Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Brienna M. Larrick, Johanna T. Dwyer, John W. Erdman, Richard F. D'Aloisio, Wendelyn Jones
Summary: The food and beverage industry plays a critical role in advancing food and nutrition science, but industry-funded research is often scrutinized for biases related to funding sources. To address this, the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences has updated its Guiding Principles for Funding Food Science and Nutrition Research to minimize bias and promote integrity. The updated principles provide guidelines for managing conflicts and ensuring transparency in industry-funded research.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hyunha Shin, Keungoui Kim, Dieter F. Kogler
Summary: This study used Web of Science publication data from European regions between 2008 and 2017 to investigate the impact of scientific collaboration on research novelty. The findings suggest a negative relationship between collaboration and novelty, as well as a significant moderating effect of funding on this relationship.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Siddhartha Roy, Marc A. Edwards
Summary: This study anonymously surveyed 244 recipients of the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships in the US and found increased concern about perverse incentives, performance metrics, and hyper-competition in academia. The fellows ranked scientific advancement as the top metric for evaluating academics and expressed a high rate of academic cheating and research misconduct. Many felt unprepared for dealing with ethical issues and viewed pressures for funding and publication as negative aspects of academia.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ralf C. Buckley
Summary: There can be conflicts between the conditions imposed by research funders and the requirements of research publishers, which create risks and potentially severe consequences that vary among research fields and funders. I suggest that universities report cases of conflict to national registries, which can serve as a warning to grant applicants and a deterrent to future interference by funders.
Article
Management
Benjamin Davies, Jason Gush, Shaun C. Hendy, Adam B. Jaffe
Summary: In this study, we analyzed whether research funding contests could promote co-authorship. We found that among pairs who had co-proposed in the previous ten years, co-authorship was 13.8 percentage points more likely in a given year. However, the co-authorship rate was not significantly higher among funded pairs. Yet, when we increased the publication lags towards the length of a typical award, we found that funding, rather than participation, promoted co-authorship.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bruce Y. Lee, Jose M. Ordovas, Elizabeth J. Parks, Cheryl A. M. Anderson, Albert-Laszlo Barabasi, Steven K. Clinton, Kayla de la Haye, Valerie B. Duffy, Paul W. Franks, Elizabeth M. Ginexi, Kristian J. Hammond, Erin C. Hanlon, Michael Hittle, Emily Ho, Abigail L. Horn, Richard S. Isaacson, Patricia L. Mabry, Susan Malone, Corby K. Martin, Josiemer Mattei, Simin Nikbin Meydani, Lorene M. Nelson, Marian L. Neuhouser, Brendan Parent, Nicolaas P. Pronk, Helen M. Roche, Suchi Saria, Frank A. J. L. Scheer, Eran Segal, Mary Ann Sevick, Tim D. Spector, Linda B. Van Horn, Krista A. Varady, Venkata Saroja Voruganti, Marie F. Martinez
Summary: Precision nutrition is an emerging concept that aims to develop personalized nutrition recommendations based on individual circumstances and biological characteristics. The response to dietary changes and the resulting health outcomes may vary significantly among individuals due to interactions between genetics, physiology, microbiome, health status, behavior, social influences, and environmental exposures. The workshop highlighted the need for further research to achieve more precise nutrition recommendations while considering variables such as age, sex, ethnicity, medical history, genetics, and social and environmental factors.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Silvia Berciano, Juliana Figueiredo, Tristin D. Brisbois, Susan Alford, Katie Koecher, Sara Eckhouse, Roberto Ciati, Martin Kussmann, Jose M. Ordovas, Katie Stebbins, Jeffrey B. Blumberg
Summary: Precision Nutrition (PN) is an individualized approach to nutritional recommendations based on various factors. It recognizes that healthful diets can differ between individuals and that health and dietary responses change over time. Despite concerns about the scientific support for current products and services, PN shows promise in improving healthspan and reducing healthcare costs. Advancing PN will require investment in multidisciplinary collaborations, engagement of healthcare professionals and payers, and system-wide collaboration to advocate for evidence-based PN and regulatory support.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Andrea Saltelli
Summary: The case study focuses on teaching research integrity in higher education. The author shares their experience of teaching this topic over the past three years, organizing it under the broader theme of integrity in science, specifically in terms of norms, functions, and unity. This innovative approach can help students understand the various aspects of research integrity, address contradictions in their work, and introduce them to the historical, philosophical, and sociological elements of science.
INNOVATIONS IN EDUCATION AND TEACHING INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Verena Sesin, Jonathan D. D. Judy, Larry Kapustka, Beatrice Opeolu, Mary A. Ottinger, Paul M. M. Bertsch, Ying Wang, James Lazorchak, Tristan A. A. Smythe, Ralph G. G. Stahl Jr
Summary: Environmental contaminants, climate change, SARS-CoV-2 virus, and COVID-19 disease are all connected through the wealth of scientific research which has provided knowledge and tools for addressing these threats to humans and social-ecological systems.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Henri-Corto Stoekle, Achille Ivasilevitch, Christian Herve
Summary: Scientific integrity is a new theory of science morality that seeks to develop common moral frameworks for scientific practices, especially in medicine and biology. The moral values and standards in these fields can change due to societal changes and pressures, and a new teleological ethical theory may be needed to address these tensions.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Melika Mosleh, Saeed Roshani, Mario Coccia
Summary: One of the main objectives of this study is to analyze how research funding affects the citation-based performance of scientific output in vital research fields of life science. Results show that funded documents receive more citations than un-funded papers in all research fields of life science. The study also reveals that citations of both funded and un-funded published papers have a power-law distribution. The critical implications of the research policy suggest that R&D investments in Neuroscience can generate a higher impact in terms of citations compared to other research fields in medicine.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Maria Bordons, Borja Gonzalez-Albo, Luz Moreno-Solano
Summary: This paper explores the relationship between funding and open access (OA) in three scientific fields in the Spanish National Research Council's Web of Science publications. The findings show higher OA rates in biology and biomedicine compared to humanities and social sciences and materials science. Funded research in experimental fields has higher OA rates, while in humanities and social sciences, it is related to more publications with article-processing charges. International collaboration and foreign funding increase the likelihood of OA, but there are differences across fields.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Robert M. Kwee, Maan T. Almaghrabi, Thomas C. Kwee
Summary: The study found that radiologists generally pay attention to scientific integrity, with some admitting to scientific fraud, publication bias, and honorary authorship. While their confidence in the integrity of published work was relatively high, there is still room for improvement. It is recommended to initiate cultural and policy reforms to address these issues.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Isabela Ribeiro Grangeira Tavares, Vivian dos Santos Pinheiro, Patricia Marques Lisboa Aroso de Castro, Isabelle Barbosa Reis, Gustavo Vieira de Oliveira, Thiago Silveira Alvares
Summary: This narrative review investigates the positive impact of fruit and vegetable by-product supplementation on cardiometabolic disorders. It has been found that the polyphenols present in these by-products can effectively improve cardiovascular health in patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. However, further studies are needed to explore the specific mechanisms of how food by-products affect cardiometabolic disorders in humans.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Maria Z. Tsimidou, Stella A. Ordoudi, Fani Th Mantzouridou, Nikolaos Nenadis, Tamara Stelzl, Michael Rychlik, Nastasia Belc, Claudia Zoani
Summary: The pan-European distributed research infrastructure for promoting metrology in food and nutrition, known as METROFOOD-RI, aims to provide high-quality metrology services across the food chain. It includes physical and electronic facilities and is currently preparing to apply for ERIC legal status. METROFOOD-RI partners have identified key thematic areas and strategic priorities to contribute to global societal challenges and emergencies.
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stephanie A. Atkinson
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sandi M. Azab, Russell J. de Souza, Ritchie Ly, Koon K. Teo, Stephanie A. Atkinson, Katherine M. Morrison, Sonia S. Anand, Philip Britz-McKibbin
Summary: The study investigated the associations of serum NEFAs with dietary intake data and cardiometabolic health indicators in pregnant women, finding stronger dietary correlations when expressed as mol%. Specific NEFAs were identified as viable dietary and clinical biomarkers when reported as their relative proportions.
PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Luling Lin, Greg D. Gamble, Caroline A. Crowther, Frank H. Bloomfield, Massimo Agosti, Stephanie A. Atkinson, Augusto Biasini, Nicholas D. Embleton, Fernando Lamy Filho, Christoph Fusch, Maria L. Gianni, Hayriye Goezde Kanmaz Kutman, Winston Koo, Ita Litmanovitz, Colin Morgan, Kanya Mukhopadhyay, Erica Neri, Jean-Charles Picaud, Niels Rochow, Paola Roggero, Kenneth Stroemmen, Maw J. Tan, Francesco M. Tandoi, Claire L. Wood, Gitte Zachariassen, Jane E. Harding
Summary: Neonatal nutritional supplements may improve early growth for infants born small, but the effects on long-term growth are uncertain and may vary by sex. These supplements can increase length and bone mineral content in infancy, but do not affect BMI in childhood. Supplementation can enhance height z-score in male toddlers, but not in females.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stephanie A. Atkinson, Atherai Maran, Kendra Dempsey, Maude Perreault, Thuva Vanniyasingam, Stuart M. Phillips, Eileen K. Hutton, Michelle F. Mottola, Olive Wahoush, Feng Xie, Lehana Thabane
Summary: A randomized trial tested the efficacy of a structured nutrition and exercise program in pregnant women compared to usual care. Although the intervention group had higher likelihood of achieving gestational weight gain within recommendations, results were not statistically significant, with improved diet quality and protein intake but unachievable exercise goal.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giulia Coletta, Josephine S. Jakubowski, Stuart M. Phillips, Stephanie Atkinson, Alexandra Papaioannou, Janet M. Pritchard
Summary: Sarcopenia is prevalent among total joint replacement (TJR) patients and non-TJR community participants, with lower protein intake being common in both groups. The study found that low appendicular lean soft-tissue mass (ALSTMBMI) was more common in TJR patients according to less conservative cut-points, while weakness was not a major issue. Moreover, higher daily protein intake was associated with better grip strength and ALSTMBMI. These findings suggest that a dietary intervention to increase protein intake may improve the surgical outcomes of TJR patients.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sandi M. Azab, Meera Shanmuganathan, Russell J. de Souza, Zachary Kroezen, Dipika Desai, Natalie C. Williams, Katherine M. Morrison, Stephanie A. Atkinson, Koon K. Teo, Meghan B. Azad, Elinor Simons, Theo J. Moraes, Piush J. Mandhane, Stuart E. Turvey, Padmaja Subbarao, Philip Britz-McKibbin, Sonia S. Anand
Summary: Childhood obesity is associated with cardiometabolic disease. Metabolomics research found that serum metabolites are associated with early childhood overweight and adiposity. The relationship between metabolism and obesity is influenced by sex.
Article
Developmental Biology
Neda Mortaji, John Krzeczkowski, Stephanie Atkinson, Bahar Amani, Louis A. A. Schmidt, Ryan Van Lieshout
Summary: This study found that a maternal nutrition and exercise intervention during pregnancy can improve infant emotion regulation. Infants in the intervention group had higher heart rate variability and better temperament compared to the control group. These findings suggest that pregnancy nutrition and exercise interventions may have a positive impact on infant emotion regulation.
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jacqueline Halton, Jinui Ma, Paul Babyn, Mary Ann C. Matzinger, Sue Kaste, Maya V. Scharke, Conrad Fernandez, Paivi Miettunen, Josephine Ho, Nathalie Alos, Sharon Abish, Ronald Barr, Elizabeth B. Cairney, David M. Dix, Ronald Grant, Sara Israels, Victor Lewis, Beverly Wilson, Stephanie Atkinson, David Cabral, Elizabeth Cummings, Celia Rodd, Robert Stein, Anne Marie L. Sbrocchi, Jacob Jaremko, Khaldoun Koujok, Nazih Shenouda, Frank Rauch, Kerry M. Siminoski, Leanne Ward, Canadian STOPP Consortium
Summary: Osteonecrosis is a common complication in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after therapy. A study evaluated the prevalence of osteonecrotic lesions in 86 children using multisite magnetic resonance imaging and found that 35% of the children had ON. Clinical factors such as bone mineral density changes were also considered in the analysis.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Meera Shanmuganathan, Meghan Bogert, Zachary Kroezen, Philip Britz-McKibbin, Stephanie A. Atkinson
Summary: This study explores the intake of choline and carnitine during pregnancy and their effects on choline and carnitine metabolites. The findings showed that despite inadequate choline intake, serum-free choline levels were elevated in late pregnancy and enriched in cord blood compared with maternal serum. However, serum carnitine levels declined in late pregnancy. The higher cord:maternal concentrations in choline and carnitine metabolites suggest active uptake in late pregnancy, reflecting the importance of these circulating metabolites in fetal development.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Rose A. Schmidt, Tina W. Wey, Kelly D. Harding, Isabel Fortier, Stephanie Atkinson, Suzanne Tough, Nicole Letourneau, Julia A. Knight, William D. Fraser, Alan Bocking
Summary: This study analyzed the sociodemographic characteristics associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy and its impact on fetal development and birth outcomes by pooling data from multiple Canadian cohort studies. The results showed that alcohol use during pregnancy was related to drinking prior to pregnancy, smoking during pregnancy, and white ethnicity, while higher income level was associated with drinking during pregnancy. However, neither alcohol use during pregnancy nor binge drinking during pregnancy was significantly associated with preterm delivery or low birth weight for gestational age in the sample studied. Therefore, future pregnancy and birth cohorts should include questions related to alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy to support data reusability and collaborative research.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kendra Dempsey, Michelle F. Mottola, Stephanie A. Atkinson
Summary: This study aimed to assess the maternal diet quality and create an algorithm to evaluate adherence to an intervention of high protein/dairy nutrition and walking exercise during pregnancy. The results showed that the intervention group significantly improved their diet scores and adherence scores, but adherence decreased in the late pregnancy primarily due to lower step counts.
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
L. McKerracher, T. Moffat, M. E. Barker, B. Murray-Davis, K. M. Kennedy, C. J. Bellissimo, E. Yeo, D. Hotoft, L. Zalot, V. Parlette, S. A. Atkinson, D. M. Sloboda
Summary: This study used survey data from 341 pregnant Canadians and found that higher-income and higher-educated pregnant women were more likely to use probiotics, regardless of their pregnancy health indicators. These findings suggest that socio-economic factors may play a significant role in the use of probiotics during pregnancy.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Neda Mortaji, John Krzeczkowski, Stephanie Atkinson, Bahar Amani, Louis A. Schmidt, Ryan J. Van Lieshout
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of a pregnancy nutrition+exercise intervention on fetal neurodevelopment and found that infants of mothers in the intervention group had higher scores in expressive language and general adaptive behavior at 12 months. However, there were no significant differences in cognitive, receptive language, motor, and socioemotional functioning between groups. Further research is needed to determine the clinical utility of nutrition+exercise interventions for optimizing infant neurodevelopment.
JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Katherine M. Kennedy, Andreas Plagemann, Julia Sommer, Marie Hofmann, Wolfgang Henrich, Jon F. R. Barrett, Michael G. Surette, Stephanie Atkinson, Thorsten Braun, Deborah M. Sloboda
Summary: Maternal adaptations to pregnancy are affected by high pre-pregnancy BMI (pBMI) and excess gestational weight gain (GWG). This study suggests that the gut microbiome may play a role in these adaptations and that previous pregnancies can have persistent impacts on maternal adaptations. It also highlights the influence of parity on the effect of maternal GWG on infant gut microbiome.
Letter
Respiratory System
Talha Rafiq, Koon K. Teo, Katherine M. Morrison, Stephanie A. Atkinson, Gita Wahi, Dipika Desai, Sonia S. Anand, MyLinh Duong