteins. However, a study on fruit flies found no evidence of magnetically sensitive behavior, challenging the hypothesis. This suggests that further research should focus on migratory songbirds to understand the mechanism of light-dependent magnetoreception.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Edward Brewer, Alice E. Green, Alexander S. Gentleman, Peter W. Beardsmore, Philip A. J. Pearcy, Gabriele Meizyte, Jack Pickering, Stuart R. Mackenzie
Summary: In this study, carbon dioxide activation at gas-phase Ho+ and HoO+ centers was investigated through experimental and computational methods. The results showed that Ho(CO2)(n)(+) complexes with CO2 binding end-on to the Ho+ ion did not undergo significant activation, while [HoO(CO2)(n)](+) complexes with n >= 3 provided clear evidence for the formation of a carbonate radical anion.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Siu Ying Wong, Yujing Wei, Henrik Mouritsen, Ilia A. Solov'yov, P. J. Hore
Summary: The biophysical mechanism of the magnetic compass sensor in migratory songbirds may involve a rapid dynamic equilibrium of photo-induced radical pairs, with the third radical pair primarily responsible for magnetic sensing and the fourth may be better suited for initiating magnetic signaling.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2021)