Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuankun Deng, Hui Han, Liuqin He, Dun Deng, Jing Wang, Yulong Yin, Tiejun Li
Summary: In this study, it was found that the Lys-Lys dipeptide contributes to amino acid metabolism but fails to affect the growth performance of piglets. Additionally, the Lys-Lys dipeptide decreases the relative abundance of Bacteroidales.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biology
Lanmei Yin, Yitong Zhang, Jun Li, Jing Zhou, Qiye Wang, Jing Huang, Jianzhong Li, Huansheng Yang
Summary: This study investigated the effect of iron on intestinal epithelium development in suckling piglets. The results showed that lactation is a critical stage for intestinal epithelial development and is associated with changes in iron metabolism. Iron deficiency does not directly affect intestinal epithelium development through intestinal stem cells, but IL-22 may play a key role in this process.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sandra Villagomez-Estrada, Jose F. Perez, Diego Melo-Duran, Francesc Gonzalez-Sole, Matilde D'Angelo, Francisco J. Perez-Cano, David Sola-Oriol
Summary: During birth and lactation, piglets born from hyperprolific sows with light body weight exhibit higher expression of stress and pro-inflammatory genes. The present study aimed to evaluate the physiological weaknesses of light piglets compared to their middle-weight littermates through gene expression analysis. Light piglets showed downregulation of genes related to immune response, antioxidant enzymes, digestive enzymes, and nutrient transporters at birth. However, at the end of the suckling period, these gene expression differences disappeared and genes involved in barrier function, inflammation, and stress responses were over-expressed in light piglets compared to their heavier littermates. This suggests that light piglets have compromised gene expression for nutrient absorption, immune and stress responses from birth to the end of lactation.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Qi Wang, Jing Wang, Renli Qi, Xiaoyu Qiu, Qian Sun, Jinxiu Huang, Ruisheng Wang
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of L. reuteri on the intestinal barrier function and mucosal immunity of piglets during suckling phase. The results showed that L. reuteri significantly improved the growth performance, reduced the incidence of diarrhea, and enhanced the intestinal morphology of piglets. Additionally, L. reuteri treatment modulated the expression of genes and proteins related to intestinal barrier function and innate immunity. These findings suggest that L. reuteri can improve the intestinal mucosal barrier and enhance the innate immunity of piglets during the suckling period.
ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Raka Choudhury, Yuner Gu, J. Elizabeth Bolhuis, Michiel Kleerebezem
Summary: This study investigates the impact of early life feeding on the mucosal transcriptional program and morphology of suckling piglets. The results show that early feeding accelerates the colonization of microbiota and the maturation of the host transcriptome, with a more pronounced effect in the colon. Early feeding also enhances the mucosal response to weaning stress.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Md Rayhan Mahmud, Ching Jian, Md Karim Uddin, Mirja Huhtinen, Anne Salonen, Olli Peltoniemi, Heli Venhoranta, Claudio Oliviero
Summary: Small-scale studies on pigs' intestinal microbiota and growth performance have yielded inconsistent results. This study found that the gut microbiota during the nursery stage, not the suckling period, was a predictor of piglet growth. Certain SCFA-producing bacterial genera were significantly correlated with high piglet growth, and the gut microbiota of high-ADG piglets matured faster and stabilized sooner after weaning compared to low-ADG piglets. The findings suggest that weaning is a major driver of gut microbiota variation and that specific gut microbiota at weaning may be beneficial for piglet growth.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Anne M. S. Huting, Anouschka Middelkoop, Xiaonan Guan, Francesc Molist
Summary: Piglet mortality and morbidity in large litters are a major welfare concern and economic losses globally. Nutritional interventions before and after weaning can modulate gut development, reducing the risk of gastro-intestinal problems. Early-life nutrition has the potential to modulate gut health in the long-term.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Dengfu Li, Daiwen Chen, Bing Yu, Yuheng Luo, Jun He
Summary: This study found that oral administration of sialyllactose (SL) can improve the growth performance of suckling piglets, enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity, and strengthen intestinal barrier function.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hao Zhao, Min Tian, Liang Xiong, Tongbin Lin, Shuchang Zhang, Xianhuai Yue, Xinghong Liu, Fang Chen, Shihai Zhang, Wutai Guan
Summary: Supplementation of a sow diet with GML improved intestinal barrier function and antioxidant status in newborn piglets by suppressing the activation of the NF-kappa B/MAPK pathways.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei Peng, Ying-Hui Li, Guan Yang, Jie-Lin Duan, Ling-Yuan Yang, Li-Xiang Chen, Shu-Ling Hou, Xing-Guo Huang
Summary: In this study, it was found that supplementation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii (LAB) can regulate intestinal immunity in piglets by increasing inflammatory factors and modulating gut microbial communities. LAB was shown to induce dendritic cell maturation and activation, possibly through the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Oral supplementation of LAB was also found to have long-lasting immunomodulatory effects on intestinal immunity after weaning.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Lijun Zou, Yirui Shao, Yinfeng Xu, Yuliang Wu, Jian Zhou, Xia Xiong, Yulong Yin
Summary: This study investigates the genetic reprogramming of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) maturation along the crypt-villus axis. The analysis reveals differentially expressed genes between upper villus epithelial cells (F1) and crypt epithelial cells (F3) of suckling piglets. These genes are closely related to the differentiation, proliferation, maturation, and apoptosis of IECs. The findings provide important insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying intestinal epithelial cell renewal and repair.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hubert M. J. van Hees, Koen Chiers, Leo A. den Hartog, Theo A. T. G. van Kempen, Dominiek Maes, Sam Millet, Geert P. J. Janssens
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of fine and coarsely ground insoluble dietary fiber on the gastrointestinal development of suckling pigs. It found that oat hulls supplementation did not have adverse effects on the health and performance of piglets, but had subtle effects on gastrointestinal morphology and microbial community.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
E. Lichar Dillon, Guoyao Wu
Summary: The study found that cortisol treatment could increase activities and concentrations related to citrulline and arginine synthesis, but induced the expression of intestinal arginase-II, resulting in no significant change in plasma arginine concentration. Additionally, cortisol administration had no significant effect on piglet growth but increased villus height in the intestine.
Article
Pediatrics
Marihan Lansing, George Slim, Pamela Wizzard, Mahroukh Rafii, Paul B. Pencharz, Patrick N. Nation, Megan R. Beggs, R. Todd Alexander, Paul W. Wales, Justine M. Turner, Ron O. Ball
Summary: This study examined the effects of 75% intestinal resection on whole-body arginine synthesis in piglets and found adaptive changes in intestinal arginine synthesis that may help preserve overall arginine synthesis in neonates. The intestine plays a crucial role in arginine synthesis, particularly in neonates at risk for short bowel syndrome.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
C. Clouard, R. Resmond, A. Prunier, C. Tallet, E. Merlot
Summary: This study investigated the social behaviors and early social styles of suckling piglets. Three social styles, including inactive, active, and avoiders, were identified. The allocation to specific social styles was influenced by sex and remained stable over time for the inactive and active styles. Haptoglobin and growth rate were found to be higher in active pigs compared to inactive pigs. These findings suggest the existence of transient social styles in piglets, which may be related to sexual dimorphism or health status.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kasey D. Boger, Ana E. Sheridan, Amanda L. Ziegler, Anthony T. Blikslager
Summary: This article focuses on the use of in vitro injury models and intestinal cell lines to study the mechanisms of intestinal epithelial repair, which is critical for maintaining barrier integrity.
Article
Biology
Shizhen Qin, Liang Huang, Lin Lu, Liyang Zhang, Yanli Guo, Lin Xi, Xiudong Liao, Xugang Luo
Summary: Manganese is a necessary trace element that can alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on the heart of broiler breeders and embryos, but the mechanisms behind this protection are still unclear. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the protective effects of manganese on primary cultured chick embryonic myocardial cells exposed to heat challenge. The results showed that supplementation of manganese could enhance the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase and attenuate heat shock response, protecting the myocardial cells from heat-induced damage.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Brandon Pike, Jinan Zhao, Julie A. Hicks, Feng Wang, Rachel Hagen, Hsiao-Ching Liu, Jack Odle, Xi Lin
Summary: This study investigated the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) on carnitine status and intestinal fatty acid oxidation in neonates. Suckled newborn piglets were fed different diets with or without clofibrate, succinate+glycerol, tri-valerate, tri-hexanoate, or tri-2-methylpentanoate. Clofibrate increased carnitine concentrations in the liver and plasma, but had no effect in the intestine. TC5 and TMPA stimulated fatty acid oxidation, while TC6 had no effect. These results suggest that clofibrate improves carnitine status and increases fatty acid oxidation in neonates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Brandon J. Eudy, Jack Odle, Xi Lin, Christian Maltecca, Kathleen R. Walter, Nathan P. McNulty, Vivek Fellner, Sheila K. Jacobi
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of arachidonate (ARA) and/or prebiotic oligosaccharide (PRE) supplementation in formula on the development of the microbial ecosystem and colonic health parameters. The results showed that PRE supplementation increased the abundance of specific bacterial genera and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), benefiting intestinal development. ARA supplementation increased the ARA content in the colonic mucosa and increased the unsaturation of fatty acids.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Feng Wang, Chaolai Man, Xiaoqiu Wang, Jack Odle, Christian Maltecca, Xi Lin
Summary: Maternal undernutrition during pregnancy can lead to severe fetal impairments, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. This study investigated the potential impacts of restricted nutrition on metabolic pathways in fetal pigs. The results revealed differential expression of mRNA and miRNA, as well as alterations in metabolic and signaling pathways. These findings provide valuable insights into the negative effects of maternal malnutrition on hepatic metabolism in full-term fetal pigs via miRNA-mRNA interactions.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jennifer Ruff, Sandra Zetterstrom, Lindsey Boone, Erik Hofmeister, Caitlin Smith, Kira Epstein, Anthony Blikslager, Callie Fogle, Megan Burke
Summary: This study aimed to compare the occurrence of post-operative complications and survival to discharge in horses with ileal impactions resolved by manual decompression and jejunal enterotomy. The medical records of 121 client-owned horses undergoing surgical correction of an ileal impaction were retrospectively collected. The results showed no significant differences in post-operative complications and survival to discharge between horses treated with manual decompression and those treated with jejunal enterotomy. Pre-operative packed cell volume (PCV) and surgery duration were significant predictors of survival to discharge.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Timothy E. Boston, Feng Wang, Lin Xi, Sung Woo Kim, Vivek Fellner, Mark F. Scott, Amanda L. Ziegler, Laurianne Van Landeghem, Anthony T. Blikslager, Jack Odle
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jeongeun Lee, Shah Ahmed Belal, Xi Lin, Jinryong Park, Kwanseob Shim
Summary: The efficacy of incorporating insect peptide CopA3 to stabilize cell proliferation and heat shock protein expression was assessed in this study. The results showed that CopA3 treatment mitigated the deleterious impact of heat stress on cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis. It also maintained stable expression of Bcl-2-associated X (BAX), HSP70, and HSP40.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jinan Zhao, Brandon Pike, Jin Huang, Zhihua Feng, Jack Odle, Xi Lin
Summary: Supporting the anaplerotic and ketogenic fatty acids (FA) could potentially impact FA oxidation and modify the metabolism of acetyl-CoA via alteration of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity. However, it has no significant effect on the hepatic FA oxidative capacity induced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARa). The availability of carnitine is crucial for maintaining FA oxidation during the neonatal period.
Meeting Abstract
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Lin Xi, Feng Wang, Daisy Cagle, Yue Zhu, Jack Odle, Deyu Xie
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kristina R. Rivera, R. Jarrett Bilton, Joseph Burclaff, Michael J. Czerwinski, Jintong Liu, Jessica M. Trueblood, Caroline M. Hinesley, Keith A. Breau, Halston E. Deal, Shlok Joshi, Vladimir A. Pozdin, Ming Yao, Amanda L. Ziegler, Anthony T. Blikslager, Michael A. Daniele, Scott T. Magness
Summary: This study investigated the effects of hypoxia on human intestinal stem cells using a micro-physiological system. The results showed that hypoxia induces a dormant state in intestinal stem cells, but they can be reactivated by specific interleukins. These findings are important for understanding the mechanisms of intestinal epithelial regeneration caused by inflammatory hypoxia.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)