Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Celine Martin, Mathilde Diez, Andrea Campos, Martiane Cabie, Gregory Giacometti, Martin Balden, Alberto Gallo, Bernard Pegourie, Elodie Bernard, Emmanuelle Tsitrone
Summary: By analysing deposits collected on ITER-like PFUs, it was found that they mainly consist of tungsten, oxygen, boron and carbon with varying textures and compositions along the radial direction. Different types of deposits were identified in areas with different plasma fluxes, and more nanoparticles, voids and tungsten oxide layers were found in deposits formed during C4 compared to those of C3.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
T. Kawate, N. Ashikawa, M. Goto, T. Oishi, Y. Kawamoto, H. Toyoda, M. Shoji, G. Kawamura, S. Masuzaki, F. Nespoli, E. P. Gilson, R. Lunsford, C. Suzuki, A. Nagy, D. Gates
Summary: This study investigates the impact of boron powder dropping on plasma wall conditioning. The results suggest that boron can reduce hydrogen recycling, facilitate impurity gettering, and achieve effective real-time wall conditioning.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Dong-Geun Lee, K. C. Lee, J. -W. Juhn, Jae-seok Lee, Y. -c. Ghim
Summary: Conventional dispersion interferometers face challenges in focusing and overlapping laser beams, prompting the development of a new single crystal dispersion interferometer. Installed on KSTAR, this new system aims to address issues encountered with traditional interferometers to measure line integrated electron densities.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Mikhail M. Vinogradov, Yulia V. Nelyubina, Roman A. Novikov
Summary: The reaction between the reduced form of 13-vertex carborane and [(16-p-cymene)OsCl2]2 in toluene solution produces two isomeric osmacarboranes. The most stable product is formed through a side redox process and involves cage isomerization. Additionally, the reaction between [(16-p-cymene) OsCl2]2 and Na2(THF)n[nido-1,2-CH2XCH2-1,2-C2B10H10] produces 12-vertex complexes due to the decapitation of the carborane ligand. NMR experiments and DFT study reveal the presence of low barrier cage rearrangement.
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Rui Yang, Xin Guo, Huijun Yang, Junwei Qiao
Summary: Boronization can enhance the wear resistance of high-entropy alloys (HEAs), especially at high temperatures. In this study, Fe40Mn20Cr20Ni20 HEAs were boronized at 900 degrees C for 6 hours and their tribological properties were tested from 20 to 600 degrees C. The results showed that boronized alloys exhibited improved wear resistance, with lower coefficients of friction and wear rates compared to hot-rolled alloys. The wear mechanisms varied with temperature, with abrasive and adhesive wears predominant at lower temperatures and oxidation and abrasive wears predominant at higher temperatures. Boronization improved the wear resistance of HEAs in high temperature through the formation of B2O3 and the thermal stability of the boronized layer.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Ookjoo Ra, Kyu Been Kwon, Livia Casali, Houyang Guo, Peter C. Stangeby, Min Sup Hur
Summary: The study found that even a very shallow Small-Angle-Slot (SAS) can significantly lower the heat load on the divertor target of the KSTAR reactor compared to the original open divertor. Deuterium neutrals are concentrated along the separatrix line in the SAS, while in the open divertor, deuterium density peaks in the far-scrape-off layer. Additionally, the neutral density and temperature drop induced by SAS are both closely related to the depth of the slot, with the highest heat dissipation achieved at a SAS depth of 10.3 cm.
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Jiaqi Sun, Muyao Gao, Lihua Zhao, Yangzhong Zhao, Tianhao Li, Ke Chen, Xiao Hu, Liu He, Qing Huang, Ming Liu, Yujie Song
Summary: This review presents recent advances and properties of carborane-siloxane polymers, while also discussing their origin, future potentials, and practical applications.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaorang Tian, Chuizhou Meng, Xin Zhao, Bing Liu, Guanchao Zhao, Ge Nie, Guoyun Yang, Guosong Zhang, Peide Han
Summary: The study utilized diborane glow discharges to investigate the impact of material type and surface roughness on boronization and plasma performance. It was found that a surface roughness below 0.8 μm was optimal for achieving maximum binding force on stainless steel, while difficulties were encountered when attempting boron film growth on copper due to oxygen enrichment hindering boron-boron bond formation. Following boronization, the partial pressure of residual gases in the chamber, including H2O, CO2, CO, and O2, was significantly reduced, indicating successful mitigation of oxygen and carbon impurities.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Heyi Yang, Haichao Liu, Yunxia Shen, Shi-tong Zhang, Qing Zhang, Qingbao Song, Chunyan Lv, Cheng Zhang, Bing Yang, Yuguang Ma, Yujian Zhang
Summary: This study presents a strategy of using photoinduced electron transfer to design excitation wavelength-dependent fluorescence materials, achieving multicolor, flexible and transparent films, and demonstrating their potential in anticounterfeiting applications.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
H. Frerichs, J. Van Blarcum, S. M. Yang, J-k. Park, N. C. Logan, Y. Feng, O. Schmitz
Summary: The striation pattern of heat loads on divertor targets depends on the plasma response to external resonant magnetic perturbations applied for ELM suppression. Analysis shows that the extent of this pattern is sensitive to the radial location of equilibrium truncation, and a smaller extent is found if the truncation is closer to the separatrix. Simulations demonstrate that by adjusting RMP coil parameters, the peak heat load can be reduced within the range of ELM suppression.
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
S. G. Lee, J. Seol, H. H. Lee
Summary: This study investigates the toroidal rotation dynamics of KSTAR ohmic plasmas without any external torque sources. It is found that the toroidal rotation velocity increases as the plasma density rises, while the measured radial electric field is generally negative and its magnitude increases with the density. The study introduces a theoretical picture to explain the relation between the radial electric field and the toroidal rotation.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lei Gan, Makenzie T. Nord, Jacob M. Lessard, Noah Q. Tufts, Arunraj Chidambaram, Mark E. Light, Hongliang Huang, Eduardo Solano, Julio Fraile, Fabian Suarez-Garcia, Clara Vinas, Francesc Teixidor, Kyriakos C. Stylianou, Jose G. Planas
Summary: The removal of organophosphorus (OP) herbicides from water has been studied using various methods such as adsorptive removal, chemical oxidation, electrooxidation, enzymatic degradation, and photodegradation. In this study, a Zr-based metal-organic framework (mCB-MOF-2) was used for the adsorption and photodegradation of the OP herbicide glyphosate (GP). The mCB-MOF-2 demonstrated a high adsorption capacity for GP and selectively converted it to non-toxic sarcosine and orthophosphate under UV-vis light irradiation. These findings suggest that mCB-MOF-2 is a promising material for removing OP herbicides from water.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Manjur O. Akram, Caleb D. Martin, Jason L. Dutton
Summary: The Lewis acidity of primary, secondary, and tertiary boranes with phenyl, pentafluorophenyl, and all three isomers of the icosahedral carboranes was studied by calculating their affinities for fluoride, hydride, and ammonia, as well as their electrophilicity indices and LUMO energies. It was found that the substituent effects on Lewis acidity followed the trend of ortho-carborane > meta-carborane > para-carborane > C6F5 > C6H5.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
G. Bodner, A. Gallo, A. Diallo, R. Lunsford, Ph Moreau, A. Nagy, F-P Pellissier, C. Guillemaut, J. P. Gunn, C. Bourdelle, C. Desgranges, P. Manas, A. Bortolon, C. C. Klepper, E. Tsitrone, E. A. Unterberg, L. Vermare
Summary: In this experiment, boron powder injection led to reductions in deuterium and impurity particle fluxes in WEST discharges, along with improvements in confinement and increased stored energy and neutron rate.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Ana Carolina de Laurentiis Brandao
Summary: Through teaching metaphors, pre-service teachers can share and make sense of important stages within their professional identity formation.
TEACHING AND TEACHER EDUCATION
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Liuming Wei, Jingwen Li, Yonggang Li, Qirong Zheng, Fan Cheng, Chuanguo Zhang, Jingyu Li, Gaofeng Zhao, Zhi Zeng
Summary: This study investigates the influence of He-V complexes on H behaviors on different W surfaces using DFT calculations. The results show that H dissolution is most difficult but H trapping is easiest on the W (110) surface, while the opposite is true on the W (111) surface. Moreover, the presence of He-V complexes increases the difficulty of H diffusion from bulk to surface and desorption.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yan Meng, Song Zeng, Chen Chen, Chaowen Zhu, Huahai Shen, Xiaosong Zhou, Xiaochun Han
Summary: The characteristics of magnetron sputtered Cr coatings vary with different temperature, bias voltage, and pressure. Coatings with random orientation, good crystallinity, and small grain size exhibit favorable oxidation behavior, while coatings with strong (200) texture, poor crystallinity, and large grains have many intrinsic defects that are detrimental to the protection property of the Cr coatings.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xinyuan Xu, Zefeng Yu, Wei-Ying Chen, Aiping Chen, Arthur Motta, Xing Wang
Summary: This study presents an automated approach for characterizing grain morphology in TEM images recorded during ion irradiation. By combining a machine learning model and a computer vision algorithm, comparable results to human analysis can be achieved with significantly reduced analysis time. Researchers can train their own models following the procedures described in this study to automate grain morphology analysis of their own TEM images.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shihao Wu, Dong Wang, Yapei Zhang, Koji Okamoto, Marco Pellegrini, Wenxi Tian, Suizheng Qiu, G. H. Su
Summary: The oxidation and degradation mechanisms of Cr coating on Zr alloy cladding under high temperature steam atmosphere are summarized, and a mathematical analysis model is established to predict the changes in coating thickness. The model is applied in the analysis of structure evolution under different conditions.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
V. Diaz-Mena, J. de Prado, M. Roldan, I. Izaguirre, M. Sanchez, M. Rieth, A. Urena
Summary: The brazeability of a cupronickel alloy was evaluated as a filler alloy for high-temperature joining of tungsten to steel. The study investigated the brazing conditions and the impact of the selected filler on the joint quality using numerical software. The results showed different metallurgical interactions and diffusion phenomena between the filler alloy and the base materials at different temperatures. The study emphasized the importance of selecting a suitable filler to mitigate residual stresses in the joints.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Pengcheng Zhu, Yajie Zhao, Yan-Ru Lin, Jean Henry, Steven J. Zinkle
Summary: This study investigates the effect of heavy-ion irradiation on radiation hardening in high-purity binary alloy Fe18Cr. Nanoindentation testing and high-quality TEM imaging were conducted to extract hardness and microstructure information. The strength factor was accurately calculated based on the detailed TEM characterization of irradiated microstructures, and a refined hardening superposition method was applied to quantify the mechanical properties of ion-irradiated materials.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bin Wu, Haixia Ning, Hanzhen Zhu, Jianjun Chen, Kang Wang, Daiyu Zhang, Fu Wang, Qilong Liao
Summary: This study discusses the effects of ZrO2 and B2O3 on the phase composition and properties of SAP-based glass-ceramics. The results show that ZrO2 addition improves the formation of NZP phase while restricting the crystallization of AlPO4 phases. The correct ratios of ZrO2 and B2O3 allow only the formation of NZP phase within the SAP glass.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hwasung Yeom, Greg Johnson, Benjamin Maier, Tyler Dabney, Kumar Sridharan
Summary: Cr-Nb bilayer coatings were developed using cold spray deposition to improve the limiting operational temperature of Cr-coated Zr-alloy system. The coatings exhibited outstanding oxidation resistance at high temperatures and formed continuous intermetallic compound layers at the interfaces.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Padhraic L. Mulligan, Andrew T. Nelson, Chad M. Parish, Patrick A. Champlin, Xiang Chen, Daniel Morrall, Jason M. Harp
Summary: Environmental barrier coatings are being developed to reduce oxidation and embrittlement in Zr-based materials. Chromium nitride is a candidate for this application, but understanding its impact on irradiation-induced creep and microstructure is critical.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dexuan Yan, Xinlei Cao, Ke Shen
Summary: This study investigated the purification mechanism of polycrystalline graphite by comparing IG-11 graphite with IG-110 nuclear grade graphite. The analysis revealed that metallic impurities in IG-11 were primarily segregated within graphite porosities, while IG-110 demonstrated a significant reduction in impurities. This research contributes to the development of innovative graphite purification techniques for greater purity and stronger oxidation resistance.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei Xu, Wei Peng, Lei Shi, Qi Sun
Summary: This paper investigates the oxidation and shape evolution of matrix graphite in high temperature gas-cooled reactors during air-ingress accidents. A reaction kinetics model is established and computational fluid dynamics with a dynamic mesh method is used to simulate the oxidation process. The results show that the geometric shape of graphite changes significantly with increasing flow rate, and the graphite pebbles tend to form a structure with a narrow front and wide tail.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Allison Harward, Casey Elliott, Michael Shaltry, Krista Carlson, Tae-Sic Yoo, Guy Fredrickson, Michael Patterson, Michael F. Simpson
Summary: This paper investigates the hygroscopic properties of eutectic LiCl-KCl absorbed into zeolite-4A. The study finds that water absorption and corrosion worsen with increasing salt loading. It also suggests that the salt can be stored in a non-inert atmosphere for a certain period of time.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Takaaki Koyanagi, Xunxiang Hu, Christian M. Petrie, Gyanender Singh, Caen Ang, Christian P. Deck, Weon-Ju Kim, Daejong Kim, James Braun, Yutai Katoh
Summary: This study provides critical experimental data on the effects of irradiation on the hermeticity of SiC composite cladding, finding that irradiation can cause a decrease in hermeticity and cracking, and coating the outer surface can mitigate the cracking issue.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. Krat, A. Prishvitsyn, Yu. Gasparyan
Summary: This study proposes a probabilistic and diffusion-based model to describe the co-deposition of multiple hydrogen isotopes with slowly grown metal layers. The model calculates the relative concentrations of different hydrogen isotopes in the co-deposited metal layers. It is found that if hydrogen isotopes have different detrapping energies, only the isotope with the highest detrapping energy shows a monotonic decrease in concentration with deposition temperature. Furthermore, the study evaluates the uncertainty of tritium concentration in the co-deposited layer based on the uncertainty in detrapping energy of tritium and deuterium, predicting a >10% tritium concentration uncertainty for a 0.01 eV difference.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tijo Vazhappilly, Arup Kumar Pathak
Summary: This study investigates the effect of Ce atom substitution in UO2 on its thermophysical properties using density functional theory. The results show that the Ce substitution levels and the oxidation state of Ce/U atoms strongly influence the band structure and specific heat capacity of the UO2 lattice. These findings provide important insights into the fuel properties of UO2 under reactor conditions.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)