ALLOPOLYPLOIDY IN NATURAL AND CULTIVATED POPULATIONS OF PORPHYRA (BANGIALES, RHODOPHYTA)

To confirm whether allopolyploidy occurs in samples of previously identified Porphyra yezoensis Ueda, P. tenera Kjellm., and P. yezoensis x P. tenera from natural and cultivated populations, we examined these samples by using PCR-RFLP and microsatellite analyses of multiple nuclear and chloroplast regions [nuclear regions: type II DNA topoisomerase gene (TOP2), actin-related protein 4 gene (ARP4), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and three microsatellite loci; chloroplast region: RUBISCO spacer]. Except for the ITS region, these multiple nuclear markers indicated that the wild strain MT-1 and the cultivated strain 90-02 (previously identified as P. yezoensis x P. tenera and cultivated P. tenera, respectively) are heterozygous and possess both genotypes of P. tenera and P. yezoensis in the conchocelis phase. Furthermore, gametophytic blades of two pure lines, HG-TY1 and HG-TY2 (F-1 strains of MT-1 and 90-02, respectively), were also heterozygous, and six chromosomes per single cell could be observed in each blade of the two pure lines. These results demonstrate that allopolyploidy occurs in Porphyra strains derived from both natural and cultivated populations, even though ITS genotypes of these strains showed homogenization toward one parental ITS.