Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julie C. Martin, Mamaru Ayenew Awoke, Marie L. Misso, Lisa J. Moran, Cheryce L. Harrison
Summary: This review evaluated weight gain prevention trials in adults aged 18-50 and found that interventions can prevent weight gain in non-obese adults, with prescriptive interventions showing greater effectiveness. The impact was greatest in healthy weight and overweight populations compared to obese individuals. Future research is needed to assess cost-effectiveness and implementation feasibility.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Leigh Ramsey Buchanan, Holly R. Wethington, Ramona K. C. Finnie, Shawna L. Mercer, Caitlin Merlo, Shannon Michael, Sarah Sliwa, Charlotte A. Pratt, Emmeline Ochiai
Summary: Schools can support healthy lifestyles by offering nutritious foods, promoting physical activity, and reducing the risk of obesity. This study found that interventions combining school meal or snack programs with physical activity were effective in increasing physical activity and improving fruit and vegetable intake among elementary school students. These findings provide important information for researchers and school administrators regarding healthy eating and physical activity interventions.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sevag Hamamah, Arman Amin, Abdul Latif Al-Kassir, Judith Chuang, Mihai Covasa
Summary: Obesity is a complex disease that is becoming more prevalent worldwide. Recent research suggests that changes in gut microbiota, influenced by the consumption of dietary fats, play a key role in the development of obesity. These alterations in gut microbiota can affect important satiation signals, leading to hyperphagia and obesity. This review discusses the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences satiation signals, the effects of dietary interventions on gut microbiota and satiety signals, and microbiota optimizing therapies to combat obesity.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Anayansi Escalante-Aburto, Mayra Yesenia Mendoza-Cordova, Gail B. Mahady, Diego A. Luna-Vital, Janet A. Gutierrez-Uribe, Cristina Chuck-Hernandez
Summary: This review examines the precise effects of anthocyanin compounds on metabolic health in the past five years. The findings suggest that anthocyanin consumption can significantly reduce body weight, fat mass, triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin resistance, and inflammation biomarkers. However, more studies on human subjects with obesity are needed to confirm the beneficial effects of anthocyanins, and food policies and nutritional advice regulations should be discussed to promote anthocyanin ingestion as a therapeutic effect against obesity.
TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Laila Baratali, Marie Mean, Pedro Marques-Vidal
Summary: In a Swiss population-based cohort study, it was found that obesity markers were positively associated with unhealthy dietary patterns and genetic risk scores (GRS), and negatively associated with healthy dietary scores and patterns. However, only dietary intake, not genetic background, was found to be associated with waist circumference in middle-aged subjects living in Lausanne, Switzerland.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stefanie N. Hinkle, Sunni L. Mumford, Katherine L. Grantz, Pauline Mendola, James L. Mills, Edwina H. Yeung, Anna Z. Pollack, Sonia M. Grandi, Rajeshwari Sundaram, Yan Qiao, Enrique F. Schisterman, Cuilin Zhang
Summary: Gestational weight change is associated with mortality over 50 years later, with sustained excessive or reduced weight being associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and diabetes-related deaths.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiajin Hu, Meihui Li, Chuang Li, Shaowei Yin, Lin Tao, Lin Li, Ningyu Wan, Yilin Liu, Borui Liu, Lu Zheng, Xiaochuan Wang, Zhe Yang, Yanan Ma, Chong Qiao, Deliang Wen, Caixia Liu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth (PTB). It found that adherence to different dietary patterns during different trimesters was associated with varying risks of PTB. Specifically, following a fish-seafood pattern during the first trimester increased the risk of PTB and iatrogenic preterm birth, while following the same pattern during the second trimester decreased the risk of PTB. Additionally, adherence to a dairy-egg pattern during the second or third trimester increased the risks of PTB and iatrogenic preterm birth.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Manuela Spurny, Yixin Jiang, Solomon A. Sowah, Tobias Nonnenmacher, Ruth Schuebel, Romy Kirsten, Theron Johnson, Oyunbileg von Stackelberg, Cornelia M. Ulrich, Rudolf Kaaks, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Tilman Kuehn, Johanna Nattenmueller
Summary: This study investigated the effects of dietary weight loss on kidney fat content and its connection to kidney function and metabolism. The results showed that kidney sinus fat (KSF) significantly decreased during weight loss, while cortex fat (KCF) remained unchanged. KSF was correlated with visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, and liver fat, suggesting that KSF may be the metabolic relevant ectopic fat depot of the kidney.
Article
Cell Biology
Tingting Song, Wusa Qin, Zeliang Lai, Haoyu Li, Daihan Li, Baojia Wang, Wuquan Deng, Tingzhang Wang, Liming Wang, Rui Huang
Summary: In this study, the researchers found that a protein-rich diet reduced body fat storage in fruit flies by increasing the production of the neuropeptide FMRFamide. The enhanced FMRFamide activity led to increased energy expenditure, decreased food intake, and promoted lipolysis. The researchers also demonstrated that the dietary cysteine worked in a similar way in mice via neuropeptide FF signaling. Additionally, the administration of dietary cysteine or FMRFa/NPFF showed protective effects against metabolic stress without causing behavioral abnormalities.
Article
Neurosciences
Brandon M. Chelette, Ashley M. Loeven, Destinee N. Gatlin, Daniel R. Landi Conde, Carley M. Huffstetler, Meizhu Qi, Debra Ann Fadool
Summary: Excess nutrition can lead to loss of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in mice without necessarily increasing fat storage. A diet high in fat can result in the loss of OSNs and associated axonal projections in mice, regardless of the amount of adipocyte storage.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Valerie L. Darcey, Juen Guo, Amber B. Courville, Isabelle Gallagher, Jason A. Avery, W. Kyle Simmons, John E. Ingeholm, Peter Herscovitch, Alex Martin, Kevin D. Hall
Summary: This study found that reducing dietary fat, but not carbohydrates, decreased dopamine D2/3 receptor binding potential and neural activity in brain-reward regions, resulting in a shift towards high-fat high-carbohydrate food choices. These results suggest that dietary fat restriction may increase dopamine levels in reward regions, affecting diet adherence.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Christine C. Call, Laura D'Adamo, Meghan L. Butryn, Eric Stice
Summary: Weight suppression (WS) interacts with baseline BMI to predict greater weight gain over 24 months, with high WS and lower baseline BMI individuals gaining weight most rapidly. However, WS does not predict changes in eating disorder symptoms and does not moderate the effects of prevention programs.
BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hye-Jin Lee, Bo-Yeong Jin, Mi-Rae Park, Nam Hoon Kim, Kwan Sik Seo, Yong Taek Jeong, Tsutomu Wada, Jun-Seok Lee, Sang-Hyun Choi, Dong-Hoon Kim
Summary: This study investigated the role of modulation of the WAT vasculature in regulating RWG after CR and found that it can attenuate RWG by suppressing hyperphagia and increasing BAT thermogenesis and WAT browning.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yingkai Yang, Junjie Wang, Jiang Qiu, Tingyong Feng, Qinghua He, Xu Lei, Hong Chen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether baseline gray matter (GM) volume and structural covariance patterns could be used to predict body fat gain over a 1 to 2 year period in a relatively large sample. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis revealed a significant positive association between baseline GM volume in the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) and body fat gain. Furthermore, participants with higher future body fat gain showed increased structural covariances between pgACC and the middle frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and cerebellum compared to those with lower future body fat gain.
Article
Pediatrics
Jole Costanza, Margherita Camanni, Maria Maddalena Ferrari, Valentina De Cosmi, Silvia Tabano, Laura Fontana, Tatjana Radaelli, Giulia Privitera, Daniela Alberico, Patrizia Colapietro, Silvia Motta, Silvia Sirchia, Tamara Stampalija, Chiara Tabasso, Paola Roggero, Fabio Parazzini, Fabio Mosca, Enrico Ferrazzi, Silvano Bosari, Monica Miozzo, Carlo Agostoni
Summary: In a study of 503 women with uncomplicated pregnancies, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and placental weight were found to be independently correlated with neonatal birth weight. However, maternal nutrition during pregnancy was not found to be associated with birth weight.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ehud Rinott, Ilan Youngster, Anat Yaskolka Meir, Gal Tsaban, Hila Zelicha, Alon Kaplan, Dan Knights, Kieran Tuohy, Francesca Fava, Matthias Uwe Scholz, Oren Ziv, Elad Reuven, Amir Tirosh, Assaf Rudich, Matthias Blueher, Michael Stumvoll, Uta Ceglarek, Karine Clement, Omry Koren, Dong D. Wang, Frank B. Hu, Meir J. Stampfer, Iris Shai
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of diet-modulated autologous fecal microbiota transplantation (aFMT) for treatment of weight regain after the weight-loss phase. The results showed that in the green-Mediterranean diet group, aFMT significantly reduced weight regain and waist circumference gain, improved insulin rebound, and induced significant changes in gut microbiome composition. The green-Mediterranean diet also preserved weight-loss-associated specific bacteria and microbial metabolic pathways after the aFMT procedure.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Di Wang, Liang Sun, Xiaoran Liu, Zhenhua Niu, Shuangshuang Chen, Lixin Tang, He Zheng, Xiafei Chen, Huaixing Li, Ling Lu, Vasanti Malik, Xu Lin
Summary: In this study, substituting peanuts for white rice as snacks did not significantly alter glycemic or lipid parameters, but improved overall MetS risk without causing weight gain among Chinese adults at high risk of cardiometabolic diseases. The peanut group had a significantly higher rate of MetS reversion compared to the control group after the 12-week trial. Further large-scale trials are needed to confirm these findings and explore the underlying biological mechanisms.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Dong D. Wang, Yanping Li, Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju, Bernard A. Rosner, Qi Sun, Edward L. Giovannucci, Eric B. Rimm, JoAnn E. Manson, Walter C. Willett, Meir J. Stampfer, Frank B. Hu
Summary: The study found that consuming approximately 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day was associated with lower total mortality and mortality from cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease. Higher intake beyond this level did not provide additional risk reduction.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dong D. Wang, Long H. Nguyen, Yanping Li, Yan Yan, Wenjie Ma, Ehud Rinott, Kerry L. Ivey, Iris Shai, Walter C. Willett, Frank B. Hu, Eric B. Rimm, Meir J. Stampfer, Andrew T. Chan, Curtis Huttenhower
Summary: The study shows that a healthy Mediterranean-style diet is linked to specific functional and taxonomic components of the gut microbiome, and its protective effects on cardiometabolic health depend on microbial composition. In particular, the protective association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cardiometabolic disease risk is significantly stronger among participants with decreased abundance of Prevotella copri.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jun Li, Yanping Li, Kerry L. Ivey, Dong D. Wang, Jeremy E. Wilkinson, Adrian Franke, Kyu Ha Lee, Andrew Chan, Curtis Huttenhower, Frank B. Hu, Eric B. Rimm, Qi Sun
Summary: This study found that high intake of red meat and choline was significantly associated with TMAO concentrations, especially among participants identified as microbial TMAO-producers. Alistipes shahii strengthened the positive association between red meat intake and HbA1c levels. The results underscore the interaction between diet and gut microbiome in producing potentially bioactive metabolites that may modulate cardiometabolic health.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yanping Li, Dong D. Wang, Ambika Satija, Kerry L. Ivey, Jun Li, Jeremy E. Wilkinson, Ruifeng Li, Megu Baden, Andrew T. Chan, Curtis Huttenhower, Eric B. Rimm, Frank B. Hu, Qi Sun
Summary: The study found that older men adhering to a healthy plant-based diet were associated with specific microbial species and metabolic pathways, and their inverse association with human metabolic risk partially depended on microbial compositions.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xiaoran Liu, Marta Guasch-Ferre, Deirdre K. Tobias, Yanping Li
Summary: Consumption of walnuts is associated with improved life expectancy and reduced mortality risk, with those consuming more than 5 servings per week experiencing greater benefits.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Wenjie Ma, Long H. Nguyen, Mingyang Song, Dong D. Wang, Eric A. Franzosa, Yin Cao, Amit Joshi, David A. Drew, Raaj Mehta, Kerry L. Ivey, Lisa L. Strate, Edward L. Giovannucci, Jacques Izard, Wendy Garrett, Eric B. Rimm, Curtis Huttenhower, Andrew T. Chan
Summary: A higher intake of dietary fiber is associated with a decreased risk of chronic inflammatory diseases by altering gut microbiome composition and mitigating systemic inflammation. Specific gut microbial configurations correspond with higher levels of C-reactive protein.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Danielle E. Haslam, Liming Liang, Dong D. Wang, Rachel S. Kelly, Clemens Wittenbecher, Cynthia M. Perez, Marijulie Martinez, Chih-Hao Lee, Clary B. Clish, David T. W. Wong, Laurence D. Parnell, Chao-Qiang Lai, Jose M. Ordovas, JoAnn E. Manson, Frank B. Hu, Meir J. Stampfer, Katherine L. Tucker, Kaumudi J. Joshipura, Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju
Summary: In this study, network analysis was used to identify clusters of coregulated metabolites associated with prevalent type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Puerto Rican adults. The results revealed several known and novel metabolite clusters that were significantly associated with T2D in the study cohorts. Meta-analysis showed consistent associations between specific metabolite clusters and prevalent T2D, highlighting the potential importance of these metabolic pathways in the development of the disease.
BMJ OPEN DIABETES RESEARCH & CARE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dong D. Wang, Qibin Qi, Zheng Wang, Mykhaylo Usyk, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Josiemer Mattei, Martha Tamez, Marc D. Gellman, Martha Daviglus, Frank B. Hu, Meir J. Stampfer, Curtis Huttenhower, Rob Knight, Robert D. Burk, Robert C. Kaplan
Summary: This study reveals that adherence to the Mediterranean diet can affect gut microbiome composition and functions. The association between the Mediterranean diet and diabetes prevalence varies depending on individual gut microbial composition.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Xiaoran Liu, Scott Harding, Todd C. Rideout
Summary: This review summarizes the effects of saturated fat (SFA) intake on individual metabolism and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The individual response to SFA intake is influenced by factors such as age, sex, and adiposity status, while the metabolic effects of SFA intake are influenced by the specific types of SFAs and the food matrix. When examining the effects of SFA on CVD risk, comparison with other nutrients is important, and a better understanding of the factors mediating the effects of SFA on lipid metabolism and CVD risk can help provide more personalized dietary recommendations.
CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xiaoran Liu, Klodian Dhana, Lisa L. Barnes, Christy C. Tangney, Puja Agarwal, Neelum Aggarwal, Thomas M. Holland, Todd Beck, Denis A. Evans, Kumar B. Rajan
Summary: Among African American adults, a healthy plant-based diet is associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Matthew J. J. Belanger, LaraC C. Kovell, Ruth-Alma Turkson-Ocran, Kenneth J. J. Mukamal, Xiaoran Liu, Lawrence J. J. Appel, Edgar R. R. Miller, Frank M. M. Sacks, Robert H. H. Christenson, Heather Rebuck, Alex R. R. Chang, Stephen P. P. Juraschek
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the time course of change in biomarkers of cardiac injury, cardiac strain, and inflammation while consuming the DASH diet. The results showed that the DASH diet progressively reduced levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and hs-CRP over 12 weeks, indicating cumulative benefits on biomarkers of subclinical cardiac injury and inflammation.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Hui Chen, Jie Shen, Jiaqi Xuan, Anna Zhu, John S. Ji, Xiaoran Liu, Yaying Cao, Geng Zong, Yi Zeng, Xiaoxi Wang, Changzheng Yuan
Summary: This study explored the relationship between plant-based dietary patterns and mortality and found that overall and healthful plant-based dietary patterns can reduce the risk of all-cause mortality, while unhealthy plant-based dietary patterns can increase the risk. Fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, legumes, garlic, nuts, and tea were identified as the main protective contributors, while preserved vegetables and sugar were associated with a higher risk of mortality.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xiaoran Liu, Klodian Dhana, Jeremy D. Furtado, Puja Agarwal, Neelum T. Aggarwal, Christy Tangney, Nancy Laranjo, Vincent Carey, Lisa L. Barnes, Frank M. Sacks
Summary: This study suggests that higher levels of alpha-carotene in the blood are associated with higher global cognition scores in a US population at risk for cognitive decline. The higher alpha-carotene levels in the blood reflect greater intakes of fruits and other types of vegetables, and lower intakes of butter, margarine, and meat. Higher circulating levels of lutein and zeaxanthin reflect a dietary pattern with high intakes of fruits, green leafy vegetables, and cheese, and low consumption of fried foods. Objective nutrient markers in the blood may help in implementing tailored dietary interventions for the prevention of cognitive decline.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE
(2021)