Cleavage of an RNA Model Catalyzed by Dinuclear Zn(II) Complexes Containing Rate-Accelerating Pendants. Comparison of the Catalytic Benefits of H-Bonding and Hydrophobic Substituents

The transesterification of a simple RNA model, 2-hydroxypropyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate (2, HpNPP) promoted by seven dinuclear Zn(II) catalysts (3,4,5,6,7,8,9:Zn(II)(2):(-OCH3)) based on the bis[bis(2-substituted-pyridinyl-6-methyl)]amine ligand system was investigated in methanol under (s)(s)pH-controlled conditions at 25.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C. The two metal complexing ligands were joined together via the amino N connected to a m-xylyl linker (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) where the 2-pyridinyl substituent = H, CH3, (CH)(4), NH2, and NH(C=O)CH3, respectively, and a propyl linker (8,9) where the ring substituent = H and CH3. All of the dinuclear complexes except 8:Zn(II)(2) exhibit saturation kinetics for the k(obs) versus [catalyst] plots from which one can determine catalyst:substrate binding constants (K-M), the catalytic rate constants for their decomposition (k(cat)), and the second order catalytic rate constants (k(2)(cat) = k(cat)/K-M). In the case of 8: Zn(II)(2), the plots of k(obs) versus [catalyst] as a function of (s)(s)pH are linear, and the catalytic rate constants (k(2)(cat)) are defined as the gradients of the plots. Analysis of all of the data at the (s)(s)pH optimum for each reaction indicates that the presence of the amino and acetamido H-bonding groups and the CH3 group provides similar increases of the k(cat) terms of 25-50 times that exhibited by the parent complex 3:Zn(II)(2). However, in terms of substrate catalyst binding (K-M), there is no clear trend that H-bonding groups or the CH3 group provides stronger binding than the parent complex. In terms of the overall second order catalytic rate constant, the CH3, amino, and NH(C=O)CH3 groups provide 20, 10, and 68 times the k(2)(cat) observed for the parent complex. In the case of 9:Zn(II)(2), the presence of the methyl groups provides a 1000-fold increase in activity (judged by k(2)(cat)) over the parent complex 8:Zn(II)(2). The results are interpreted to indicate that H-bonding effects may be important for catalysis and less so for substrate binding, but the steric effect and impact on the local polarity provided by a methyl substituent is just as effective and in fact may form part of the acceleratory effect attributed to H-bonding in related systems.