Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Victoria Anthony Uyanga, Felix Kwame Amevor, Min Liu, Zhifu Cui, Xiaoling Zhao, Hai Lin
Summary: The text highlights the importance of gut health in animal welfare and wellbeing, as well as the role of dietary supplements such as citrulline and quercetin in promoting gut functions and homeostasis. These bioactive substances can influence gut health through anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
Review
Microbiology
Kalysbek Kydyshov, Nurbolot Usenbaev, Almaz Sharshenbekov, Narynbek Aitkuluev, Murat Abdyraev, Salamat Chegirov, Jarkynay Kazybaeva, Hanka Brangsch, Falk Melzer, Heinrich Neubauer, Mathias W. Pletz
Summary: Brucellosis is still a challenge in developing countries like Kyrgyzstan, but the introduction of mass vaccination has contributed to its control.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Caglar Berkel, Ercan Cacan
Summary: Pyroptosis is a form of lytic cell death characterized by inflammation, which is induced by specific inflammatory caspases and inflammasome complexes such as NLRP3 inflammasome. Gasdermins play a role in pyroptosis by forming cell membrane pores and releasing inflammatory cytokines, causing damage to the cell membrane. Recent studies have shown that various pollutants can induce pyroptotic cell death in different tissues. This review focuses on the current understanding of pollutant-induced pyroptosis and the upstream events leading to pyroptotic cell death upon exposure to pollutants.
Review
Microbiology
Eric R. Morgan, David Modry, Claudia Paredes-Esquivel, Pilar Foronda, Donato Traversa
Summary: This review highlights the spread of Angiostrongylus vasorum and establishment of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Europe, emphasizing the increasing relevance of these species to veterinary and medical practitioners. Other members of the genus pose potential risks to wildlife and domestic animals, with further research needed on parasite maintenance and disease emergence. Improved surveillance in animals and humans is also essential for risk assessments and management.
Review
Toxicology
Yu Sun, Jun Jiang, Peiqiang Mu, Ruqin Lin, Jikai Wen, Yiqun Deng
Summary: This review summarizes the toxicokinetics and metabolism of deoxynivalenol (DON) in animals and humans. Different animals show varying levels of sensitivity to DON, with pigs and humans being the most sensitive. The toxicokinetics of DON differ among species, with pigs and humans having similar absorption rates, bioavailability, and clearance time. Mice and rats have similar toxicokinetics, while poultry is the least sensitive due to their fast absorption rate and detoxification capabilities. Studies on toxicokinetics provide valuable information for risk assessment and control of DON contamination.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrei Bita, Ion Romulus Scorei, Tudor Adrian Balseanu, Maria Viorica Ciocilteu, Cornelia Bejenaru, Antonia Radu, Ludovic Everard Bejenaru, Gabriela Rau, George Dan Mogosanu, Johny Neamtu, Steven A. Benner
Summary: Boron is an essential element for the origin and evolution of life, as well as for the biological functions of humans and animals. Compounds containing naturally organic boron play a crucial role in symbiotic relationships between different organisms. Understanding the mechanism of action and targets of these compounds in the symbiosis between microbiota and human/animal hosts will have implications for the use of colon-targeting nutraceuticals.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Adrian W. Gilmore, Alina Quach, Sarah E. Kalinowski, Stephen J. Gotts, Daniel L. Schacter, Alex Martin
Summary: Humans can vividly recall and re-experience events from their past, known as episodic or autobiographical memories. fMRI experiments associate autobiographical event recall with activity in default brain regions. Recent study shows that sustained effects during autobiographical recall primarily involve default network regions, while neural activity associated with recalling specific details is transient and broadly distributed across category-selective cortex.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Gabriela Gonzalez-Espinoza, Vilma Arce-Gorvel, Sylvie Memet, Jean-Pierre Gorvel
Summary: Brucella is an intracellular bacterium that has developed strategies to evade immune recognition and survive and replicate within host cells. It predominantly resides in phagocytes and trophoblasts, where it establishes a replicative niche in the endoplasmic reticulum. This allows Brucella to generate reservoirs, disseminate to other organs, and potentially lead to chronic infections or persistence in asymptomatic hosts.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sophie Tieu, Armen Charchoglyan, Lauryn Paulsen, Lauri C. Wagter-Lesperance, Umesh K. Shandilya, Byram W. Bridle, Bonnie A. Mallard, Niel A. Karrow
Summary: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a therapeutic drug with multiple beneficial effects for treating various diseases. It possesses antioxidant, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and mucolytic properties. However, clinical trials have limitations and conflicting results regarding its effectiveness.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Daria Skwarzynska, Huayu Sun, Izabela Kasprzak, Supriya Sharma, John Williamson, Jaideep Kapur
Summary: This study demonstrates the role of glycolytic lactate production in sustaining status epilepticus (SE). Inhibition of lactate production can terminate SE and reduce neuronal death, making it a potential therapeutic target.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Per Ola Darnerud, Ake Bergman
Summary: Even though chlorinated paraffins (CPs) have been discussed as an emerging issue recently, our understanding of their chemical fate in organisms is still incomplete. This review critically compiles existing knowledge on the ADME of CPs in biota and identifies research needs. CPs are effectively absorbed from the GI tract and possibly from the lungs, and are transported to various organs. They are metabolized in the liver and excreted mainly via bile and feces. However, the metabolic transformations of CPs are poorly studied and no complete metabolic scheme has been proposed.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Jagoda Kepinska-Pacelik, Wioletta Biel
Summary: Mycotoxins, as secondary metabolites of fungi, can be found in various foods consumed by humans and animals. These substances are resistant to technological processes and most often contaminate products of animal and plant origin. Approximately 25% of the world's harvest may be contaminated with mycotoxins.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Riti Thapar Kapoor, Manar Fawzi Bani Mfarrej, Pravej Alam, Joerg Rinklebe, Parvaiz Ahmad
Summary: Untreated industrial effluents pose adverse effects on human health, environment, and socio-economic aspects. Environmental pollution caused by chromium negatively impacts natural resources and ecosystems. Chromium, a hazardous carcinogenic element released from spontaneous activities and industrial procedures, displays toxicity, mobility, and bioavailability depending on its speciation. Trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] exists as an immobile, less soluble species under reducing conditions, whereas hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is mobile, toxic, and bioavailable under oxidizing conditions. Hexavalent chromium, compared to its trivalent form, is more pernicious. It hinders crop growth, reduces total yield, and affects grain quality. Even at low concentrations, exposure to chromium enhances its accumulation in human and animal cells, leading to detrimental health effects. Various techniques have been used to eliminate chromium pollution, yet selecting a green and cost-efficient technology for treating industrial effluents remains challenging. This review highlights the problems associated with chromium pollution and emphasizes the urgent need for its immediate elimination through suitable remediation strategies. Further investigations are required to fill the existing gaps and overcome the challenges associated with chromium contamination, implementing sustainable remediation strategies with real-time applicability on contaminated sites.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Brent R. Dixon
Summary: Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite that infects the upper intestinal tract of humans and animals worldwide. Transmission occurs through the fecal-oral route and can lead to a wide range of gastrointestinal symptoms. Diagnosis is typically made by detecting cysts in stool samples, and treatment aims to reduce symptoms, prevent complications, and minimize transmission.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
James M. Hassell, Dishon M. Muloi, Kimberly L. VanderWaal, Melissa J. Ward, Judy Bettridge, Nduhiu Gitahi, Tom Ouko, Titus Imboma, James Akoko, Maurice Karani, Patrick Muinde, Yukiko Nakamura, Lorren Alumasa, Erin Furmaga, Titus Kaitho, Fredrick Amanya, Allan Ogendo, Francesco Fava, Bryan A. Wee, Hang Phan, John Kiiru, Erastus Kang'ethe, Sam Kariuki, Timothy Robinson, Michael Begon, Mark E. J. Woolhouse, Eric M. Fevre
Summary: Urbanization is a key factor in the emergence of diseases transmitted by animals to humans. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs are not well understood. A study in Nairobi, Kenya, showed that low biodiversity, livestock management practices, and densely populated urban environments are associated with the sharing of bacterial genes between animals and humans, providing empirical support for the hypotheses about cross-species transmission of pathogens in urban areas.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
