Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. A. Melnikov, V. E. Anikeeva, O. I. Semenova, S. V. Chekalin
Summary: We observed short-lived optical birefringence in a CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystal induced by a powerful nearly single-cycle terahertz pulse. The recorded signal contains an exponential component, underdamped oscillations and an intermediate picosecond relaxation process, associated with Kerr effect, terahertz-induced transient alignment of CH3NH3+ cations, and coherent rotation excited by the terahertz pulse in a Raman process, respectively.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Stephen J. Van Wyck, Michael D. Fayer
Summary: We studied the dynamics of concentrated lithium chloride aqueous solutions using optically heterodyne-detected optical Kerr effect experiments. The dynamics of LiCl-water decays were found to be tetra-exponential, with the faster two decays arising from water dynamics and the slower two decays reflecting the dynamics of ion-water network. The concentration dependence of the observed dynamics was correlated with simulations of structural changes, providing an atomistic-level understanding of viscosity.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ren-Hui Zheng, Feng-Qi Dong, Wen-Mei Wei, Wei-Zhong Guan
Summary: The article introduces a method for calculating nonadiabatic couplings and explores the important factors in characterizing physical and chemical properties through doubly resonant sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy of chiral solutions. The results show that the nonadiabatic effect is even larger than the Herzberg-Teller effect for some vibrational modes.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zaneta Wojnarowska, Marian Paluch
Summary: In this study, a highly polar van der Waals glass-former with preferred anti-parallel alignment of dipoles was investigated. The ordering of molecules in this system resulted in a small dielectric constant and an unprecedently low value of Kirkwood correlation factor.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zaneta Wojnarowska, Marian Paluch
Summary: In this study, we present an example of a highly polar van der Waals glass-former with preferred anti-parallel alignment of dipoles. The ordered arrangement of molecules in this material is reflected in its small dielectric constant and an unprecedentedly low value of the Kirkwood correlation factor.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2022)
Article
Optics
Hang Zhao, Yong Tan, Rui Zhang, Yuejin Zhao, Cunlin Zhang, Xi-Cheng Zhang, Liangliang Zhang
Summary: The terahertz Kerr effect (TICE) spectroscopy was used to study low-frequency molecular motions in pure ethanol and ethanol-water mixtures. It was found that the relative molecular contribution of ethanol in the mixture changes nonlinearly with increasing water molecules, indicating a complex structural perturbation of the ethanol hydrogen bond network. This work offers a new perspective for investigating hydrogen bond network structure and dynamics in aqueous amphiphilic solutions.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
David R. Saykin, Camron Farhang, Erik D. Kountz, Dong Chen, Brenden R. Ortiz, Chandra Shekhar, Claudia Felser, Stephen D. Wilson, Ronny Thomale, Jing Xia, Aharon Kapitulnik
Summary: This study reports high-resolution polar Kerr effect measurements on CsV3Sb5 single crystals to search for evidence of spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking below the charge-order transition. Utilizing two different versions of zero-area loop Sagnac interferometers operating at 1550 nm wavelength, the researchers found no observable Kerr effect within the noise floor limit. Simultaneous coherent reflection ratio measurements confirmed the sharpness of the charge-order transition, suggesting that time-reversal symmetry is unlikely to be broken in the charge ordered state in CsV3Sb5.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Alexey Selifonov, Ekaterina Selifonova, Valery V. V. Tuchin
Summary: The study used diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to investigate the changes in the optical properties of gingival mucosa caused by e-liquids in the range of 200-800 nm. It revealed the presence of three dynamic windows of gingival optical transparency in the ultraviolet (UV) range. The diffusion coefficients of e-liquids with different compositions in the gingival mucosa were estimated, which is of practical importance in disease prevention, pharmaceutical toxicity associated with vaping, and improving the effectiveness of oral UV therapy.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhiqiang Wang, Zuxing Zhang
Summary: This study numerically investigates the behavior of dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs) in fiber Kerr resonators when random noise fields are suddenly applied. Simulation results show the first observation of the annihilation and excitation of DKS under the stimulation of noise with different intensities. Switching among different states of DKSs triggered by high amplitude noise is observed, confirming the robustness of DKSs against noise perturbations and providing new insights into DKS dynamics in Kerr resonators, thus opening a new way to achieve different DKS states in fiber Kerr resonators.
IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Optics
Abdelkrim Hasnaoui, Kamel Ait-Ameur
Summary: This paper presents a new simple analytical modeling method based on the beam propagation factor for calculating the nonlinear losses induced in a circular aperture illuminated by a focused Gaussian beam subject to optical Kerr effect. The method has been applied to three applications including Kerr Lens Mode locking (KLM) mechanism, optical limitation, and Z-scan technique for a large nonlinearity. The modeling is found to depend only on the nonlinear Kerr phase shift and is independent of the wavelength and the width of the GB incident on the Kerr medium.
APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
(2021)
Article
Spectroscopy
Rumyana Yankova, Ivaylo Tankov
Summary: The influence of cation-anion interaction on the nonlinear optical properties of ionic liquids was investigated, with a focus on the internal hydrogen bonds. The structural analysis revealed differences in the strength of internal hydrogen bonds between the two compounds, leading to variations in their nonlinear optical behavior.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chaobo Yang, Hao Tang, Gaetano Magnotti
Summary: The paper demonstrates the application of Kerr-gated Raman spectroscopy in combustion environments, allowing for extraction of Raman spectra under different interference levels. The fast gating provided by the Kerr gate effectively suppresses laser induced interference in flames, extending the capability of Raman spectroscopy measurements.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. Jovicevic-Klug, P. Jovicevic-Klug, J. McCord, B. Podgornik
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of using MOKE microscopy to analyze the microstructure and stress state of martensitic steels, without the need for chemical etching, and even achieving accurate volumetric fraction estimation of retained austenite. By combining MOKE microscopy with other techniques, the residual stress state of steel can be accurately determined, and significant reduction in residual stresses can be achieved through deep cryogenic treatment, providing valuable insights for steel properties research.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Keita Miyagawa, Masaya Nagai, Masaaki Ashida, Changsu Kim, Hidefumi Akiyama
Summary: The magneto-optical Kerr effect at normal incidence in the terahertz frequency range is useful for evaluating carrier transport properties in specific layers of a p-n junction. Enhanced electric field at the p-layer in a p-n junction allows for higher sensitivity magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopy. Numerical calculations and experimental measurements can be used to determine carrier densities of n- and p-layers in GaAs epitaxial layers and devices with a p-i-n structure. This method offers high spatial resolution for imaging large-area devices.
JOURNAL OF INFRARED MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ning Ding, Kunihiro Yananose, Carlo Rizza, Feng-Ren Fan, Shuai Dong, Alessandro Stroppa
Summary: We studied the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) in a two-dimensional heterostructure CrI3/In2Se3/CrI3 using density functional theory calculations and symmetry analysis. The mirror and time-reversal symmetries are broken by the spontaneous polarization in the In2Se3 ferroelectric layer and the antiferromagnetic ordering in the CrI3 layers, thereby activating MOKE. Our results demonstrate that the Kerr angle can be reversed by either the polarization or the antiferromagnetic order parameter. This suggests that ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic 2D heterostructures could be utilized for compact information storage devices, with the information encoded by the two ferroelectric or the two time-reversed antiferromagnetic states and read optically via MOKE.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Optics
Nikolaos Liaros, John T. Fourkas
Summary: This study analyzed the accuracy of four techniques for measuring the effective order of absorption (EOA) in radical photoresists multiphoton absorption polymerization. It was found that methods based on limited reciprocity can accurately determine EOA under a wider range of operating conditions.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Longsheng Cao, Dan Li, Travis Pollard, Tao Deng, Bao Zhang, Chongyin Yang, Long Chen, Jenel Vatamanu, Enyuan Hu, Matt J. Hourwitz, Lin Ma, Michael Ding, Qin Li, Singyuk Hou, Karen Gaskell, John T. Fourkas, Xiao-Qing Yang, Kang Xu, Oleg Borodin, Chunsheng Wang
Summary: The study introduces an aqueous zinc battery with a solid-electrolyte interphase that enables excellent performance in various tests, demonstrating its potential for practical applications in energy storage.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robert S. Fischer, Xiaoyu Sun, Michelle A. Baird, Matt J. Hourwitz, Bo Ri Seo, Ana M. Pasapera, Shalin B. Mehta, Wolfgang Losert, Claudia Fischbach, John T. Fourkas, Clare M. Waterman
Summary: This study investigated the impact of contact guidance on cell migration, showing that high-amplitude fiber wave substrates inhibited cell polarization and directional migration, while low-amplitude substrates promoted directional migration. Manipulating the amplitude of ECM fibril waveforms can affect the polarization response of cancer cells.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Samuel R. Cohen, Marie Plazanet, Stephane Rols, David J. Voneshen, John T. Fourkas, Benoit Coasne
Summary: This study investigates the organization and dynamics of bulk liquid acetonitrile using molecular simulations and neutron scattering techniques. The results reveal a complex microscopic structure where liquid molecules are predominantly associated with neighboring molecules in an antiparallel, octupole-paired configuration and/or an offset, head-to-tail configuration. The analysis suggests that offset head-to-tail dimers are the most prevalent. The organization and robustness of these molecular associations favoring head-to-tail dimers are not solely determined by the Coulomb interactions but rather arise from collective effects.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nikolaos Liaros, Sandra A. Gutierrez Razo, Matthew D. Thum, Hannah M. Ogden, Andrea N. Zeppuhar, Steven Wolf, Tommaso Baldacchini, Matthew J. Kelley, John S. Petersen, Daniel E. Falvey, Amy S. Mullin, John T. Fourkas
Summary: This paper introduces techniques for investigating the dynamics of triplet states and applies these techniques to study a complex chemical system. It is found that the same color of light used for 2-photon excitation not only populates the triplet states, but also depletes them through linear absorption and reverse intersystem crossing. By using spectroscopic tools and kinetic modeling, reactive and non-reactive triplet states are identified, and compelling evidence is presented for the deactivation mechanism. This work offers the exciting possibility of understanding and controlling the photochemistry and photophysics of various triplet processes.
Article
Biology
Qixin Yang, Yuchuan Miao, Leonard J. Campanello, Matt J. Hourwitz, Bedri Abubaker-Sharif, Abby L. Bull, Peter N. Devreotes, John T. Fourkas, Wolfgang Losert
Summary: Electrotaxis is the directional migration of cells in an electric field, which is both similar to and different from other chemical gradient sensing pathways. This study demonstrates that electric fields guide cell movement by controlling the propagation of waves within cells, primarily through polarization.
Article
Cell Biology
Abby L. Bull, Leonard Campanello, Matt J. Hourwitz, Qixin Yang, Min Zhao, John T. Fourkas, Wolfgang Losert
Summary: Cells are able to prioritize among multiple guidance cues and regulate their migration direction by biasing the guidance cues.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Corey Herr, Benjamin Winkler, Falko Ziebert, Igor S. Aranson, John T. Fourkas, Wolfgang Losert
Summary: Asymmetric nanotopography can bias cell migration in a unidirectional manner, and this bias is dependent on cell velocity and geometric parameters of the nanotopography.
COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Brittany A. Wheatley, Ivan Rey-Suarez, Matt J. Hourwitz, Sarah Kerr, Hari Shroff, John T. Fourkas, Arpita Upadhyaya
Summary: The study showed that nanoridges can reduce the maximum spread area of cells compared to flat surfaces, while enhancing the accumulation of actin and signaling kinase ZAP-70 at the immune synapse. Actin polymerization is more dynamic in the presence of ridges, influencing the directionality of actin flows and microtubule growth.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Narayana R. Aluru, Fikret Aydin, Martin Z. Bazant, Daniel Blankschtein, Alexandra H. Brozena, J. Pedro de Souza, Menachem Elimelech, Samuel Faucher, John T. Fourkas, Volodymyr B. Koman, Matthias Kuehne, Heather J. Kulik, Hao-Kun Li, Yuhao Li, Zhongwu Li, Arun Majumdar, Joel Martis, Rahul Prasanna Misra, Aleksandr Noy, Tuan Anh Pham, Haoran Qu, Archith Rayabharam, Mark A. Reed, Cody L. Ritt, Eric Schwegler, Zuzanna Siwy, Michael S. Strano, YuHuang Wang, Yun-Chiao Yao, Cheng Zhan, Ze Zhang
Summary: Confined fluids and electrolyte solutions in nanopores exhibit rich and surprising physics and chemistry that impact the mass transport and energy efficiency in many important natural systems and industrial applications. Exploiting these effects presents myriad opportunities in both basic and applied research that stand to impact a host of new technologies. In this review article, the progress on nanofluidics of single-digit nanopores (SDNs) is summarized, with a focus on the confinement effects. The recent development of precision model systems, transformative experimental tools, and multiscale theories in this field are reviewed.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qixin Yang, Yuchuan Miao, Parijat Banerjee, Matt J. Hourwitz, Minxi Hu, Quan Qing, Pablo A. Iglesias, John T. Fourkas, Wolfgang Losert, Peter N. Devreotes
Summary: Cellular sensing of nanoridges is fundamentally different from sensing of other cues, as the cytoskeletal excitable network (CEN) is mainly active on nanoridges, while the signal-transduction excitable network (STEN) is constrained between nanoridges. The absence of STEN leads to the disappearance of waves, but long-lasting F-actin puncta are still present on the ridges. In contrast, suppressing CEN eliminates the constraint of wave propagation by nanoridges. These findings highlight the direct sensing of nanotopography by CEN and the indirect effect on STEN through a CEN-STEN feedback loop, explaining the robustness of texture sensing in complex in vivo microenvironments.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Savannah Silva, Siddharth Singh, Ethan Cao, John T. Fourkas, Zuzanna S. Siwy
Summary: The development of modern membranes for ionic separations and energy-storage devices relies on understanding ion distributions at solid interfaces. In this study, a model system of a polar, aprotic solvent at a silica interface was used to investigate how solvent structure influences the ionic distributions. It was found that the solvent exhibits a lipid-bilayer-like interfacial organization, which is dependent on the solvent chirality. The chirality of the solvent and salt concentration also have an impact on ionic and fluid transport. This research highlights the importance of considering solvent molecules in descriptions of solid-liquid interfaces.
FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Abhishek Kalpattu, Tristan Dilbeck, Kenneth Hanson, John T. Fourkas
Summary: Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is a promising process for energy-harvesting and light-generation technologies. We present a mass-conserving kinetic model for TTA-UC, which considers saturation in the data and proposes alternative figures of merit for overall performance.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lin Ma, Travis P. Pollard, Yong Zhang, Marshall A. Schroeder, Xiaoming Ren, Kee Sung Han, Michael S. Ding, Arthur V. Cresce, Terrill B. Atwater, Julian Mars, Longsheng Cao, Hans-Georg Steinru, Karl T. Mueller, Michael F. Toney, Matt Hourwitz, John T. Fourkas, Edward J. Maginn, Chunsheng Wang, Oleg Borodin, Kang Xu
Summary: This study demonstrates that adding an asymmetric alkylammonium cation, Me3EtN-TFSI, into a traditional aqueous electrolyte can improve the reversibility of zinc anodes. Performance improvements are attributed to the formation of interphasial chemistries, including ZnF2, ZnCO3, and fluoro-polymeric species, especially when combined with CO2. By tailoring the zinc interphase, the electrolyte exhibited excellent stability in full cells.
Meeting Abstract
Biophysics
Qixin Yang, Matt Hourwitz, Leonard Campanello, Peter N. Devreotes, John Fourkas, Wolfgang Losert
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
