Article
Oncology
Corey Neff, Mackenzie Price, Gino Cioffi, Carol Kruchko, Kristin A. Waite, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan, Quinn T. Ostrom
Summary: This study estimates the prevalence of malignant and non-malignant brain tumors in comparison to other cancers. The results show that brain tumors contribute significantly to the cancer burden in the United States, especially among those younger than age 65 years. Understanding complete prevalence is crucial for monitoring cancer burden, informing clinical research, and guiding public policy.
Article
Oncology
Usama M. Ali, Diana R. Withrow, Andrew D. Judge, Puneet Plaha, Sarah C. Darby
Summary: A study in England found an increase in the incidence of primary CNS tumors, mainly due to the greater detection of benign tumors, possibly caused by the increased use of neuroimaging, specifically CT head scans in older adults.
Review
Oncology
Colin Thorbinson, John-Paul Kilday
Summary: Brain tumors are the leading cause of childhood cancer deaths in developed countries, representing the most common solid tumor in this age group, accounting for approximately one-quarter of all pediatric cancers. Developments in neuro-imaging, neurosurgical techniques, adjuvant therapy, and supportive care have improved survival rates for certain tumors, allowing a focus on optimizing cure while minimizing long-term adverse effects. Recent advancements in the molecular characterization of common pediatric brain tumors have identified unique clinical and biological patient subgroups, but achieving a paradigm shift in translational therapy and subsequent survival for many tumors remains challenging, with recurrence presenting a significant clinical challenge. This review provides insight into key molecular developments and global cooperative trial results for the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors, highlighting potential future directions for management, including novel therapeutic options and unresolved critical challenges.
Review
Oncology
Jingyu Zhao, Yaqi Wang, Lei Tao, Ligong Chen
Summary: Malignant brain tumors account for a small percentage of all malignant tumors and have a low survival rate. They are particularly deadly in pediatric cases. Current treatments for malignant brain tumors are not effective, and there is a need for new strategies. Iron-dependent cell death, known as ferroptosis, has shown potential as a therapeutic strategy for tumor cells. This review examines the factors and mechanisms related to ferroptosis, iron absorption and transport, and the role of iron transporters in malignant brain tumors.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Anna Borgenvik, Matko Cancer, Sonja Hutter, Fredrik J. Swartling
Summary: MYC genes are frequently misregulated in malignant brain tumors, with MYCN playing a crucial role in pediatric brain tumors. Targeting MYCN for treatment remains challenging due to its nature as a transcription factor. Efforts to treat MYCN-driven brain tumors through direct or indirect measures could potentially improve patient outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Juhee Lim, In Kang, Jeongwoo La, Keun Bon Ku, Byeong Hoon Kang, Yumin Kim, Won Hyung Park, Heung Kyu Lee
Summary: This review focuses on the role of Type I interferons in regulating antitumor immune responses, particularly in malignant gliomas. Type I interferons can promote immune clearance of tumor cells and transform the cold tumor microenvironment into an immune-activating hot environment by modulating the immune response and altering the tumor microenvironment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Johan A. F. Koekkoek, Pim B. van der Meer, Andrea Pace, Caroline Hertler, Rebecca Harrison, Heather E. Leeper, Deborah A. Forst, Rakesh Jalali, Kathy Oliver, Jennifer Philip, Martin J. B. Taphoorn, Linda Dirven, Tobias Walbert
Summary: This systematic review provides updated insights on palliative care for adults with malignant brain tumors based on the 2017 EANO guidelines. It highlights the importance of early interventions in defining care goals and reducing symptom burden.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Joslyn Gober, Lauren T. Shapiro, Eduard Tiozzo, Nanichi A. Ramos Roldan, Cristina M. Brea, Katherine Lin, Adriana Valbuena
Summary: This study evaluated the prevalence of TBI among children hospitalized with SCI in the United States and compared children with DD to those with isolated SCI in terms of various factors.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Ilgiz Gareev, Ozal Beylerli, Yanchao Liang, Huang Xiang, Chunyang Liu, Xun Xu, Chao Yuan, Aamir Ahmad, Guang Yang
Summary: Brain tumors, such as glioblastoma, are challenging to treat and have poor outcomes. Research on the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of brain tumors and their impact on treatment resistance is crucial for addressing this major clinical challenge.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nathalia Grave, Thamiris Becker Scheffel, Fernanda Fernandes Cruz, Liliana Rockenbach, Marcia Ines Goettert, Stefan Laufer, Fernanda Bueno Morrone
Summary: Gliomas are debilitating malignant brain tumors with limited response to therapies, driven by molecular abnormalities like mutations in regulatory networks. The MAPK pathway, particularly p38 MAPK activation, plays a crucial role in glioma cell invasion and metastasis, and is associated with tumor grade and chemotherapy resistance, underlining its potential as a therapeutic target.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chin-Hsiao Tseng
Summary: This study investigated the association between metformin use and malignant brain tumors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results showed a reduction in risk of malignant brain tumors associated with metformin use, especially after approximately 2-5 years of use.
Article
Oncology
Di Wu, Qingshan Chen, Jian Chen
Summary: This study presents a case of two siblings diagnosed with brain tumors. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed high somatic mutation loads in the tumor samples, along with pigmentation on the skin of one patient. Further investigation identified a causal link between the brain tumors and a biallelic mutation of the MSH6 gene, which is involved in DNA mismatch repair.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Kentaro Chiba, Yasuo Aihara, Yuichi Oda, Atsushi Fukui, Shunsuke Tsuduki, Taiichi Saito, Masayuki Nitta, Yoshihiro Muragaki, Takakazu Kawamata
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility of photodynamic therapy for malignant brain tumors in children and young adolescents. The results suggest that using talaporfin sodium at doses comparable to adults is safe in children, but further studies are needed to determine its efficacy.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Hiba A. Wanis, Henrik Moller, Keyoumars Ashkan, Elizabeth A. Davies
Summary: This study described the incidence of adult primary brain tumors by major subtypes in England using data from the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS). Glioblastoma was the most frequent tumor subtype, followed by meningioma. The increase in the incidence of major subtypes of brain tumors in England could be explained by advances in clinical practice.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiancheng Yu, Thuy-Tien Nguyen, Tianchi Wu, Mazdak Ghajari
Summary: This study investigated the difference in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cavitation between blasts and impacts, and proposed a mechanism explaining the lower negative pressure produced by blasts in the contrecoup CSF region. Experimental results and computational modeling validated this mechanism. These findings have significant implications for the prevention and diagnosis of blast-induced traumatic brain injury.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)