Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chang-Zhen Ren, Zhao-Tang Wu, Wen Wang, Xing Tan, Ya-Hong Yang, Yang-Kai Wang, Miao-Ling Li, Wei-Zhong Wang
Summary: Activation or overexpression of SIRT1 in the RVLM reduces oxidative stress via SIRT1-FOXO1-SOD1 signaling pathway, exerting an anti-hypertensive effect in hypertension.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
George M. P. R. Souza, Ruth L. Stornetta, Daniel S. Stornetta, Patrice G. Guyenet, Stephen B. G. Abbott
Summary: This study found that C1 neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla play a key role in regulating sympathetic nerve activity during blood loss. Activation of C1 neurons contributes to maintaining blood pressure stability during compensated hemorrhage, while suppression of C1 neuron activity leads to cardiovascular collapse and hypotension during decompensated hemorrhage. Reactivation of C1 neurons can restore blood pressure to normal levels.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tzu-Ling Li, Yen-Hsien Lee, Feng-Hsu Wu, Ling-Ling Hwang
Summary: Orexin-A directly excites over half of DMH neurons, including those innervating the RVLM, through decreasing K+ conductance, activating NCX, and/or increasing NSCC.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Xing Tan, Pei-Lei Jiao, Jia-Cen Sun, Wen Wang, Peng Ye, Yang-Kai Wang, Yue-Qi Leng, Wei-Zhong Wang
Summary: The oxidative stress in the RVLM is associated with the overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension and heart failure, which may be linked to the decreased activation level of Nrf2. Overexpression of beta-arrestin1 can reduce ROS production and facilitate Nrf2 activation, exerting an antioxidative stress effect.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Bozena E. Fyk-Kolodziej, Patrick J. Mueller
Summary: A sedentary lifestyle is the top preventable cause of death and imposes substantial socioeconomic costs on society. The study found that in sedentary rats, there were lower levels of mature BDNF and its receptors, while active rats showed the opposite trend.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Shuai Zhang, Gaojun Chen, Xueping Wang, Lei Tong, Linping Wang, Tianfeng Liu, Liucun Zhu, Shumin Zhou, Haisheng Liu, Dongshu Du
Summary: This study investigated the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) in stress-induced hypertension (SIH). RNA sequencing revealed significantly decreased expression of lncRNA INPP5F in SIH rats. Overexpression of lncRNA INPP5F reduced blood pressure, sympathetic nerve activity, and neuronal excitability in SIH rats. Mechanistically, lncRNA INPP5F acted as a sponge of miR-335 to regulate the expression of Cttn. Overall, lncRNA INPP5F may serve as a therapeutic target for SIH.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuai Zhang, Xueping Wang, Gaojun Chen, Lei Tong, Tengteng Dai, Linping Wang, Liucun Zhu, Haili Zhang, Dongshu Du
Summary: It is believed that Rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) plays a major role in controlling the progression of stress-induced hypertension (SIH). This study identified circRNA Galntl6 as a novel factor that impedes SIH development and demonstrated its potential molecular mechanisms. The upregulation of circRNA Galntl6 effectively decreased blood pressure, sympathetic outflow, and neuronal excitability in SIH rats, possibly through direct interaction with miR-335 and Lig3.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
N. O. Maruyama, H. F. Estrela, E. B. Oliveira Sales, T. F. Lucas, C. S. Porto, C. T. Bergamaschi, R. R. Campos
Summary: In this study, the effects of 17β-estradiol on sympathetic vasomotor activity and blood pressure in a hypertensive rat model were investigated. The expression of estrogen receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) was also studied. The results showed that microinjection of 17β-estradiol into the RVLM led to a greater reduction in mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity in control rats compared to hypertensive rats. The expression levels of estrogen receptors GPER and ERα were significantly higher in the RVLM of hypertensive rats. Chronic treatment with losartan reduced the expression levels of estrogen receptors in hypertensive rats.
JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lei Tong, Mengyu Xing, Jiaxiang Wu, Shuai Zhang, Dechang Chu, Haili Zhang, Fuxue Chen, Dongshu Du
Summary: The study revealed that overexpression of NaV1.6 in the RVLM may impact the transport and transformation of glutamate in neurons and participate in stress-induced hypertension. Knocking down NaV1.6 expression led to reduced VGluT1 expression and increased GAD67 expression in the RVLM.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION
(2022)
Review
Biology
Xianhui Kang, Hongli Tang, Yao Liu, Yan Yuan, Mi Wang
Summary: Orexin is a neuropeptide primarily synthesized and secreted by the lateral hypothalamus, and plays important roles in various physiological functions such as cardiovascular control, reproduction, stress, reward, addiction, and pain transmission modulation. Both domestic and international studies have confirmed the close association between orexin and its receptors with pain regulation.
OPEN LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Patrice G. Guyenet, Ruth L. Stornetta
Summary: The rostral half of the ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and adjacent ventrolateral retropontine region (RVLMRP) play important roles in respiratory and autonomic regulations. RVLMRP regulates various physiological processes including respiration, blood pressure, glycemia, vigilance, and inflammation, with the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) serving as the main central respiratory chemoreceptor. The RVLM influences autonomic response patterns through the recruitment of different types of adrenergic and non-adrenergic neurons that innervate sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons.
AUTONOMIC NEUROSCIENCE-BASIC & CLINICAL
(2022)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Lei Tong, Gaojun Chen, Tianfeng Liu, Linping Wang, Haili Zhang, Fuxue Chen, Shuai Zhang, Dongshu Du
Summary: The lack of IFN-y impairs microglial engulfment of synapses in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), leading to increased synaptic density and neuronal excitability, thereby contributing to the progression of stress-induced hypertension (SIH). Targeting IFN-y may be a potential strategy to combat SIH.
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Jie-Fu Fan, Wen Wang, Xing Tan, Peng Ye, Ji-Kui Li, Lu-Yu Niu, Wan-Yang Li, Wei-Zhong Wang, Yang-Kai Wang
Summary: The study found that overexpression of COX2 enhances tonic glutamatergic inputs to the RVLM, which is associated with cardiovascular regulation in hypertension.
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuai Zhang, Mengyu Xing, Gaojun Chen, Lei Tong, Haili Zhang, Dongshu Du
Summary: The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is a key vasomotor center involved in the development of stress-induced hypertension (SIH). MicroRNAs miR-335 and miR-674-3p act as promoters of SIH by regulating Sphk1 expression and neural apoptosis.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jonathan Trevorrow Clark, Anindya Ganguly, Jadrian Ejercito, Matthew Luy, Anupama Dahanukar, Anandasankar Ray
Summary: Basic volatiles like ammonia have an inhibitory effect on olfactory and gustatory receptor neurons in fruit flies and mosquitoes, preventing them from firing action potentials to their ligands. This inhibition is accompanied by an increase in calcium in antennal cells. The concentration at which these neurons are inhibited also reduces the response to attractive ligands and attraction to human skin odor. These findings have implications for insect control.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu-Hsien Chou, Chia Chun Hor, Ming Tatt Lee, Hsin-Jung Lee, Remo Guerrini, Girolamo Calo, Lih-Chu Chiou
Summary: The study reveals that NPS released during stress activates orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, leading to the release of orexins in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and reinstating cocaine seeking behavior through an endocannabinoid/CB(1) receptor-mediated signaling pathway.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ming Tatt Lee, Yi-Hung Chen, Ken Mackie, Lih-Chu Chiou
Summary: Median nerve electrostimulation at the PC6 acupoint induces analgesia in morphine-tolerant mice with neuropathic pain, mediated by orexin-1 and cannabinoid-1 receptors. This treatment is more effective than repeated morphine treatments, without developing tolerance.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tzu-Ling Li, Yen-Hsien Lee, Feng-Hsu Wu, Ling-Ling Hwang
Summary: Orexin-A directly excites over half of DMH neurons, including those innervating the RVLM, through decreasing K+ conductance, activating NCX, and/or increasing NSCC.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shu-Ling Liang, Yong-Sheng Tong, Ling-Ling Hwang, Ying-Zu Huang, Chih-Yen Chen
Summary: The study found that CARTp may mediate anorectic actions by directly affecting the excitability of cecum-projecting DMV neurons and, to a lesser extent, that of antrum-projecting DMV neurons by acting on receptors of these neurons.
NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ming Tatt Lee, Ken Mackie, Lih-Chu Chiou
Summary: This review explores the potential and contributions of activating the endocannabinoid system and peripheral neuromodulation in opioid tolerance.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu-Hsin Chen, Yen-Chou Chen, Ling-Ling Hwang, Liang-Yo Yang, Dah-Yuu Lu
Summary: The study suggests that androgen receptors play a crucial role in traumatic brain injury by mediating neuroprotective effects, regulating necrosis and autophagy, and impacting motor function and brain lesions.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Werner Sieghart, Lih-Chu Chiou, Margot Ernst, Jure Fabjan, Miroslav M. Savic, Ming Tatt Lee
Summary: GABA(A) receptors containing the alpha 6 subunit play a crucial role in the functions of the cerebellum and the nervous system. Selective modulation of these receptors offers therapeutic prospects for various neuropsychiatric disorders and stress-related conditions.
PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ming Tatt Lee, Akihiro Mouri, Hisayoshi Kubota, Hsin-Jung Lee, Man-Hsin Chang, Chen-Yi Wu, Daniel E. Knutson, Marko Mihovilovic, James Cook, Werner Sieghart, Toshitaka Nabeshima, Lih-Chu Chiou
Summary: GABAA receptors containing alpha 6 subunits are implicated in schizophrenia. Selective positive allosteric modulators of alpha 6GABA(A)Rs can rescue various symptoms related to schizophrenia in animal models, including disrupted prepulse inhibition, hyperlocomotion, social withdrawal, and cognitive impairment.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Po -Yu Chen, Chin-Kuo Chang, Chun-Hsin Chen, Su-Chen Fang, Valeria Mondelli, Chih-Chiang Chiu, Mong-Liang Lu, Ling-Ling Hwang, Ming-Chyi Huang
Summary: This study compared the levels of orexin-A and metabolic profiles in drug-free patients, aripiprazole-treated patients, and clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia. The results showed that patients under antipsychotic drug treatment had increased orexin-A levels compared to drug-free patients, with the aripiprazole-treated group having higher orexin-A levels than the clozapine-treated group. Higher orexin-A levels were associated with reduced risks of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Even after adjusting for the effects of metabolic problems, antipsychotic drug treatment was still associated with orexin-A regulation, with aripiprazole having a more significant effect than clozapine. This suggests that antipsychotic drugs have an independent effect on orexin-A levels, and the effect may vary depending on the drug's obesogenicity.
JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Chih-Yi Chiang, Yueh-Peng Chen, Hung-Ruei Tzeng, Man-Hsin Chang, Lih-Chu Chiou, Yu-Cheng Pei
Summary: Pain assessment is crucial for pain research. We developed a deep learning model, DeepMGS, which automatically assesses mouse face images, predicts pain action unit scores and total scores, and determines the presence of pain. DeepMGS demonstrated excellent performance, accurately identifying MGS action units and strongly correlating with experienced human scorers.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Shih-Ya Hung, Hsin-Yi Chung, Sih-Ting Luo, Yu-Ting Chu, Yu-Hsin Chen, Iona J. MacDonald, Szu-Yu Chien, Peddanna Kotha, Liang-Yo Yang, Ling-Ling Hwang, Nae J. Dun, De-Maw Chuang, Yi-Hung Chen
Summary: The study showed that acupuncture can reverse behavioral dysfunction caused by TBI, reduce the overexpression of HDAC1 and HDAC3, repair the downregulation of BDNF-associated signaling pathways, and help restore biochemical effects in the cortex of TBI mice.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ya-Hsien Huang, Ming Tatt Lee, Han-Yun Hsueh, Daniel E. Knutson, James Cook, Marko D. Mihovilovic, Werner Sieghart, Lih-Chu Chiou
Summary: Ethanol has been shown to suppress essential tremor (ET) in patients at low-to-moderate doses, but its mechanism(s) of action remain unknown. One potential mechanism is the positive allosteric modulation of alpha 6GABA(A)Rs by ethanol, which may attenuate tremor activity.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jung-Chieh Du, Man-Hsin Chang, Chen-Jiun Yeh, Ming Tatt Lee, Hsin-Jung Lee, Shu-Hui Chuang, Lih-Chu Chiou
Summary: The SLITRK1 gene mutation and loss of striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) are associated with Tourette syndrome (TS). In a mouse model, Slitrk1-KD mice exhibited TS-like tic behaviors, impaired prepulse inhibition, and delayed sensorimotor response. These characteristics were correlated with lower levels of striatal Slitrk1 protein, fewer Slitrk1-containing ChIs, and fewer activated ChIs in Slitrk1-KD mice.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Yu-Hsin Chen, Yen-Chou Chen, Yu-Tang Chin, Ching-Chiung Wang, Ling-Ling Hwang, Liang-Yo Yang, Dah-Yuu Lu
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health issue that affects at least 10 million people per year. 2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside (THSG), a compound extracted from the Chinese herb Polygonum multiflorum, has been shown to have protective effects on TBI, reducing injury severity score, promoting motor coordination, improving cognitive performance, and inhibiting apoptosis while promoting neurogenesis.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hung-Ruei Tzeng, Ming Tatt Lee, Pi-Chuan Fan, Daniel E. Knutson, Tzu-Hsuan Lai, Werner Sieghart, James Cook, Lih-Chu Chiou
Summary: This study established a mouse model mimicking migraine by repeated injections of nitroglycerin, showing that decreased GAD65 expression may contribute to trigeminovascular activation. The unaltered alpha 6GABA(A)Rs in the trigeminal ganglia could be potential targets for migraine treatment.