Article
Immunology
Emer Ryan, Lynne Kelly, Catherine Stacey, Dean Huggard, Eimear Duff, Danielle McCollum, Ann Leonard, Gerard Boran, Dermot R. Doherty, Turlough Bolger, Eleanor J. Molloy
Summary: This study demonstrates altered cytokine profiles and endotoxin responses in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI), including mild TBI. Children with mild TBI showed decreased levels of IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF-alpha compared to controls, along with increased levels of IFN-gamma. In severe TBI, there was no significant IL-6 response to endotoxin, but an increase in IL-17A. These findings suggest immune dysfunction following TBI, especially in mild cases.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Mengqi Yuan, Haitao Wu
Summary: Astrocytes play a crucial role in controlling processes in the nervous system after brain injury, producing neuroprotective factors while also potentially hindering CNS repair. Understanding the dual role of astrocytes may improve post-brain injury recovery and lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for TBI.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shawn R. Eagle, Ava M. Puccio, Lindsay D. Nelson, Michael McCrea, Joseph Giacino, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, William Conkright, Sonia Jain, Xiaoying Sun, Geoffrey Manley, David O. Okonkwo
Summary: Obesity is associated with higher symptomatology and blood inflammatory markers in recovery following mTBI. The study found that obese patients had higher concentrations of hsCRP and IL-6 at multiple time points after injury, as well as higher RPQ scores at 6 and 12 months.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qi Lu, Jun Xiong, Yuan Yuan, Zhanwei Ruan, Yu Zhang, Bo Chai, Lei Li, Shufang Cai, Jian Xiao, Yanqing Wu, Peng Huang, Hongyu Zhang
Summary: This study demonstrates that minocycline can improve the functional recovery of traumatic brain injury (TBI) by reducing the levels of aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Minocycline treatment effectively reduces neuronal apoptosis, ameliorates brain edema and blood-brain barrier disruption in TBI. The expression of tight junction proteins and the morphology of astrocytes are also optimized by minocycline administration. AQP4 may be an important therapeutic target for minocycline treatment of TBI.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jianqin Xue, Yu Zhang, Junhua Zhang, Zhujun Zhu, Qi Lv, Jianhua Su
Summary: This study revealed the important role of astrocyte-derived CCL7 in promoting microglia-mediated inflammation after TBI, suggesting CCL7 could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for attenuating TBI by inhibiting microglial activation.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yingxi Wu, Haijian Wu, Jianxiong Zeng, Brock Pluimer, Shirley Dong, Xiaochun Xie, Xinying Guo, Tenghuan Ge, Xinyan Liang, Sudi Feng, Youzhen Yan, Jian-Fu Chen, Naomi Sta Maria, Qingyi Ma, Fernando Gomez-Pinilla, Zhen Zhao
Summary: This study demonstrates that microvascular injury plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease after mild traumatic brain injury. Restoring vascular functions may be beneficial for patients with mild TBI and potentially reduce the risk of developing AD.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Koen Visser, Milou Koggel, Jurre Blaauw, Harm Jan van der Horn, Bram Jacobs, Joukje van der Naalt
Summary: This systematic review summarizes clinical studies on blood-based inflammatory markers after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and identifies the value of inflammatory markers as biomarkers. The review suggests a distinct systemic inflammatory response following mTBI, quantifiable within 6 hours up to 12 months post-injury.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Yating Ling, Murugan Ramalingam, Xiaorui Lv, Yu Zeng, Yun Qiu, Yu Si, Jose Luis Pedraz, Hae-Won Kim, Jiabo Hu
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its treatment has seen limited progress in recent years due to the challenges of drug delivery to the brain. However, nanomedicine using nanomaterials as drug carriers is emerging as a promising strategy for the treatment of TBI. This review article provides insights into the pathophysiology of TBI, current treatment options, and emerging nanomedicine strategies, offering a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in treating TBI.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Assaf Zinger, Sirena Soriano, Gherardo Baudo, Enrica De Rosa, Francesca Taraballi, Sonia Villapol
Summary: The study developed leukocyte-based biomimetic nanoparticles for direct treatment of traumatic brain injury, achieving selective targeting of the damaged brain and accumulation in peripheral organs. The therapeutic approach showed potential efficacy in reducing brain damage.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Han Liu, Junchi He, Yue Wu, Yang Du, Yinghua Jiang, Chengzhi Chen, Zhanyang Yu, Jianjun Zhong, Zhigang Wang, Chongjie Cheng, Xiaochuan Sun, Zhijian Huang
Summary: The study showed that exogenous rANXA1 can improve BBB disruption and inflammatory response, leading to better functional outcomes following traumatic brain injury.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jingshu Tang, Yuying Kang, Longjian Huang, Xinhong Feng, Lei Wu, Ying Peng
Summary: The study revealed that Hemocoagulase Agkistrodon (HCA) has neuroprotective effects in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI), improving neurological deficits, reducing brain edema and hemorrhage, lowering proinflammatory cytokines while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, and diminishing BBB disruption by regulating tight junction proteins. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of HCA in acute TBI to mitigate neuropathological damage.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Nathan H. Johnson, Roey Hadad, Ruby Rose Taylor, Javier Rodriguez Pilar, Osman Salazar, Juan Antonio Llompart-Pou, W. Dalton Dietrich, Robert W. Keane, Jon Perez-Barcena, Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
Summary: This study provides evidence that inflammatory cytokines and inflammasome proteins in serum can be used to determine the severity of TBI and predict pathological outcomes. The study identifies ASC, IL-18, TNIF-α, IL-4, and IL-6 as reliable biomarkers. These biomarkers are correlated with clinical indicators such as the Glasgow coma scale.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Diogo Vila Verde, Marco de Curtis, Laura Librizzi
Summary: This study demonstrates that epileptiform seizure-like events can induce the activation of astrocytes and microglia, and that serum albumin extravasation exacerbates this activation, potentially leading to reinforcement of seizure activity.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Sandrine Bourgeois-Tardif, Louis De Beaumont, Jose Carlos Rivera, Sylvain Chemtob, Alexander G. Weil
Summary: Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet a safe and effective neuroprotective strategy remains elusive. Chronic neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in secondary injury development, showing promise for targeted therapies.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Zachary M. Weil, Kate Karelina, Bailey Whitehead, Ruth Velazquez-Cruz, Robin Oliverio, Mark Pinti, Divine C. Nwafor, Samuel Nicholson, Julie A. Fitzgerald, John Hollander, Candice M. Brown, Ning Zhang, A. Courtney DeVries
Summary: Recent studies have shown that traumatic brain injury (TBI) can worsen outcomes after stroke by affecting neuroimmune and neurometabolic functions. In a mouse model, TBI led to larger stroke infarcts, more severe functional deficits, and increased neuroinflammation. Treatment with the insulin sensitizing drug pioglitazone was able to prevent the exacerbation of ischemic outcomes caused by TBI, suggesting that metabolic dysfunction plays a role in these processes.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)