Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. Puranen, L-z. Evins, A. Barreiro, O. Roth, K. Spahiu
Summary: This paper presents a leaching experiment on high burnup UO2 spent nuclear fuel under high hydrogen pressure conditions. The results show that hydrogen overpressure can reduce fuel matrix corrosion, stabilizing the solubility limits of redox sensitive elements in their reduced oxide forms. The release of non-redox sensitive elements ceases within a year. At the end of the experiment, the release of fission gases also stops, although at a surprisingly high released fraction of the inventory. These results contrast with previous experiments under different conditions, suggesting that prior oxidation of the fuel surfaces may limit the potential for hydrogen to suppress fuel corrosion and dissolution.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jaroslaw Milewski, Viktoriya Podhurska, Aliaksandr Martsinchyk, Bogdan Vasyliv, Olaf Dybinski
Summary: This study investigates the influence of contact force on contact resistance between the current collector and the porous nickel layer of a fuel cell electrode through experimental and theoretical research. The main findings are: (i) the greater the force, the lower the contact resistance; (ii) above a certain level, the force applied to the electrode produces no significant change in contact resistance. An MCFC mathematical model is proposed to explain this phenomenon and provide a quantitative assessment of its impact on the performance of the entire fuel cell. The results demonstrate significant improvement in MCFC operating parameters when the compression force is increased to 40 N/cm2, but further force increase does not lead to appreciable improvement.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Philippe Ackerer, Arnaud Bouissonnie, Raphael di Chiara Roupert, Damien Daval
Summary: The study developed a new method to estimate the bond-breaking activation energy during crystal dissolution processes based on experimental data, with the results showing good agreement across different experimental setups. The estimated bond-breaking activation energies were found to be close to each other and in line with ab initio calculations, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
NPJ MATERIALS DEGRADATION
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sumit Srivastava, Rob Jacklin, Ruben Snellings, Richard Barker, Jeroen Spooren, Pegie Cool
Summary: This study investigates the dissolution of Fe in dilute systems and its dependence on process conditions and solution compositions. Experimental results show that Fe dissolution rates increase with decreased pH and higher temperatures. A modeling approach is developed to quantify the changes in solution composition during Fe dissolution. The study finds that CO2 pressure and temperature have significant effects on Fe dissolution rates, and the buffering action of CO2(aq) reduces the activation energy of Fe dissolution.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chen Wang, Jie Ji
Summary: A dynamic combustion period occurs after liquid fuel ignition, but the mechanism is complicated due to dynamic heat transfer. This study investigates the dynamic combustion behavior and heat transfer of pool fire with burning time and thin fuel thickness using experiments and theoretical analysis. The research explores the relationship between flame height, burning rate, heat transfer, and the evolution mechanism of total heat feedback.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mattia Negroni, Dennis Kurzbach
Summary: A method for real-time NMR of 'hyperpolarized' proteins at residue resolution is proposed using dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. This approach enables selective detection of hyperpolarized residues, addressing limitations in sensitivity and monitoring speed in protein NMR spectroscopy. Hyperpolarization of solvent and subsequent transfer to target molecules significantly enhances signal in protein NMR, allowing for residue-resolved spectra recording at a high sampling rate.
COMMUNICATIONS CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Abby Lunstrum, William Berelson
Summary: Carbonate-poor sandy sediments play a crucial role in neutralizing ocean acid. The dissolution process varies with changes in seawater conditions and is similar to observations in carbonate-rich sediment environments. As acidification continues, carbonate-poor sediments may shift from being an acid source to providing buffering capacity.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lingping Zeng, Alireza Keshavarz, Quan Xie, Stefan Iglauer
Summary: Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) has potential for large-scale storage, and carbonate reservoirs can play a significant role. However, there is limited research on the risks and uncertainties related to carbonate dissolution and hydrogen loss. This study used geochemical modeling to assess the potential of UHS in the Majiagou carbonate formation in China. The results indicate that carbonate reservoirs are suitable for seasonal hydrogen storage but may not be ideal for long-term storage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Alexandra C. Adams, Andras Kufcsak, Katjana Ehrlich, Kevin Dhaliwal, Sohan Seth
Summary: Innovations in CMOS SPAD technology have contributed to the development of advanced instruments for TRFS. These instruments can collect fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime information across a broad spectral range with high resolution. We introduce MuFLE, a computational method that efficiently utilizes multi-channel spectroscopy data to estimate emission spectra and spectral fluorescence lifetimes simultaneously. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this approach can extract individual spectral characteristics from mixed samples.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Andres Hernandez-Avellaneda, Gonzalo Jimenez, Julio Benavides, Luis Rey, Juan Carlos Martinez-Murillo
Summary: In this study, a new model has been developed using CFD code to assess the inner details of nuclear spent fuel storage containers and the cooling effects of the environment. Furthermore, the study examines the impact of thermal radiation on the container's temperature distribution.
ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Andres Hernandez-Avellaneda, Gonzalo Jimenez, Luis Rey, Juan Carlos Martinez-Murillo
Summary: Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) codes are widely used in spent nuclear fuel dry storage systems. Most current CFD models simplify the fuel assembly flow nozzles and spacer grids. In this study, a full scope model with detailed flow nozzles for each fuel assembly was developed and compared to a model without flow nozzles. The differences were found to be minimal in steady-state simulations.
ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Ghada El Jamal, Thomas Gouder, Rachel Eloirdi, Mats Jonsson
Summary: This study investigates the dynamics of redox changes in UO2 films induced by water plasma, showing that U(iv) is initially oxidized to U(v) and then to U(vi), with U(vi) slowly being reduced back to U(v) over extended exposure times. The experiments demonstrate that the formation of U(v) on the surface upon reduction of U(vi) is different from that when U(iv) is oxidized to U(v), with U(v) being localized in the bulk of the film and displaying a different reactivity. The observations are supported by a simple kinetic model describing the redox processes involved.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mylene Robert, Assma El Kaddouri, Jean-Christophe Perrin, Jesus Raya, Olivier Lottin
Summary: This study investigated the impact of chemical degradation on membrane structure and properties of reinforced Nafion(TM) XL membrane compared to unreinforced Nafion(TM) NR211 membrane using Fenton's reagents. Results showed that both XL and NR211 membranes undergo chemical decomposition at different rates, with the XL membrane demonstrating greater stability. However, the effects on water sorption and transport properties were found to be negligible for both membranes.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
John McGrady, Yuta Kumagai, Masayuki Watanabe, Akira Kirishima, Daisuke Akiyama, Akira Kitamura, Shingo Kimuro
Summary: This study investigates the interaction between groundwater and spent nuclear fuel in the event of canister failure, with a focus on the dissolution of uranium (U) influenced by bicarbonate concentrations and H2O2 produced by water radiolysis. Results show that changes in bicarbonate concentration affect the decomposition mechanism of H2O2 at the U3O8 surface, ultimately impacting the dissolution rate of U3O8.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Osama Elbanhawy, Marwan Hassan, Atef Mohany
Summary: This work introduces an analytical framework for modeling fully flexible fuel bundles, predicting their vibration response and comparing the results with experimental data. The study reveals that endplate cracking may occur as a result of tube vibration.
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2021)
Correction
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elin Toijer, Mats Jonsson
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Inna Soroka, Nakkyu Chae, Mats Jonsson
Summary: Radiation-induced corrosion of the copper canister used for storing spent nuclear fuel in future geological repositories is a potentially important process for long-term safety. Recent experimental studies have revealed a disagreement between experimental observations and numerical simulations based on the proposed mechanism, leading to the proposal of a new corrosion mechanism driven by radiolytically produced O-2.
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Ghada El Jamal, Junyi Li, Mats Jonsson
Summary: This study investigates the impact of Cl-, Br-, and ClO4- on the oxidative dissolution of UO2 induced by H2O2, revealing both ionic strength effects and specific ion effects on the kinetics of the reactions involved.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhuofeng Li, Diana Piankova, Yi Yang, Yuta Kumagai, Hannes Zschiesche, Mats Jonsson, Nadezda V. Tarakina, Inna L. Soroka
Summary: The study reveals that intermediate phases play a crucial role in CeO2 mesocrystal formation by converting Ce-III into Ce-IV. The evolution of CeO2 mesocrystals involves multiple stages, ultimately leading to the formation of complex hierarchical architectures.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Veena Singh, Claudio M. Lousada, Mats Jonsson, Liubov M. Belova
Summary: This paper reports a high throughput method for inkjet printing of nano-structured photocatalytically active TiO2 films, which shows higher photocatalytic performance and mechanical stability compared to films made via the traditional doctor blade method. It suggests that inkjet printing can be an efficient method for the large-scale production of TiO2 photocatalysts.
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Junyi Li, Zoltan Szabo, Mats Jonsson
Summary: This study identified the ternary uranyl-peroxo-chloro and uranyl-peroxo-bromo complexes using spectroscopy techniques. The uranyl-peroxo-chloro complex was found to be more stable than the uranyl-peroxo-bromo complex, which transforms into studtite at high uranyl and H2O2 concentrations. Studtite was also found to dissolve under high ionic strength conditions, suggesting it may not be a stable solid phase under very saline conditions. The uranyl-peroxo-bromo complex was shown to facilitate H2O2 decomposition via reactive intermediates.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ghada El Jamal, Thomas Gouder, Rachel Eloirdi, Mats Jonsson
Summary: Photoelectron spectroscopy study of the U5f emission provides valuable insight into the surface oxidation mechanism of uranium oxides. Different methods are used to determine the surface oxidation state and track the surface modification and reduction under various oxidative conditions.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Daniel Olsson, Junyi Li, Mats Jonsson
Summary: The interfacial radiation chemistry of UO2 is crucial for the development of corrosion rate prediction models for spent nuclear fuel in contact with groundwater. The oxidative dissolution of UO2 induced by radiolytically produced H2O2 is of great significance. Stable uranyl peroxo-carbonato complexes formed by UO22+ in water containing H2O2 and HCO3-/CO32- have been largely overlooked in previous studies. Experimental results show that these complexes have little to no reactivity with the solid UO2 surface under certain conditions. The dissolution rate depends on the UO22+ concentration and is limited by the free H2O2 fraction.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Celice Carlsson, Benjamin Fegeant, Emelie Svensson, Love Wiklund, Mats Jonsson
Summary: This study investigates the selectivity and formaldehyde yield of Tris and methanol as probes for surface-bound hydroxyl radicals in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. The experiments demonstrate that Br2 & BULL;− reduces the formaldehyde yield compared to hydroxyl radicals in the homogeneous methanol system, while Tris increases the yield. Similar trends are observed in the photocatalysis system. The paper discusses the reasons for these changes and the suitability of Tris and methanol as probes.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhuofeng Li, Inna L. Soroka, Nadezda V. Tarakina, Maria Antonietta Sabatino, Emanuela Muscolino, Marta Walo, Mats Jonsson, Clelia Dispenza
Summary: In this study, inorganic-organic hybrid nanoparticles were synthesized via radiation synthesis in aqueous dispersions containing radiation-synthesized poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) nanogels. The experiments indicated strong interactions between the inorganic precursors (Ag+ and Ce3+) and the nanogel prior to irradiation. Characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the formation of crystalline Ag and CeO2. Both techniques revealed that the inorganic nanoparticles were evenly distributed in/on the nanogel, and their size was controlled by the nanogel.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Junyi Li, Xianjie Liu, Mats Jonsson
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the change in UO2 reactivity after exposure to O2 or gamma-radiation. The results showed that the reactivity of UO2 decreased significantly over time, especially in consecutive exposures. Surface analysis revealed that UO2 surfaces were significantly oxidized under all exposure conditions, with the presence of U(V) and no U(VI) observed.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hannes Zschiesche, Inna L. Soroka, Mats Jonsson, Nadezda V. Tarakina
Summary: This study investigates the influence of irradiation dose on the growth mechanisms and morphology of CeO2 particles formed through the radiolytic oxidation of Ce3+ in aqueous solution. The results show that different dose rates do not affect the growth pathway of CeO2 particles and result in the formation of highly ordered structures. Additionally, locally applied irradiation induces Ce-ion concentration gradients, impacting the growth of CeO2 and leading to the appearance of branched morphologies.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Celice Carlsson, Benjamin Fegeant, Emelie Svensson, Love Wiklund, Mats Jonsson
Summary: This study investigates the selectivity and formaldehyde yield of Tris and methanol as probes for surface-bound hydroxyl radicals. The experiments show that Br2& BULL;- reduces the formaldehyde yield, while Tris increases it, compared to hydroxyl radicals. Similar trends are observed in the photocatalysis system, but more pronounced.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2022)
Correction
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Ghada El Jamal, Thomas Gouder, Rachel Eloirdi, Evgenia Tereshina-Chitrova, Lukas Horak, Mats Jonsson
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Ghada El Jamal, Thomas Gouder, Rachel Eloirdi, Evgenia Tereshina-Chitrova, Lukas Horakd, Mats Jonsson
Summary: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the effect of mixed H2O/H-2 gas plasma on the surfaces of UO2, U2O5, and UO3 thin films. The results showed that the presence of different oxidation states of uranium was influenced by the concentration of H-2 in the plasma. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction analysis indicated a significant impact of plasma and heating conditions on the crystal structure of the films, serving as the main kinetic barrier for the plasma induced transfer between U(iv) and U(v).
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Liuming Wei, Jingwen Li, Yonggang Li, Qirong Zheng, Fan Cheng, Chuanguo Zhang, Jingyu Li, Gaofeng Zhao, Zhi Zeng
Summary: This study investigates the influence of He-V complexes on H behaviors on different W surfaces using DFT calculations. The results show that H dissolution is most difficult but H trapping is easiest on the W (110) surface, while the opposite is true on the W (111) surface. Moreover, the presence of He-V complexes increases the difficulty of H diffusion from bulk to surface and desorption.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yan Meng, Song Zeng, Chen Chen, Chaowen Zhu, Huahai Shen, Xiaosong Zhou, Xiaochun Han
Summary: The characteristics of magnetron sputtered Cr coatings vary with different temperature, bias voltage, and pressure. Coatings with random orientation, good crystallinity, and small grain size exhibit favorable oxidation behavior, while coatings with strong (200) texture, poor crystallinity, and large grains have many intrinsic defects that are detrimental to the protection property of the Cr coatings.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xinyuan Xu, Zefeng Yu, Wei-Ying Chen, Aiping Chen, Arthur Motta, Xing Wang
Summary: This study presents an automated approach for characterizing grain morphology in TEM images recorded during ion irradiation. By combining a machine learning model and a computer vision algorithm, comparable results to human analysis can be achieved with significantly reduced analysis time. Researchers can train their own models following the procedures described in this study to automate grain morphology analysis of their own TEM images.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shihao Wu, Dong Wang, Yapei Zhang, Koji Okamoto, Marco Pellegrini, Wenxi Tian, Suizheng Qiu, G. H. Su
Summary: The oxidation and degradation mechanisms of Cr coating on Zr alloy cladding under high temperature steam atmosphere are summarized, and a mathematical analysis model is established to predict the changes in coating thickness. The model is applied in the analysis of structure evolution under different conditions.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
V. Diaz-Mena, J. de Prado, M. Roldan, I. Izaguirre, M. Sanchez, M. Rieth, A. Urena
Summary: The brazeability of a cupronickel alloy was evaluated as a filler alloy for high-temperature joining of tungsten to steel. The study investigated the brazing conditions and the impact of the selected filler on the joint quality using numerical software. The results showed different metallurgical interactions and diffusion phenomena between the filler alloy and the base materials at different temperatures. The study emphasized the importance of selecting a suitable filler to mitigate residual stresses in the joints.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Pengcheng Zhu, Yajie Zhao, Yan-Ru Lin, Jean Henry, Steven J. Zinkle
Summary: This study investigates the effect of heavy-ion irradiation on radiation hardening in high-purity binary alloy Fe18Cr. Nanoindentation testing and high-quality TEM imaging were conducted to extract hardness and microstructure information. The strength factor was accurately calculated based on the detailed TEM characterization of irradiated microstructures, and a refined hardening superposition method was applied to quantify the mechanical properties of ion-irradiated materials.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bin Wu, Haixia Ning, Hanzhen Zhu, Jianjun Chen, Kang Wang, Daiyu Zhang, Fu Wang, Qilong Liao
Summary: This study discusses the effects of ZrO2 and B2O3 on the phase composition and properties of SAP-based glass-ceramics. The results show that ZrO2 addition improves the formation of NZP phase while restricting the crystallization of AlPO4 phases. The correct ratios of ZrO2 and B2O3 allow only the formation of NZP phase within the SAP glass.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hwasung Yeom, Greg Johnson, Benjamin Maier, Tyler Dabney, Kumar Sridharan
Summary: Cr-Nb bilayer coatings were developed using cold spray deposition to improve the limiting operational temperature of Cr-coated Zr-alloy system. The coatings exhibited outstanding oxidation resistance at high temperatures and formed continuous intermetallic compound layers at the interfaces.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Padhraic L. Mulligan, Andrew T. Nelson, Chad M. Parish, Patrick A. Champlin, Xiang Chen, Daniel Morrall, Jason M. Harp
Summary: Environmental barrier coatings are being developed to reduce oxidation and embrittlement in Zr-based materials. Chromium nitride is a candidate for this application, but understanding its impact on irradiation-induced creep and microstructure is critical.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dexuan Yan, Xinlei Cao, Ke Shen
Summary: This study investigated the purification mechanism of polycrystalline graphite by comparing IG-11 graphite with IG-110 nuclear grade graphite. The analysis revealed that metallic impurities in IG-11 were primarily segregated within graphite porosities, while IG-110 demonstrated a significant reduction in impurities. This research contributes to the development of innovative graphite purification techniques for greater purity and stronger oxidation resistance.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei Xu, Wei Peng, Lei Shi, Qi Sun
Summary: This paper investigates the oxidation and shape evolution of matrix graphite in high temperature gas-cooled reactors during air-ingress accidents. A reaction kinetics model is established and computational fluid dynamics with a dynamic mesh method is used to simulate the oxidation process. The results show that the geometric shape of graphite changes significantly with increasing flow rate, and the graphite pebbles tend to form a structure with a narrow front and wide tail.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Allison Harward, Casey Elliott, Michael Shaltry, Krista Carlson, Tae-Sic Yoo, Guy Fredrickson, Michael Patterson, Michael F. Simpson
Summary: This paper investigates the hygroscopic properties of eutectic LiCl-KCl absorbed into zeolite-4A. The study finds that water absorption and corrosion worsen with increasing salt loading. It also suggests that the salt can be stored in a non-inert atmosphere for a certain period of time.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Takaaki Koyanagi, Xunxiang Hu, Christian M. Petrie, Gyanender Singh, Caen Ang, Christian P. Deck, Weon-Ju Kim, Daejong Kim, James Braun, Yutai Katoh
Summary: This study provides critical experimental data on the effects of irradiation on the hermeticity of SiC composite cladding, finding that irradiation can cause a decrease in hermeticity and cracking, and coating the outer surface can mitigate the cracking issue.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. Krat, A. Prishvitsyn, Yu. Gasparyan
Summary: This study proposes a probabilistic and diffusion-based model to describe the co-deposition of multiple hydrogen isotopes with slowly grown metal layers. The model calculates the relative concentrations of different hydrogen isotopes in the co-deposited metal layers. It is found that if hydrogen isotopes have different detrapping energies, only the isotope with the highest detrapping energy shows a monotonic decrease in concentration with deposition temperature. Furthermore, the study evaluates the uncertainty of tritium concentration in the co-deposited layer based on the uncertainty in detrapping energy of tritium and deuterium, predicting a >10% tritium concentration uncertainty for a 0.01 eV difference.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tijo Vazhappilly, Arup Kumar Pathak
Summary: This study investigates the effect of Ce atom substitution in UO2 on its thermophysical properties using density functional theory. The results show that the Ce substitution levels and the oxidation state of Ce/U atoms strongly influence the band structure and specific heat capacity of the UO2 lattice. These findings provide important insights into the fuel properties of UO2 under reactor conditions.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)